Final Flashcards
What is a juvenile delinquent
Any minor who violated or attempts to violate the law prior to their 18th birthday.
What is the lowest age of majority for juvenile delinquents and what are the ages in New York and North Carolina
Lowest age for criminal offence is 16
NY: seven years
NC: six years
What is the cause that focuses on rising the age of majority
Roper v Simmons
What percentage of violent and property crime do juveniles account for
Violent: 17%
Property: 26%
How many cases in the McLean 100 showed signs of mental health issues
56% in 15/16 cases
What are the percentages for parents in the home with the McLean 100?
20% no biological parent
15% 2 biological parents
65% one biological parent
What are the percentages for parental criminal history in the McLean 100?
42% no criminal record 58% criminal record 47% mother 72% father 81% of parents with criminal history are black
What is parens Patriae
When the court acts as a substitute parent for a juvenile (ward of the court)
What is a bench trial
Judge hears all evidence, no jury and judge decides guilt
What is excluded jurisdiction
Statutory waiver
Any minor at least 16 at crime charges w first degree murder or aggravated criminal sexual assault or aggravated battery w firearm
Charged as adults
What is a presumptive transfer
Judicial waiver
Have to go before judge and ask to be taken to adult court
Forcible felony or previous felony conviction or further gang activity on second felony
What is a discretionary transfer
13+
Any offence
No longer good idea to keep in juvenile court
Looks at severity of offence
What is concurrent jurisdiction and extended jurisdiction
13+
Any felony offence
Hearing for seriousness of offence and prior record
If found guilty will get two sentences one as an adult and one as a child
If violate will move from juvenile to adult
What are the five main functions of a community corrections officer
Enforce supervision conditions Motivate offenders Brokering Investigations and report writing Victim assistance
What are the four types of officers
Law enforcer
Therapeutic agents
Synethic agents
Time servers
How do you get a community corrections job
Appointed (IL): apply w admin office of courts
Merit system: mainly state. Competitive exam then placed on ranked list
In the federal system how many districts permit officers to hold firearms
85 out of 94
How many states mandate the carrying of firearms for juvenile offenders
15
What is role ambiguity and role conflict
A: may have difficulty handling the broad discretion they have over clients
C: difficulty reconciling enforcement v support.
Which state has the most probationers in private probation companies
Georgia
What is the statistics for prisoner re entry
95% return to
80% released on discretionary
20% released after entire sentence
What are collateral consequences
Civil or political rights that are lost temporarily in some cases or permantely following a felony offence
What is a surety bond?
Certificates signed by a principal and third party promise to pay employer jf failure to perform.
What is the equal opportunity commission policy
An applicant cannot be dented solely because of a felony conviction unless it coincides with the job position.
Which states prohibit employers from asking about arrests
MA
NY
WI
Which case allowed ex felons to lose the right to vote
Richardson v Ramirez: 1970s
Which states allow felons to vote
Maine and Vermont
Which case banned firearm ownership at a federal level for felons
Beecham v us
What two welfare support systems do drug offenders lose
Supplementary security income
Social security disability
What is temporary assistance for needy families act
Federal
Denies food stamps and welfare benefits to anyone convicted of the possession or sale of controlled substances but allows states to modify.
13 lost - 11 kept
