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324 Aircraft Systems > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things make up the definition of Airworthy?

A
  1. A/c is in condition for SAFE operation

2. A/c has all REQUIRED INSPECTIONS and they have been properly logged

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2
Q

What is 91.7 in the FARAIM

A

Rule and limitations of PILOTS

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3
Q

What is Critical Pressure?

A
  • Ignition through compression/point of combustion

- Higher pressure and temp. aid in reaching Critical Pressure

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4
Q

What is the complete combustion ratio?

A

Stochiometric - when ALL chemical elements are used up

15 lbs air : 1 lbs fuel

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5
Q

What does the Camshaft do? What drives it?

A
  • Operates valve mechanism of opposed engines
  • DRIVEN by CRANKshaft
  • Operates at 1/2 the speed because gear is larger
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6
Q

What part of the engine is subject to the most force?

A

CRANKSHAFT!

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7
Q

What does the Crankshaft do?

A

Transforms rotary motion of piston and rod to rotation of the propeller (uses counterweights)

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of engine instruments?

A
  1. Power (pressure gauges)

2. Condition (temp gauges)

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9
Q

6 things oil does for us?

A
  1. Cools
  2. Cleans
  3. Lubricates
  4. Actuates
  5. Cushions
  6. Seals
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10
Q

What does a prop. Governor do?

A

Controls SPEED of prop

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11
Q

What is one important ratio to know about the stalling/critical AOA of the prop (think about the graph)

A

Forward Velocity/Rotational Velocity

Graph: lift on vertical axis, AOA on horizontal axis

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12
Q

What does the THROTTLE control?

A

Manifold Pressure!

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13
Q

What does the PROPELLER control?

A

RPM!

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14
Q

What kind of hydraulic fluid do we have in our C172s?

A

MIL-H 5606

It is Red!

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15
Q

If your alternator fails, will your engine fail? Why?

A

No, the electrical system and engine are INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS!

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16
Q

What 3 things affect the output of an alternator?

A
  1. # of conductors
  2. RPM
  3. Strength of the magnetic field
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17
Q

What kind of current do SLIP rings produce?

A

Slip rings produce AC current

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of electricity?

A
  1. Static (useless)

2. Current (alternating and direct)

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19
Q

AC Generators have ____ rings.

A

SLIP rings

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20
Q

DC generators have ____ rings

A

SPLIT rings

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21
Q

Generators have ____ mags, and a ____ conductor/coil

A
  1. Stationary Mags

2. Rotating conductor/coil

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22
Q

How many E are in 1 Coulomb?

A

6.28 x 10 to the 18th power

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23
Q

1 HP = ____ ft/lbs OR ____ watts

A

33,000 ft/lbs per min OR 746 watts

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24
Q

What are the 6 ways to produce electricity?

A
  1. Friction
  2. Heat (thermocoupling)
  3. Light (light is energy)
  4. Pressure
  5. Chemical reaction (imbalance of electrons)
  6. Magnetism
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25
Q

What is thermocoupling?

A

When 2 different metals are connected at different temps, allowing E to cross

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26
Q

What is a battery?

A

An energy storage device?

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27
Q

What is a TRU?

A

Trans-rectifying unit

- Converts AC to DC

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28
Q

How are Superchargers driven? When does compression occur?

A
  • Driven directly by engine power

- Compresses air/fuel AFTER is leaves the carb

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29
Q

How are Turbochargers driven? When does compression occur?

A
  • Driven by hot, high velocity EXHAUST GASES expelled from engine
  • Compresses air BEFORE its mixed with fuel from carb
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30
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a Trubocharger?

A
  1. Compressor Assembly
  2. Exhaust Gas Turbine Assembly
  3. Pup and Bearing Casing
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31
Q

What is a Wastegate? What 2 systems are used to regulate the wastegate?

A
  • Regulates amount of exhaust gas directed to turbine
    1. Differential Pressure Controller
    2. Fuel metering
32
Q

How does an Engine Starter work?

A

Induces currents that create a magnetic field

33
Q

What a Generator do?

A

Creates current

34
Q

What does the Alternator Belt do?

A

Takes current and turn to transfer energy into mechanical work

35
Q

What is manifold pressure?

A

Measure of intake downstream of the throttle valve

36
Q

What is Overboost?

A

Max. manifold pressure is exceeded

37
Q

What is pour point?

A

Lowest temp at which oil can flow still

38
Q

The number associated with aviation OIL is an approximation of that oil’s ______

A

Viscosity

39
Q

What are the 2 types of lubrication systems?

A
  1. Wet-Sump (oil kept under the engine)

2. Dry-Sump (oil kept in a separate reservoir)

40
Q

4 disadvantages of a wet-sump lubrication system?

A
  1. Supply limited to pan capacity
  2. Cooling is more difficult
  3. Subject to higher operating temps of the engine
  4. Inverted flight = flooded engine
41
Q

Disadvantage of a dry-sump lubrication system?

A

MORE PARTS/UNITS!

42
Q

What 4 things does Critical Pressure effect/determine?

A
  1. Compression Ratio (higher is ideal)
  2. Cylinder pressure (higher is ideal)
  3. Power output and fuel consumption
  4. Octane Rating
43
Q

What does an oil analysis look for?

A
  1. Compression

2. METAL

44
Q

What are the 3 ways to wear out oil?

A
  1. Thermal cycling
  2. Shear
  3. Frequency vibration
45
Q

Do warmer climates need thicker or thinner oil to operate?

A

Warmer = THICKER! (bc weighs more)

46
Q

What are the 3 thermal efficiencies?

A
  1. Volumetric
  2. Chemical
  3. Mechanical
47
Q

What is volatility?

A

How much vapor a substance gives off in relations to it’s temperature!

48
Q

When does Detonation occur?

A

With an excessively LEAN mixture

49
Q

Why is it important to know about the fuel system?

A

So that we can troubleshoot in emergencies

50
Q

What is a BTU? What is it for Avgas?

A

British Thermal Unit

  • Amount of heat energy is needed to raise 1 lb of H2O by 1 degree F
  • Avgas is 20,000 BTU per pound
51
Q

What does Octane do for us?

A

Helps reduce all energy in the fuel, must be completely burned!

52
Q

Why use fuel additives?

A
  • Anti-detonation characteristics while allowing engine to develop more power
53
Q

What is a Gascolator?

A
  • Fuel filter
54
Q

What is the function of the fuel metering system? What drives it?

A
  • Mix fuel with weight of air and uniformly distribute it to all cylinders
  • Driven by the FUEL METERING FORCE (pressure differential between venturi and float chamber)
55
Q

What are the 2 basic types of batteries?

A
  1. Primary (non-rechargeable)

2. Secondary (rechargeable)

56
Q

What is Rated Capacity?

A

The batteries ability to perform when it is NEW

57
Q

3 ways to manipulate VOLTAGE?

A
  1. # of magnets
  2. Strength of magnets
  3. Speed of movement
58
Q

What is the function of Diodes in an alternator?

A

1-way check valve! Make sure E are flowing in 1 direction.

59
Q

What is the difference between a Relay and a Solenoid?

A

Relay - used in SMALLER circuits

Solenoid - used in HIGHER CURRENT circuits

60
Q

What is TCDS?

A

Type Cert Data Sheet

61
Q

What part of the FAR’s is a/c Airworthiness Standards?

A

Part 23

62
Q

Name 2 kinds of house power and describe them.

A

Brake Horsepower - developed from engine’s rotating shaft

Thrust Horsepower - converted BHP by propeller. % prop efficiency.

63
Q

What does the FAA form 337 tell you about?

A

Major repair and alteration

64
Q

How many revolutions of the crankshaft are there per cycle?

A

2 revolutions = 4 strokes (1 cycle)

65
Q

What engine component is geared to the driveshaft and is used to open valves at the proper time?

A
  • Rocker arm/valve spring

- Cam lobes on camshaft that rotate and push the rob up to open

66
Q

A rotating propeller is acted upon by what 4 forces?

A
  1. Centrifugal (outward)
  2. Thrust Bending (forward)
  3. Torque (yawing)
  4. Aerodynamic Twisting (of prop. blade)
67
Q

Describe a Fixed-Pitch Prop.

A
  • Built for max. efficiency at ONE set of conditions

- Efficiency at low and high pitches varies

68
Q

Describe a Constant-Speed Prop.

A
  • Have Governors that change the prop. pitch with conditions to achieve max. efficiency
  • Efficiency at low and high pitches is in theory going to be the same
69
Q

What is the purpose of a Reverse-Pitch Prop?

A
  • Control prop to produce negative thrust at low air speeds

- Aerodynamic braking to reduce ground roll after landing

70
Q

What is the purpose of a Feathering Prop?

A
  • Control prop to reduce drag during engine failure conditions
  • Produce a minimum windmilling effect
71
Q

Why do prop blades vary in pitch along the blade?

A

Attempt to reduce aerodynamic twisting

72
Q

Describe aerodynamic twisting.

A

Thrust along with unbalanced forces acting on a prop make blade want to twist about its longitudinal axis

73
Q

When are the blade angle and blade AOA the same?

A

When not in motion!

74
Q

What is prop slip?

A

The difference between Geometric Pitch (THEORETICAL provance of prop in 1 rev. with NO slip) and Effective Pitch (ACTUAL advance of prop in 1 revolution WITH slip)

75
Q

Where does Relative Wind hit the prop blade?

A

RW hits the back of the prop blade ALWAYS! Angle become smaller as forward velocity increases

324 Aircraft Systems (3 decks)

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