Final Flashcards
This is diffuse, shear + yellow
hyperkeratosis
This is a result of direct pressure and has a white diffuse rim
tyloma
How do you diagnose IPK + porokeratosis?
visually and through palpation
Diffuse maceration surround the keratosis and usually underlying a bony prominence?
a. hyperkeratosis
b. tyloma
c. IPK
d. porokeratosis
C. IPK
This is a translucent keratinous plue surrounded by a white rim of macerative tissue beleived to be the plugged rim of an eccrine sweat duct
a. hyperkeratosis
b. tyloma
c. IPK
d. porokeratosis
D. porokeratosis
How do you diagnosis verruca?
a. Loss of skin lines- DNA altered
b. Pinpoint black petechiae
c. Pain w radial compression
d. all
e. none - these are all ways of treating
D. all of hte above
Hoe do u confirm herpes zoster?
a. PAS stain
b. Biopsy
c. Visual
d. KOH stain
e. None of the above
B.
How do you diagnose a lipoma?
a. visually
b. palpation
c. biopsy
d. KOH stain
B. palpation
T/F you confirm a lipoma, ganglion & leiomyoma with an MRI
True
This is a palpable, painful and hard nodular lesion right below the skin that commonly presents w a history of trauma.
a. lipoma
b. ganglion cyst
c. bruise
d. inclusion cyst
e. leiomyoma
D
This is an acute inflammation and thrombosis of arteries and veins of the hands and feet
a. vasospastic disease
b. thromboangiitis onliterans
c. vasculitis
B. Thromboangiitis obliterans
How do u diagnose thromboangiitis obliterans?
H&P, smoking history!
How do you diagnose vasospastic disease?
H&P, occurs during cold temps!
When do you visually inspect the digits in order to make a diagnosis?
with vasculitis!
Small fiber neuropathy commonly presents with:
a. absent reflexes
b. loss of light touch
c. loss of proprioception
d. loss of vibratory sense
e. pain + burning of soles
E. pain burning soles
To make the DIAGNOSIS of this, you palpate to reproduce symptoms along the course of the nerve. A. tendonitis B. neuritis C. neuroma D. muscle atrophy
B. neuritis
What is the most common peripheral nerve tumor?
schwannoma
Positive mulder’s sign is seen in?
neuroma
Morton’s neuroma is:
a. commonly enlarged 4th common plantar digital nerve at the level of the met heads just plantar to the DTML
b. commonly enlarged 3rd common plantar digital nerve at the level of the met heads just plantar to the DTML
c. commonly enlarged 2nd common plantar digital nerve at the level of the met heads just plantar to the DTML
d. commonly enlarged 5th common plantar digital nerve at the level of the met heads just plantar to the DTML
e. none of hte above
B.
T/F Steroid injections are a good therapy for neuromas and provide relief in hte majority of patients.
False, poor therapeutic results with only relief in 14% of pts
How do you diagnose muscle spasm w contiguous MTPJ disease?
If there is pain on ROM while palpating muscle
This is a biomechanical abnormality that is commonly seen at the 2nd MPJ and is aggravated by weight bearing and end ROM restriction.
a. Tendonitis
b. Capsulitis
c. Bursitis
d. Synovitis
e. B and D
B. capsulitis
This is an inflammation of one or more small sacs of synovial fluid in the body
a. Tendonitis
b. Capsulitis
c. Bursitis
d. Synovitis
e. B and D
C
This is an inflammation of the joint fluid
a. Tendonitis
b. Capsulitis
c. Bursitis
d. Synovitis
e. B and D
D
A 35 y/o female patient comes into your office complaining of pain on the medial aspect of her foot, near the arch. You clinically describe it as a translucent keratinous plug surrounded by white rim of macerative tissue. It is unusual because it is not located in a weight bearing area of her foot. What is your diagnosis?
Porokeratosis!
Whcih type of porokeratosis do we worry about most? Why?
a. Classic porokeratosis of mibellis (PM)
b. Linear porokeratosis
c. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP)
d. Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris dissesminata (PPPD)
e. Punctuate porokeratosis keratoderma
e. Punctuate porokeratosis keratoderma
because these are more commonly only seen on the hands and the feet while the others are seen all over the body!
How do you diagnose tinea + verruca?
a. visual
b. PAS
c. KOH
d. biopsy
e. X-ray
A.
How do you diagnose a stress fracture?
H&P
POP to met shaft
Tuning fork to area
X-rays
What are the three MOST COMMON soft tissue tumors in the forefoot?
a. lipoma
b. ganglion
c. inclusion cyst
d. leiomyoma
NOT D.
What is the most common lipoma of the foot/ankle?
Juxtamalleolar lipoma!
- fat pad in front of the ankle “cankles”
A pt comes into clinic w a ganglion cyst on the plantar lateral surface of her foot. You decide to aspirate it. What do you tell teh patient?
a. The chances of it coming back are slim-none and she does not have to worry about it ever coming back
b. The chances of it coming back are high and she may need to return to get it aspirated again
c. It will definitely never come back
d. It will definitely come back
B
How do you diagnose a freiberg’s infraction?
H&P, palpation to the tip of the met head vs shaft, but difficult
What is the recurrence rate of an inclusion cyst?
a. quite low
b. quite high
c.
A. quite low
What is the most common cause of fat pad insufficiency?
atrophy due to age
The acute inflammation and thrombosis of arteries and veins of hte hands and feet is what?
a. vasospastic disease (raynaud’s)
b. thromboangiitis obliterans (beurger’s disease)
c. vasculitis
d. all of the above
e. none of hte above
B
In this disease you see pinpoint erythmatous macules on the digits
a. vasospastic disease (raynaud’s)
b. thromboangiitis obliterans (beurger’s disease)
c. vasculitis
d. all of the above
e. none of hte above
C vasculitis
T/F Vasculitis is a disease of only veins
FALSE, includes arterieis, capillaries as well
How do you diagnose OA?
expose the joint via flexion/extension + palpate
Pt comes into your office complaining of BURNING PAIN in the forefoot of their L foot. This is most commonly due to:
a. large fiber neuropathy
b. small fiber neuropathy
c. not enough information is given
d. both large + small fiber
B. small
Small = burning Large = loss of sensation- dont feel anything!
What is Tinel?
when you palpate the nerve in the forefoot, the pain is electrically stimulated DISTALLY.
TD bank
What is valleix
when you palpate the nerve in the forefoot, the pain is radiated PROXIMALLY
VP- VICE PRESIDENT
WHAT IS THE most common nerve tumor?
schwannoma
All of hte following are considered zebras except?
a. CMT disease
b. Chronic relapsing polyneuritis
c. Amyloidosis
d. Schwanomma
e. Neurofibroma
f. Acromegaly
D. schwanomma
This is a hypertrophy of hte PERINEURAL + ENDONEURIUM of the nerve
neuroma
A positive mulder’s sign is?
a. an audible click that is heard when palpating for a neuroma
b. an audible click that is heard when you are palpating for neuritis
c. A palpable click that is felt when you are palpatig for neurtiis
d. A palpable click that is felt when you are palpating for a neuroma
D. a PALPABLE click
T/F Conservative treatment of neuromas showed promising results with about 80% of patients reporting relief after 1 month.
False!
Which has the better results of conservative treatment?
a. steroid injection
b. sclerosing injections
c. wider shoes
d. orthoses
e. metatarsal pads
B. sclerosing
When doing surgical treatment on neuromas, what is best to do?
reposition it into muscle for best results!! + to prevent wallarian degeneration
capsulitis is commonly seen at what joint?
a. 1st mpj
b. 2nd mpj
c. 3rd mpj
d. 4th mpj
B. 2nd MPJ
What are the normal metatarsal parabolas?
2 3 1 4 5
2 1 3 4 5
T/F Brachymetatarsia is seen much more commonly in females rather than males
True
Pt presents w freiberg’s infraction. what should u tel them to do to treat it conservatively?
a. Use shoes that have no heel to take pressure off
b. Use shoes that have a low heel to take pressure off
c. Do a shortening wedge osteotomy
d. Do a met head resection
B.
Which layer do ganglions arise in?
a. skin
b. vasculature
c. bone
d. adipose tissue
e. muscle
D. adipose!
A neuroma found in the arch of the foot has pain that radiates
a. proximally
b. distally
c. both proximally + distally
d. neither distally nor proximally
B