Final Flashcards
What is wildlife ecology?
The needs and relationship of wildlife to each other and ecosystem
what is the difference in conservation and preservation?
preservation doesnt use resources at all and conservation still uses them in moderation
how many vertebrate species are in WA?
over 700
what are the 3 ecology basics?
composition, structure, function
what is a trophic level?
the amount of energy being passed down to other species
how much energy is passed down between trophic levels?
about 10%
why is so much energy lost between trophic levels?
species do not have enough energy to transfer to the lower levels because they use the energy for things like heat energy
which habitat elements match with the components?
Food and water
variety, preferences, nutrition
which habitat elements match with the components?
shelter
weather, cover, young, display, resting/roosing
which habitat elements match with the components?
site quality
soil, topography, climate
which habitat elements match with the components?
space and home range
proximity, diversity, seasonality
what is the difference in a obligate species and a generalist?
obligate species have very species habitat and food needs, generalist do not
what are the 4 different types of population dynamic cycles?
annual, periodic, irregular, and irruptive
hcps were developed as a solution for conflicts between…
private development and endangered species
who owns wildlife in United States?
the public
who was the 7 point american game policy developed by?
Aldo Leopold
good wildlife policy needs to include or consider which items?
science, political will and social considerations
why is the tragedy of the commons not a good example for public policy?
because there is no evidence to support it
what are two important federal laws governing wildlife policy and what does it do?
clean water act- controls how much pollutants go into streams and waters
clean air act- controls how much pollutants get released into the air from buildings and logging equipment and other sources
what year was the american game policy produced?
1930
PARC is an organization to conserve ______ and _____
amphibians and reptiles
T/F PARC is habitat focused in its mission
true
what are three of the major threats to reptiles and amphibians?
climate change, water pollutants, disease and parasites
the equilibrium model of island biogeographyis used to explain species diversity on islands based on the result of ____ and _______
immigration and extinction
how can the study of island immigration be applied to continental management?
because there is natural barriers such as roads fences and rivers on continental land too
what type of HPC is the cedar river watershed?
ecosystem based
T/F timber harvesting is how the HCP is getting paid for at cedar river
False
how is the cedar river watershed paying for HPC work?
city utility rate payers
what is one example of restoration in the cedar river being done?
removing invasive species
one example of mitigation for fish being done in the cedar river HCP
adding culverts
three key features of population include….
size, density and dispersion
T/f a growing population will have similar numbers in the pre-reproductive reporductiove and post reproductive segments
false
T/F dispersion describes the relative spacing of individuals to one another
true
why are food chains rarely longer than 4-5 chains?
because you lose to much energy in transfers
T/f the k-carrying capacity is to define the max number of animals supportable for the resources of the enviornment
true
i-carrying capacity is used to define a ____ based carrying capacity
culturally
what are three things to consider in determining carrying capacity for a species?
amount of cover/shelter, amount of food, territory size of individuals
is most animal behavior learned or instinctive?
instinctive
dispersal is the movement of an animal from its birth place to a residence as an adult, what type of dispersal is described by movement in response of unfavorable conditions?
enviornmental
what is imprinting?
when young animals learn behaviors from their parents
match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition
laditudinal
change in latitude
match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition
altitudanal
change in elevation
match the fallowing mitigation term with its definition
circadian
daily rhythms
T/F there is one true definition of spotted owl dispersal habitat among biologist
true
t/f the home range of the spotted owl is consistent throughout its range
true
what is SMART
specific measurable attainable reachable timely
T/F early concepts of habitat corridors were literally linear connecting strips such as riparian buffers
true
what is functional connectivity?
patches of habitat that provide habitat within reach of larger patches of habitat
T/F functional connectivity is also known as stepping stone corridors
true
t/f habitat corridors need to be permanent to be effective
false
the ESA was originally made to cover what activities?
federal activities
why was the ESA amended in 1982?
to incorporated non federal activity that could potentially “take” a species
SHA stands for?
safe harbor agreement
t/f CCAA has be signed to help the fisher in wa
true
one CCAA purpose is to…
help prevent species from being listed
an HCP must,…
ID measures to avoid take
minimize and mitigate impacts of unavoidable taking to the max extent practical.
T/F the NEPA is a substantive statue to prescribe environmental conservation methods
false
how did California prevent electrocution of birds?
put nets over the fences
the balcones canyon land conservation plan has ( stopped, made no difference, allowed ) development in the plan area
allowed
who had the first regional multi species HCP in the US
the Balcones canoylands conservation plan
