Final Flashcards
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?
Respiration is rate of gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2 and ventilation is the rate at which air enters or leaves the lungs.
What are the main functions of the air conduction portion of the respiratory system?
- Filtering, humidifying,warming or cooling inspired air.
- Phonation
- Olfaction
What are the three types of cells found in pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the olfactory region?
- Sustentacular
- Basal
- Olfactory
Is there microvilli or cilia on the surface of cells in the epithelium of the vomeronasal organ in the nasal cavity?
Cilia ( microvilli in rest of nasal cavity)
Where are clara cells located? What is their function?
The smaller bronchioles and terminal bronchioles of the respiratory system. The divide to regenerate the epithelium, produce surfactant, and protective glycoproteins.
What type of epithelium covers alveolar ducts?
Simple cuboidal to squamous
What are the three main components of the gaseous exchange portion of the lungs?
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
What main types of cells that line the alveoli? What is it’s function?
Type I Pneumocytes (95%)-squamous
Involved in gas exchange via pinocytosis and serve as barrier between air and blood.
Type II pneumocytes (5%)-cuboidal
Store and secrete surfactant and are mitotic producing more Type I and II cells.
What are PAMs, where are they located in the respiratory system, and what do they do?
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages
In the lining cells or lumen of the alveolus
Ingest foreign material and move orally where they are swallowed and coughed out.
List the components of the blood-air barrier from air to blood.
Surfactant layer Type I pneumocyte Fused basal lamina Non-fenestrated capillary endothelium RBC wall
If a patient is suffering from reduced elasticity of their lung tissue and display large-fluid filled sacs in the septal connective tissue wall, what could be occurring?
Emphysema- reduced ability for gas exchange to occur at the blood-air barrier of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system.
Where does the blood come from that supply the alveolar capillaries?
The pulmonary artery branches
Which blood vessels provide nutritional supply to the lungs?
Bronchial arteries and is returned by the bronchial veins and pulmonary veins
Which lymphatic vessels drain the lungs?
Superficial and deep vessels
Which system supplies parasympathetic innervation to the lungs? What effect will this stimulus have?
Vagus nerve
Bronchoconstriction
Which system supplies sympathetic innervation to the lungs? What type of effect will this stimulus have?
Cervicothoracic ganglion
Bronchodilation
Name the order of bronchi in birds and the type of epithelial lining.
- Vestibulum- ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells to simple squamous
- Mesobronchi-ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells and intraepithelial mucous glands to simple squamous
- Secondary bronchi-simple cuboidal to columnar with no goblet cells
- Parabronchi-simple squamous to cuboidal
- Air vesicle-simple squamous
- Air capillary-simple squamous
What is the air-blood barrier in the bird?
- Thin squamous in air capillary
2.Fused basal lamina of squamous cells and capillary endothelium - Non-fenestrated capillary endothelium
- RBC wall
NO SURFACTANT LAYER TO START
What type of epithelium is the abdominal air sacs lines with?
Simple squamous to ciliated cuboidal
T/F: There is cartilage in the the mesobronchus and vestibulum.
False, there is NO cartilage
