final Flashcards
what are the rules used to test a claim?
falsifiability
logic
replicability
sufficiency
the Law of Conservation of Mass
- the mass of a system is conserved in a chemcal reaction
- matter cannot be created or destroyed
- atoms are conserved in chemical reactions
the ability to recycle aluminum (or glass, or plastic) is an example of
the Law of the Conservation of Mass
what does NOT occur in a chemical reaction
atoms are changed into other atoms
what DOES occur in a chemical reaction
- atoms react with other atoms
- matter is rearranged
- matter is conserved
John Dalon discovered which law
The Law of Multiple Proportions
atoms of the same element that have different masses are called
isotopes
one mole of carbon is equal to
12.011 grams of carbon
6.022 x 10^23 atoms of carbon
Avogadro’s number of atoms
the atomic masses for elements are
relative masses determined by comparison with a standard reference
the periodic table is helpful with what
- predicting chemical reactivity of elements
- predicting physical properties of elements
- predicting formulas of compounds
the “box” for an element on the periodic table will include what information about the element
- its atomic mass
- its atomic number
- its atomic symbol
cathode
negatively charged electrode
mixture
two or more substances
the substances retain their identities
they don’t change change chemically; they simply mix
gay- lussac’s law
the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
boyle’s law
for a given amount of gas at a constant temp, the volume of the gas varies inversely with its pressure
avogadro’s law
at a fixed temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas (that is to the number of moles of gas, n, or to the number of molecules of gas).
charle’s law
the volume of a fixed amount of a gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
ionic bond
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is the electrostatic attraction between polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) or fluorine (F) experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.
dipole force
An ion-dipole force is a force between an ion and a polar molecule. A hydrogen bond is a dipole-dipole force and is an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen on one molecule and a slightly negative atom on another molecule.
dispersion forces
London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, or loosely van der Waals forces) are a type of force acting between atoms and molecules. They are part of the van der Waals forces. The LDF is named after the German-American physicist Fritz London.
cathode ray
Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.
isoelectronic
Two or more molecular entities (atoms, molecules, or ions) are described as being isoelectronic with each other if they have the same number of electrons or a similar electron configuration and the same structure (number and connectivity of atoms), regardless of the nature of the elements involved.
ionic bond
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
