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Wildlife ecology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is wildlife ecology?

A

The needs and relationship of wildlife to each other and ecosystem

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2
Q

what is the difference in conservation and preservation?

A

preservation doesnt use resources at all and conservation still uses them in moderation

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3
Q

how many vertebrate species are in WA?

A

over 700

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4
Q

what are the 3 ecology basics?

A

composition, structure, function

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5
Q

what is a trophic level?

A

the amount of energy being passed down to other species

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6
Q

how much energy is passed down between trophic levels?

A

about 10%

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7
Q

why is so much energy lost between trophic levels?

A

species do not have enough energy to transfer to the lower levels because they use the energy for things like heat energy

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8
Q

which habitat elements match with the components?

Food and water

A

variety, preferences, nutrition

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9
Q

which habitat elements match with the components?

shelter

A

weather, cover, young, display, resting/roosing

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10
Q

which habitat elements match with the components?

site quality

A

soil, topography, climate

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11
Q

which habitat elements match with the components?

space and home range

A

proximity, diversity, seasonality

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12
Q

what is the difference in a obligate species and a generalist?

A

obligate species have very species habitat and food needs, generalist do not

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13
Q

what are the 4 different types of population dynamic cycles?

A

annual, periodic, irregular, and irruptive

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14
Q

hcps were developed as a solution for conflicts between…

A

private development and endangered species

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15
Q

who owns wildlife in United States?

A

the public

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16
Q

who was the 7 point american game policy developed by?

A

Aldo Leopold

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17
Q

good wildlife policy needs to include or consider which items?

A

science, political will and social considerations

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18
Q

why is the tragedy of the commons not a good example for public policy?

A

because there is no evidence to support it

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19
Q

what are two important federal laws governing wildlife policy and what does it do?

A

clean water act- controls how much pollutants go into streams and waters
clean air act- controls how much pollutants get released into the air from buildings and logging equipment and other sources

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20
Q

what year was the american game policy produced?

A

1930

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21
Q

PARC is an organization to conserve ______ and _____

A

amphibians and reptiles

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22
Q

T/F PARC is habitat focused in its mission

A

true

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23
Q

what are three of the major threats to reptiles and amphibians?

A

climate change, water pollutants, disease and parasites

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24
Q

the equilibrium model of island biogeographyis used to explain species diversity on islands based on the result of ____ and _______

A

immigration and extinction

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25
Q

how can the study of island immigration be applied to continental management?

A

because there is natural barriers such as roads fences and rivers on continental land too

26
Q

what type of HPC is the cedar river watershed?

A

ecosystem based

27
Q

T/F timber harvesting is how the HCP is getting paid for at cedar river

A

False

28
Q

how is the cedar river watershed paying for HPC work?

A

city utility rate payers

29
Q

what is one example of restoration in the cedar river being done?

A

removing invasive species

30
Q

one example of mitigation for fish being done in the cedar river HCP

A

adding culverts

31
Q

three key features of population include….

A

size, density and dispersion

32
Q

T/f a growing population will have similar numbers in the pre-reproductive reporductiove and post reproductive segments

A

false

33
Q

T/F dispersion describes the relative spacing of individuals to one another

A

true

34
Q

why are food chains rarely longer than 4-5 chains?

A

because you lose to much energy in transfers

35
Q

T/f the k-carrying capacity is to define the max number of animals supportable for the resources of the enviornment

A

true

36
Q

i-carrying capacity is used to define a ____ based carrying capacity

A

culturally

37
Q

what are three things to consider in determining carrying capacity for a species?

A

amount of cover/shelter, amount of food, territory size of individuals

38
Q

is most animal behavior learned or instinctive?

A

instinctive

39
Q

dispersal is the movement of an animal from its birth place to a residence as an adult, what type of dispersal is described by movement in response of unfavorable conditions?

A

enviornmental

40
Q

what is imprinting?

A

when young animals learn behaviors from their parents

41
Q

match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition

laditudinal

A

change in latitude

42
Q

match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition

altitudanal

A

change in elevation

43
Q

match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition

circadian

A

daily rhythms

44
Q

T/F there is one true definition of spotted owl dispersal habitat among biologist

A

true

45
Q

t/f the home range of the spotted owl is consistent throughout its range

A

true

46
Q

what is SMART

A 
specific
measurable
attainable 
reachable
timely
47
Q

T/F early concepts of habitat corridors were literally linear connecting strips such as riparian buffers

A

true

48
Q

what is functional connectivity?

A

patches of habitat that provide habitat within reach of larger patches of habitat

49
Q

T/F functional connectivity is also known as stepping stone corridors

A

true

50
Q

t/f habitat corridors need to be permanent to be effective

A

false

51
Q

the ESA was originally made to cover what activities?

A

federal activities

52
Q

why was the ESA amended in 1982?

A

to incorporated non federal activity that could potentially “take” a species

53
Q

SHA stands for?

A

safe harbor agreement

54
Q

t/f CCAA has be signed to help the fisher in wa

A

true

55
Q

one CCAA purpose is to…

A

help prevent species from being listed

56
Q

an HCP must,…

A

ID measures to avoid take

minimize and mitigate impacts of unavoidable taking to the max extent practical.

57
Q

T/F the NEPA is a substantive statue to prescribe environmental conservation methods

A

false

58
Q

how did California prevent electrocution of birds?

A

put nets over the fences

59
Q

the balcones canyon land conservation plan has ( stopped, made no difference, allowed ) development in the plan area

A

allowed

60
Q

who had the first regional multi species HCP in the US

A

the Balcones canoylands conservation plan

Wildlife ecology (1 decks)

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