final

Question 1

what are the rules used to test a claim?

Answer 1

falsifiability
logic
replicability
sufficiency

Question 2

the Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 2

• the mass of a system is conserved in a chemcal reaction
• matter cannot be created or destroyed
• atoms are conserved in chemical reactions

Question 3

the ability to recycle aluminum (or glass, or plastic) is an example of

Answer 3

the Law of the Conservation of Mass

Question 4

what does NOT occur in a chemical reaction

Answer 4

atoms are changed into other atoms

Question 5

what DOES occur in a chemical reaction

Answer 5

• atoms react with other atoms
• matter is rearranged
• matter is conserved

Question 6

John Dalon discovered which law

Answer 6

The Law of Multiple Proportions

Question 7

atoms of the same element that have different masses are called

Answer 7

isotopes

Question 8

one mole of carbon is equal to

Answer 8

12.011 grams of carbon
6.022 x 10^23 atoms of carbon
Avogadro’s number of atoms

Question 9

the atomic masses for elements are

Answer 9

relative masses determined by comparison with a standard reference

Question 10

the periodic table is helpful with what

Answer 10

• predicting chemical reactivity of elements
• predicting physical properties of elements
• predicting formulas of compounds

Question 11

the “box” for an element on the periodic table will include what information about the element

Answer 11

• its atomic mass
• its atomic number
• its atomic symbol

Question 12

cathode

Answer 12

negatively charged electrode

Question 13

mixture

Answer 13

two or more substances
the substances retain their identities
they don’t change change chemically; they simply mix

Question 14

gay- lussac’s law

Answer 14

the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 15

boyle’s law

Answer 15

for a given amount of gas at a constant temp, the volume of the gas varies inversely with its pressure

Question 16

avogadro’s law

Answer 16

at a fixed temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas (that is to the number of moles of gas, n, or to the number of molecules of gas).

Question 17

charle’s law

Answer 17

the volume of a fixed amount of a gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 18

ionic bond

Answer 18

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Answer 19

A hydrogen bond is the electrostatic attraction between polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) or fluorine (F) experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.

Question 20

dipole force

Answer 20

An ion-dipole force is a force between an ion and a polar molecule. A hydrogen bond is a dipole-dipole force and is an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen on one molecule and a slightly negative atom on another molecule.

Question 21

dispersion forces

Answer 21

London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, or loosely van der Waals forces) are a type of force acting between atoms and molecules. They are part of the van der Waals forces. The LDF is named after the German-American physicist Fritz London.

Question 22

cathode ray

Answer 22

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

Question 23

isoelectronic

Answer 23

Two or more molecular entities (atoms, molecules, or ions) are described as being isoelectronic with each other if they have the same number of electrons or a similar electron configuration and the same structure (number and connectivity of atoms), regardless of the nature of the elements involved.

Question 24

ionic bond

Answer 24

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

Question 25

electronegativity

Answer 25

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. An atom’s electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.

Question 26

ideal gas law

Answer 26

The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations.

Question 27

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 27

The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container. Kinetic theory explains macroscopic properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion.