Final Flashcards
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
1996
1) assistance to needy families so children can be cared for
2) end dependence of needy parents on government by promoting job prep, work, marriage
3) prevent out of wedlock pregnancies
4) encourage/ maintain two parent families
- This was a bill that both sides of the isle could agree on because the 1994 version spoke to much of employment and not enough of the family issue which republicans believed to be the real problem
- Aspect of SID, job opportunity, emphasis on getting people working
- Aspect of MUD, idea that single moms put themselves in poverty by having a kid when they can’t support it
Absolute Poverty
- Set amount black & white
- Certain amount of money that creates line between in and out of poverty
Relative Poverty
- Conceptualizes poverty
- Looks at persons ability to live life with dignity & autonomy
- Helps define deprivation culturally
- Ability to participate in society without feeling marginalized
- Being able to drive & take time of work to vote so you can register your vote
Material Poverty
- Healthcare, Home, Services you can have
- Silk shirt analogy
- For kids can be about not having certain things makes you feel marginalized
Non-Material Poverty
- Free Education,
- Things that you can’t exactly have but are crucial to having fullest ability to be in society
Griswold v Connecticut
- Supreme court case 1965
- That prohibiting contraceptives was a ban on marital privacy
- So contraceptives were available but only for married women
Triangle & Square
- Triangle: Market, State, Informal
- can be used in strong governments where the state can take on responsibility of helping people
- Social Democratic states
- Square: NGO’s, Market, State, Informal,
- In large weaker governments need to bring in NGO’s to help where the state cannot address needs of its people
- Need the most to decrease dependency on other/ bad things
- NGO’s were originally the church helping people
Poverty Regulations
Regulate work
Regulate sexuality
Protect property
Charitable impulse
MUD
Moralistic Underclass Discourse
- Dependency & a culture of poverty
- Republican thinking
- boot strap thinking, individualistic people put themselves in poverty
SID
Social Integrationist Discourse
- Emphasis on employment
- Integrating people to participate in society through employment & stable financial income
- Not all about subsidized programs more for getting people working
- Neoliberal thinking (kinda)
RED
Redistributive, Egalitarian Discourse
- Citizenship, social rights, social justice
- Democratic thinking
- Government & social movements should conquer relative elements of poverty
- Redistribute wealth to address imbalance
Negative & Positive Rights
Negative: the state must not (freedom from coercion & interference)
Positive: the state must (freedom to life worthy of human dignity)
T.H. Marshall
Supreme Court Justice
- Civil Rights (habeas corpus, freedom of religion, press, property)
- Political Rights (suffrage & freedom of speech)
- Social Rights (right to share in the social heritage: education, housing, nutrition, minimum wage, workplace rights)
Social Exclusion
-Marginalized societies excludes people from citizenship inclusion, decreases their voice, makes them feel other
2 track welfare
Male: income based, not intrusive based solely on numbers
Female: needs tested, intrusive, questions a woman’s practices/ legitimacy of way you live life to get assistance
-this practice takes women away from citizenship, marginalizing her further and taking away autonomy
Deserving & Underserving
- Allows governments to judge and make decisions on how to help poor without really addressing the issue
- Is an absolute measure of poverty, creating two categories poor and not poor (marginalizing allows for labeling)
- Others view you differently changing social citizenshio
Types of Agency
- Getting organized (strategic/ political): collectively working to change situation for all, can be hope filled, only way to create permanent change in poverty
- Getting out (strategic/ personal): changing an individuals situation, save now to make investment for better future
- Getting by (everyday/ personal): choices made to make it work right now, taking money from one place to use somewhere else. Arleen buys shoes for her son cause it’s better than waisting on water bill right then and there
- Getting back at (everyday/ political): showing who’s to blame for poverty, anger fueled, riots, theft, fraud, acts of defiance against the system
Autonomy
Being able to determine own life goals
Complete control of your own life which is achieved by having a voice & asserting your voice
Poverty stops this due to financial dependence, state/ assistance regulations, lack of social inclusion, citizenship
Universal & Selective Poverty
Universal: the programs available to all (school, library, parks etc) doesn’t marginalize works to help lowest and moves up, changes human capital and discourse(sweden)
Selective: programs only when apply or truly need them, TANF, SNAP etc. must show you don’t have enough to get help. does marginalize & leave people out, can’t help all
Civic Participation
- Civic participation most important in having your voice heard
- voices heard the least are from the poor, cause they cannot or do not participate in civic discourse at the same rate
Horizontal & Vertical Redistribution
Horizontal goes across generations, but in one time span to help all
Vertical goes from rich to poor
