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Islam > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Antioch (1097-8)

A

first major city to fall to the crusaders, took place over new years

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2
Q

Jerusalem (1099)

A

Final major city to fall to crusaders

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3
Q

Hatin (1187)

A

Decisive victory of Salahadin over the crusaders used victory to retake jerusalem

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4
Q

Constantinople (1204)

A

4th crusade, crusaders take over the city

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5
Q

Baghdad (1258)

A

Mongols take the city and sack

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6
Q

Any Jaliyah (1260)

A

Mongols defeated by Mamlucks and their expansion is halted

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7
Q

Acre (1291)

A

Mamluks take the city from the crusaders, given them a foot hold against crusaders

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8
Q

Delhi (1399)

A

Timur, captures Bayezid and gains allegiance of the Bayezids sons

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9
Q

Constantinople (1453)

A

Mahmed II, ottomans conquered Byzantine empire. Byzantines are wiped

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10
Q

Granada (1492)

A

Fall of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella

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11
Q

Raymond of St Gilles

A

Led the first crusade, capture Jerusalem in 1099. Massacres the inhabitants of Jerusalem

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12
Q

Richard the Lionheart

A

Third crusade, triggered by Salahadin; He fought Salahadin to a draw, securing a beach head for the crusaders

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13
Q

‘Imad al-Din

A

Took out the crusader kingdom of edessa. It was an easy inland target. First crusader kingdom to fall

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14
Q

Nur al-Din

A

Son of Imad, wanted to unify cities didn’t want to take damascus by force

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15
Q

Salah al Din

A

Founder of the Ayyubids, Jihadist who retook jerusalem for the muslims

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16
Q

al-Kamil

A

Made a treaty, giving back jerusalem to the crusaders

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17
Q

Salih Ayyub

A

His core of slave soldiers become the Mamluks

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18
Q

al-Nasir (1180-1225)

A

overthrew the seljuq ruler Tughril III

19
Q

Baybars

A

emerged after ayan jalut founder of the mamluk dynasty, set tone for removal of crusaders

20
Q

Qalavun

A

patronized famous hospital and continued eliminating crusader cities

21
Q

Osman

A

founder of the ottoman dynasty battled byzantines and took constantinople

22
Q

Murad I

A

Massive expansion, took back Bakans and Anatolia, became a sultan, founded the janissries, was assassinated

23
Q

Bayezid

A

increased centralization, slave system, built very large army and brought into conflict with Timur, Battle of Ankara (1402) “triumph of Timur” captured Bayezed

24
Q

Murad II

A

Return of Ottomans, treaty with Byzantines created a Navy

25
Q

Mehmed II

A

conquest to capture Constantinople he cast and had strong centralized government

26
Q

Clavio

A

Spanish ambassador to Timur at Samurqand, was a first hand source to Timur’s court

27
Q

Timur

A

he has five and seven year conquests, great conqueror, descendants ruled for century over persia and central asia

28
Q

Ibn Arabi

A

a mystic, the perfect human

29
Q

Maimonides

A

jewish philosopher from spain, worked in egypt was a Ravi and physician

30
Q

Sunrawadi

A

Sufi master in Baghdad close to caliph

31
Q

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

A

wrote textbooks on astronomy theology and math, joined ismali court and later mongol court and convinced mongols to build him observatory

32
Q

al-Nawai

A

lived in damascus, was hadith scholar master jurist

33
Q

Rashid al-Din

A

wrote universal history in persian for the Ilkhanids

34
Q

Rumi

A

popular suffi persian poet

35
Q

Ibn Taymiyya

A

critical of aspects of sunni islam lived in cairo and wrote lots of legal responses

36
Q

Ibn Khaldun

A

historian on dynasties in cairo

37
Q

Ibn al-Nadia

A

famous for describing circulation of blood

38
Q

Policies of Ayyubids and Mamluks to crusaders

A

Ayyubids tolerant and allowed free trade and no one has to die, Mamluks aggressive and wanted to kill crusaders

39
Q

Which three major cities in syria and egypt did crusaders fail to capture

A

Damascus Cairo and Aleppo

40
Q

Ibn ‘Arabi’s concept of perfect human

A

no separation between man and god and it is like a mirror and without god we don’t exist, god is a sphere and man is a branch connected to sphere

41
Q

Impact of Mongols and impact on the Mongols

A

destruction of nishapur, redrew borders between muslim and european world; mongols got really rich and mongols adopted islam and persian culture

42
Q

Muslim Palace in Granada who conquered it and fate of muslims there

A

Alhambra, conquered by ferdinand and isabella of spain, all muslims had to convert or leave

43
Q

Rumi Discourse 17

A

there’s beast angels and men is a mix, god is the beauty in men and greed is the beast in men

44
Q

5 elements of classical sunni synthesis

A

union of 4 theological schools, promotion of suffi orders, hadith scholars loyalty to a single caliph

Islam (3 decks)

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