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Intro Animal Science > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

As developing nations grow in affluence, the demand of what becomes especially strong?

A

meat

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2
Q

Why should Americans care if people in China eat more meat?

A

Because we produce the meat and if they eat more, we then have to produce more

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3
Q

List five ways animals contribute to the lives of humans

A
  1. clothing- wool
  2. money- live auction
  3. food-meat
  4. transportation- horses
  5. companionship- dogs
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4
Q

What are the three non-traditional animals used in agriculture?

A

Emu
Osterage
fish

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5
Q

Cattle meat

A

Beef

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6
Q

Chicken meat

A

Broiler

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7
Q

Goat meat

A

chevon

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8
Q

Sheep meat

A

lamb

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9
Q

Swine meat

A

pork

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10
Q

Lamb carcasses recieve a QUALITY and YEILD grade. What is the difference between these two USDA grades?

A

Yield is the fat % whereas quality is the grading of the meat such as its tenderness, marbeling, etc.

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11
Q

List four criteria used to determine beef yield grade

A
  1. 12th rib fat thickness
  2. 12th rib ribeye area
  3. % kidney, pelvic, and Heart fat
  4. hot carcass weight
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12
Q

List three beef quality grades

A
  1. Maturity- bones and meat color ( older the tougher)
  2. marbling-taste
  3. color- shelf life
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13
Q

What is the wholesale cut on pork

A

ham

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14
Q

what is the wholesale cut on beef

A

chuck

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15
Q

What is the wholesale cut on lamb

A

Leg

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16
Q

How to find carcass weight

A

(carcass weight / live weight) x 100

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17
Q

What is COLOSTRUM

A

the first milk of a cow. Rich in nutrients

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18
Q

Colostrum is very high in what specific protein compared to other milk?

A

immunoglogulin

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19
Q

This carbohydrate is found only in milk

A

lactose

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20
Q

This protien is found only in milk

A

casein

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21
Q

List two functions of the mammary gland

A
  1. Provide nutrition to offspring and humans

2. provide passive immunity through colostrum

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22
Q

What is the difference between homogenized and pasteurized?

A

Homogenized is the physical process where fat globules are reduced in size (cream rises to the top)
PAsteurized is the heating process to destroy bacteria and harmful pathogens in raw milk

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23
Q

List four classifications of poultry meat specific for chicken

A 
broilers
cornish game hen
poussin
fast food oriented broilet
3s and up
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24
Q

List five “parts” of a chicken carcass

A 
Breast
wings
drumsticks
though
neck
giblets
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25
Q

What is a leghorn

A

breed of chicken. Origin of laying strains

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26
Q

Why are eggs “candled”

A

ensure freedom of blood, meat spots, and cracks

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27
Q

What is the smallest egg size?

A

peewee

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28
Q

What does HACCP stand for?

A 
Hazard
Analysis
Critical
Contagious
Point
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29
Q

What kind of hazard has bacteria, viruses, yeast, and mold?

A

Biological

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30
Q

What kind of hazard has sanitizers, antibiotics, fly spray?

A

Chemical

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31
Q

What kind of hazard has metal or glass pieces?

A

Foreign objects/ solids. physical

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32
Q

Define Critical point

A

A poin tin which a circumstance is acknowledged as in “danger” or needs help to get back to a normal producing/clean state

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33
Q

Crimp wool/fiber

A

waves in wool

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34
Q

Cuticle wool/fiber

A

causes fibers to cling together

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35
Q

Follicle wool/fiber

A

Located in outter dermis; hair and wool grow here

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36
Q

Medulla wool/fiber

A

Fibers inner core

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37
Q

Staple wool/fiber

A

Fiber length

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38
Q

Difference between wool and hair?

A

Wool is a solid form whereas hair is hollow

-some fine wool doesnt even have a medulla

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39
Q

List three properties of wool that make it advantageous fiber?

A

Fire proof
absorbs dye
warmth/insulates

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40
Q

What is estrous?

A

the mensuration cycle

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41
Q

What is Estrus?

A

The state of being in heat

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42
Q

List two accessory glands of the male repro tract

A

Prostate

bulbourethral

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43
Q

Define Parturtion

A

the act of giving birth

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44
Q

List the male and female gametes

A

Sperm

egg

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45
Q

List three hormones produced during estrous

A

estrogen
lacternization
pastergen

46
Q

What is semen frozen in?

A

straws

47
Q

Where is milk stored prior to removal?

A

Alveoli

48
Q

Milk letdown

A

oxytocin

49
Q

What is oxytocin release inhibited by?

A

pain
loud noises
stressful stimuli

50
Q

Which sex is responsible for gender of offspring

A

Male

51
Q

Six classes of nutrients

A 
Water
Carbohydrates
fats
proteins
vitamins
minerals
52
Q

Most important nutrient?

A

water

53
Q

What do proteins contain

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

54
Q

Name four fat soluble vitmains

A

Vit. A, D, E, K

55
Q

Name five water soluble vitmains

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B12

56
Q

Name 3 Macro minerals

A

Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sodium

57
Q

Name 4 Micro minerals

A

Iron,
zinc
copper
cobalt

58
Q

Single form carbohydrates

A

Sugar and starches. simple stomach animals

59
Q

Complex form carbohydrates

A

ruminant animals

60
Q

Fats contain what?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

61
Q

Feed provides energy for 2 basic functions what are they

A

Maintenance- metabolism, body temp

Productions- growth, production of milk, eggs, wool

62
Q

define digestibility

A

Amount of feed nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract

63
Q

What are the four steps of Feed utilization

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Absorption
  3. Circulation
  4. Metabolism
64
Q

Feed Classifications (8)

A 
Dry Roughages and forages- hay
Range, pasture
silages-fermented corn
energy feeds- fruits nuts
protein supplements
mineral supplements
vitamin supplements
non-nutritive additives (color)
65
Q

Define digestion

A

breakdown of food.feed into smaller components that can be absorbed in the blood stream

66
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Chewing

67
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Saliva, stomach acid,

68
Q

Herbivore

A

plants

69
Q

Carnivore

A

meat

70
Q

Omnivore

A

plant and meat

71
Q

Examples of monogastic

A

swine, horses, chickens

72
Q

Polygastic

A

cattle, goats, sheep

73
Q

4 basic parts of digestive tract

A

Mouth
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

74
Q

Crop of chicken

A

Stores feed

75
Q

grandular stomach of chicken

A

secretes gastric juices

76
Q

Gizzard of chicken

A

Grinds feed into smaller particles

77
Q

Four parts of Ruminant digestive

A

Rumen-largest
Reticulum-honeycomb
omasum-many folds
abomasum-true stomach

78
Q

define myofiber

A

muscle fiber
individual muscle cell
multinucleated
ability to contract

79
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filament (red) protein

80
Q

Actin

A

Thin filament (blue) protein

81
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in cell volume and structure (size)

82
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number

83
Q

How to calculate Protein accretion ( hypertrophy)

A

Protien synthesis - protein degradation

84
Q

Ethology

A

the study of animals behavior in response to its environment

85
Q

Instinct

A

reflexes present at birth

86
Q

Habituation

A

No longer respond to a repeated stimulis

ex. scarecrow

87
Q

Conditioning

A

Associtation formed between action and reward

88
Q

Classical Contioning

A

Association made between unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus
ex. clicking with drool

89
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Animal learns a behavior as a result of the consequences (reinforcement) that follow the display of that behavior
ex. good dog

90
Q

Reasoning

A

The ability to correctly respond to a novel stimulus the first time

91
Q

Intelligence

A

The ability to lean and adjust with trial and error

92
Q

imprinting

A

young bonding to mother

caregiver

93
Q

Types of behavior

A 
Ingestive-eating
Eliminative- 
Allelomimetic- routine
Sexual
Care giving/seeking
Shelter seeking
Investigative
abnormal
94
Q

Define Animal health

A

The state of the individual animal in complete harmony with their environment

95
Q

Examples of Unhealthy animals

A 
Loss of appetite
depressed
droopy ears, lowered head, rough coat
seperates itself from herd
Respiratory problems
urine/fecal changes
elevated temp
96
Q

How to detect unhealthy animals

A 
Learn normal eating habits
normal fecal patterns
normal activity
observe the herd
learn sounds of commication of herd
97
Q

Physiological, anatomical, or chemical changes that differ from normal…..

A

symptoms

98
Q

Two types of disease

A

noninfectious- injury, toxins,

infectious- microorganisms in the body

99
Q

an infectious disease transmitted via infectious agent from animal to animal

A

contagious disease

100
Q

Mortality vs. morbidity

A

Mortality is the life worth the cost?

101
Q

Antiseptics

A

Applied to tissue

prevent growth of microoganisms

102
Q

Disinfectants

A

applied to inanimated objects

destroy pathogenic microorganisms

103
Q

Biological medications

A

prevent disease

104
Q

Pharmaceuticals

A

treat disease

105
Q

Topically meds

A

applied to skin

106
Q

orally meds

A

by mouth

107
Q

Injection meds

A

subcutaneous
intramuscular
intravenous

108
Q

the environment which animals are exposed directly affects their ability to…

A

reproduce
resist disease
treated humanely

109
Q

What is animal productivity influenced by?

A

genetics

and different environmental factors

110
Q

Intensive management

A

fit the environment to the livestock

111
Q

extensive management

A

fit the livestock to the environment

112
Q

Four ways heat is gained or lost by the animal

A

radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation

Intro Animal Science (1 decks)

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