Final Flashcards
Types of social interaction : conflict
individuals or groups interact for a purpose of defeating an opponent
Types of social interaction : conformity
maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the expectations (or norms) of a group
Types of social interaction : cooperation
individuals or groups work together to reach a goal
Types of social interaction: coercion
individuals are forced to behave in a particular way “domination”
Types of social interactions : social exchange
one person voluntarily does something for another expecting a reward in return
groups
at least two people who interact and share a sense of identity
primary groups
- emotional investment
- family and friends
- small
- typically long term
- greedy of time
secondary groups
- task focused
- class
- tend to be large
- time limited
- very open with time
Aggregates
a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time but who dont interact or share a sense of identity
ethnomethodology
study of the rules that a person uses to initiate, respond to, and modify behavior in a social setting
in groups
the group you feel you belong to and is important part of your life
out group
- a group you dont belong to and may compete with
- us vs them
- sports team of cliques
reference group
- a group that people compare themselves to
- help guide our behavior and show us social norms
- you dont have to join to get benefits
- can also be negative
status
- responsibilities and benefits a person experiences according to their rank in society
- position that you occupy
achieved status
- obtained by choice
- you are someones gf cousign or aunt
roles
- what behavior is expected of you in terms of the roles that are mentioned
- as a student you are expected to take notes-
-you have more roles than status
role strain
- the stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
role conflict
- when one or more roles are contradicting
- when you plan to study but you get called in for work
functions of a group
- helps define boundaries
- choose leaders
- make decisions
- assing task
- set goals
- control group members
Deviance
- a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms
- the location, audience, and individual commiting the act will contribute to the act being labeled as deviant
Deviance pt 2
- deviance is not always a crime
- all criminal behavior is deviant while not all deviant behavior is criminal
defining behavior as deviant
- involves making a moral judgement
- definition of deviant can and will change over time
Can deviance be positive ?
yes
- it can foster social change
social control
regualtion and enforcement of norms
social control: internal control
- the control we impose on ourselves
- includes our conscience
social control: external control
- we conform to societal rules
- based on a system of rewards and punishements called sactions
External controls- formal positive
- awards
- testimonies
External control - informal positive
smiles back , pats on the back , and so on
External control : informal negative
frowns . Avoidance , and so on
external control : formal negative
legal sanctions and tickets
individual choice theory
- we will choose to do the thing that is more desirable and experience immediate gratification
strain theory
- states that access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining
- the great american dream to be able to grow up to be succesful
Deviant response strain - innovation
- goals are met through deviant means instead of legitimate means
- drug dealers
deviant response strain - ritualism
lower goals and focus on conformity
-will work at the same job for along time and then retire
deviant response strain - retreatism
- rejects societyes goals and means
- homeless, alcoholics, and drug addicts
deviant response strain - rebels
- replace societyes goals with your own
- millenials will fall into this category
social disorganizational theory
○ Asserts that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
Someone who is born in a bad neighnorhood they are more likely to adopt those qualities
Labeling theory
○ Examines the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
○ What is determied bad is determined by the people
differential assocaited theory
○ A theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance
primary deviance
□ Is a violation of norms that does not result in any long term effects on the individuals self image or interactions with others
secondary deviance
□ Occurrs when a persons self concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
violent crimes
□ Based on the use of force or the threat of force
□ Includes rape, robbery, and murder
□ Most are commited by someone the victim knows
□ A gun is the weapon of choice
□ Occur more frequently during holidays and the summer
property crime
□ Destruction or theft of property without force
□ Burgulary, auto theft, and vandalism
□ 75% of all crimes in the US is property crime
Shoplifting is #1 property crime
Juvenile crime
□ Unlawful event committed by someone under the age of 18
□ Status offense:
® Only a crimes because someone under 18 committed the crime
® Buying alcohol
Running away
coorporate crime
□ Crime committed by white collar workers in a business environment
□ Embezzlement, insider trading, identity theft
victimless crime
□ When the perpetrator is not explicitly harming another person
Drugs, illegal gambling, prostitution
the prison systems
□ Cost about 50 billion to run the prisons
□ Jails are allowing private corporations to run their jails to make them run by cheaper
□ 2.2 million of people in prison
□ Men are more likely for men to be in jail
□ Minorities are more likely to end in jail
□ 1 in 34 people are in jail, or on parole or probation
□ Average yearly cost to house an inmate is 30,000 a year oa
□ There is about an even amount ethnicity people in texas
□ There is more than 70 percent of prisons in texas do not have air conditioner
□ 2/3 of women in prison are mothers with 88% of their kids uder 18
Some prisons allow inmate mothers to keep their babies with them until 18 months of age
race
the physical differences that a society considers significant
Social construction of race
○ The sociological view that race is not biologically definable ○ Today, we also consider social class and use race to label as a source of identity
ethnicity
- describes a share culture
- religion, language, and or land tie ethnic groups together
minority group
a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics are singled out for differential and unequal treatment
3 points of minoryt groups
- it is not about how many members are in the group
- it is not a voluntary membership
- every country has their own group of minorities
prejudice
- beliefs,thoughts, feelings and attitudes someone holds about a group
- usually but nor always based on experiences but it is a prejudgement
discrimination
- actions against a group of ppl based on race, age, religion, health and other stuff
types of discrimination
- verbal rejection
- avoidance
- active discrimination
- physical attacks
- extermination
white priviledge
- is defines as the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group
where is the poverty level
- 13.1
pluralism
when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.
amalgamation
the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group
what is the one defining feature of a minority group?
lack of power
A new black family has moved in steves building. Steve is deeply prejudiced against blacks but says nothing becauase he is afraid other in his building will judge him . Steve is …..
prejudice non discriminator
a group of highschool boys sneak over to the home of a Hispanic family on e night and spray paint their stuff
prejudiced discriminators
an individual who feels uncomfortable when friends tell a racist joke and yet does not out for fear.
unprejudiced discriminator
the us census relies on _____ definition of racce
self
prejudice is not always based on experience with a group of people
false
the us population
321.4 million
Extended family
includes gradparents, aunts, uncles, cousings, and inlaws
Functions of family: Pattering reproduction
§ Cultures regulate who can legally enter into relationships
§ Parents cannot marry children, aunts and uncles cannot marry nieces and nephews
§ There are some states that allows this tho
Functions of family: providing a social class
- provides a status through the family
functions of family: regulating sexual behavior
functions of family: regulating sexual behavior
family orientation
- refest to the family into which a person is born
family of procreation
is the one formed through marriage
patriarchal
male dominated
matriarchal
female dominated
egalitarian
both man and female rule
monogamy
married to only one person
polygamy
married to more than one person
polygyny
refers to a man being married to multiple woman
polyandry
women beign married to more more than one person
mate selection
- age
- race
- religion
- social class
- mate selection is not random
Cohabitation
§ When a couple shares a residence but is not married § Approximately 12% of the population cohabitate
divorce
§ Education is the bigger factor regarding divorce Lower levels : higher divorce rates finition
marriage
○ Is legally recognized social contract between two people
○ 1100 laws that protect marriage ○ The average age for man is 28 and for women is 26 now to get married
interracial marriages
loving v Virginia
interracial marriages
loving v Virginia
prejudice is based on experiences with a group of people
false
the population of the us is 302 million
false
Dwayne and katrina married couple. They have two children and live with karina brothers family. this is an example of what type of family
extended
according to our notes the distiguinshing feature of an ethnic group is which of the following
cultural
Canada has 2 official languages. englsiha and French . this is an example of
pluralism
the average women will marry at
26
according to our class notes which of the following is not onw the challenges afamilies face
the occurrence of family violence has decreased
which of the following is not a concept that makes marriage difference from other relationships
romantic love as an important characteristic of the relationship
which of the following is not a concept that makes marriage difference from other relationships
romantic love as an important characteristic of the relationship
Stigmatization of illness
- certain diseases are discriminated
- metal and sexual
- it depends on each culture
Social Epidemology
- is the study of the causes and distribution of diseases
- some dieases are more common in some countries such as obesity in America
- 3rd world countries cannot find fresh water
3 factors that affect health status : gender
women live to 81.2
- men 76.4
- men have more risk at work and in leisure activities
Factors that affect health status : Race
- blacks and native americans have the worst health care status of all groups
- blacks live on average five less years than whites
Factors that affect health status : social class and health
- inadequate housing
- no air conditioning
- poor diet
- many poor people end up in the ER
HIV
HIV
The aging population
- 14.5 is over 65
- 78 million baby boomers
Young olf
age 65-74
Middle old
Middle old
Old old
85 and over
who are the elderly ?
60% women
78% white
- live in florida, Arizona and texas
- 9 live in poverty
Mights of aging
- all are the same
- sensile
- not interested in sex
Sick Role
- ## patterns of expectations that define appropriate behaviors for the sick
What benefits do you gain from the sick role ?
- excused from normal social responsibilities
- not responsible for his or her condition
- must recognize that being ill is undesirable
- obligated to seek medical health
Medicalization
- Medicalization that changes bad behavior into sick behavior
- alcohol and drug abuse are an example \
Medicare
federal health program for the elderly over 65 and the disabled
Medicaid
state program for women and children and some disabled based on income
