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Bio 160 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the simplest unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment is an?

A

Organism

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3
Q

______ is defined as metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products

A

Respiration

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4
Q

_____ is an increase in weight or size

A

Growth

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5
Q

______ is the process whereby light energy is captured by plant, algal, or bacterial cells and is used to synthesis organic molecules from CO2 and H2O

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

______ is the process where living organisms regulate their cells and Codie’s to maintain relatively stable internal conditions.

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

The generation of offspring by sexual or asexual means is called

A

Reproduce

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8
Q

_______ is defined as a series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism; the underlying process that gives rise to the structure and function of living organisms

A

Development

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9
Q

_____ is the genetic material that provides a blueprint for the organization, development and function of living things.

A

DNA

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10
Q

A _____ is a unit of heredity that contributes to the characteristics or traits of an organism(an organized sequence of DNA)

A

Gene

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11
Q

A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment is a what?

A

Organism

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12
Q

If something is _____ it is able to be passed from parent to offspring.

A

Heritable

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13
Q

_____ is defined as the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Also, a specific set of chemical reactions occurring at the cellular level.

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

_____ is defined as the phenomenon that populations or organisms change from one generation to the next. As a result, some organisms become successful at survival and reproduction.

A

Evolve(evolution)

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15
Q

When a molecule is able to form a hydrogen bond the molecule is said to be?

A

Hydrophilic(polar bond)

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16
Q

Polar molecules tend to associate with one another( or with other polar molecules) this interaction is called?

A

Hydrogen bond

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17
Q

If a molecule is unable to form a hydrogen (polar) bond it is said to be?

A

Hydrophobic

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18
Q

When atoms permanently exchange electrons ______ are formed.

A

Ions

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19
Q

The original substances are called?

A

Reactants

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20
Q

A ______ ________ occurs when one or more substances are changed into other substances by the making or breaking of chemical bonds

A

Chemical reactions

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21
Q

______ is to speed up the rate at which chemical reactions occur catalyst

A

Catayst

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22
Q

The new substances of chemical reaction is called

A

Products

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23
Q

Substances dissolved in liquid are known as

A

Solutes

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24
Q

Together solutes and solvent crest a substance known as

A

Solution

25
Q

The liquid in which solutes are dissolved is known as

A

Solvent

26
Q

When something is ______ hydrogen comes off when reacted with water

A

Ionizes

27
Q

The concentration of H+ is a solution is expressed as the solutions

A

pH

28
Q

When water ionizes it forms positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged ______.

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

29
Q

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution is referred to as ______.

A

An acid

30
Q

_______ are compounds that minimize fluctuations in pH in a solution. They are an important homeostatic mechanisms in living systems.

A

Buffers

31
Q

_____ _____ are carbon containing molecules

A

Organic molecules

32
Q

________ is a substance that, when added to water lowers the concentration of H+(due to the release of OH-) this substances increase the pH of a solution.

A

Base

33
Q

Molecules with predominately hydrogen-carbon bonds are called

A

Hydrocarbons

34
Q

_____ are organic molecules that can be used to form larger molecules (polymers) consisting of many repeating units of the monomer

A

Monomers

35
Q

_____ are many molecules bonded together to make a polymer or a large molecule formed by linking many smaller molecules called monomers

A

Macromolecules/polymers

36
Q

A chemical reaction that utilizes the water to break apart molecules is a

A

Hydrolysis reaction

37
Q

_____ are organic molecules often with the general formula C(H2O); includes starches, sugars, and cellulose.

A

Carbohydrates

38
Q

What is a carbohydrate made up of two monosaccharides?

A

A disaccharide

39
Q

Simple sugar

A

Monosaccharides

40
Q

A chemical reaction that utilizes the water to break apart molecules is a ______.

A

Hydrolysis reaction

41
Q

_______ reaction are chemical reactions in which two or more molecules are combined into a larger molecule by covenant bonding, with the loss of a small molecule or a type of reaction in which the small molecule that is lost is water

A

Condensation/dehydration reaction

42
Q

A ______ is many monosaccharides linked to form long polymers

A

Polysaccharide

43
Q

A _____ is a functional unit composed of one or more polypeptides- each polypeptide is composed of a linear sequence of amino scores

A

Proteins

44
Q

_______ are a class of lipids that are similar in structure to triglycerides, but the third hydroxyl group of glycerol is linked to a phosphate group instead of a fatty acid; a key component of biological membranes

A

Phospholipids

45
Q

Covenant bond that links to amino acids in a protein

A

Peptide bond

46
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids(20) held together by peptide bonds

47
Q

Make up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a base

A

Nucleotide

48
Q

A ______ is a molecule composed predominately of hydrogen and carbon atoms, that is non polar and therefore very insoluble in water

A

Lipid (includes fats, triglycerides, phospholipids, waxed, and steroids.

49
Q

Made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group of a base

A

Nucleotide

50
Q

An organic molecule composed of nucleotides is called _____, the two types are DNA and RNA.

A

Nucleic acid

51
Q

______ is a central theory of biology that states new cells only come from pre-existing cells

A

Cell theory

52
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Surrounds the cell and is made up of proteins and lipids

53
Q

Structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made

A

Ribosomes

54
Q

No membrane bound structure(single cell organism)

A

Prokaryotic

55
Q

What is flagella?

A

Long tail like cell parts used and is mainly for movement. Sperm cells.

56
Q

Fluid outside of the nucleus

A

Cytosol

57
Q

Is composed of DNA and associated proteins (sometimes called chromatin)

A

Chromosome

58
Q

Has membrane bound organelles, nucleus.

A

Eukaryotic

59
Q

_____ is a central theory of biology that states new cells only come from pre-existing cells

A

Cell theory

Bio 160 (1 decks)

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