Final Flashcards
What is the simplest unit of life?
Cell
A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment is an?
Organism
______ is defined as metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products
Respiration
_____ is an increase in weight or size
Growth
______ is the process whereby light energy is captured by plant, algal, or bacterial cells and is used to synthesis organic molecules from CO2 and H2O
Photosynthesis
______ is the process where living organisms regulate their cells and Codie’s to maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
Homeostasis
The generation of offspring by sexual or asexual means is called
Reproduce
_______ is defined as a series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism; the underlying process that gives rise to the structure and function of living organisms
Development
_____ is the genetic material that provides a blueprint for the organization, development and function of living things.
DNA
A _____ is a unit of heredity that contributes to the characteristics or traits of an organism(an organized sequence of DNA)
Gene
A living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment is a what?
Organism
If something is _____ it is able to be passed from parent to offspring.
Heritable
_____ is defined as the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Also, a specific set of chemical reactions occurring at the cellular level.
Metabolism
_____ is defined as the phenomenon that populations or organisms change from one generation to the next. As a result, some organisms become successful at survival and reproduction.
Evolve(evolution)
When a molecule is able to form a hydrogen bond the molecule is said to be?
Hydrophilic(polar bond)
Polar molecules tend to associate with one another( or with other polar molecules) this interaction is called?
Hydrogen bond
If a molecule is unable to form a hydrogen (polar) bond it is said to be?
Hydrophobic
When atoms permanently exchange electrons ______ are formed.
Ions
The original substances are called?
Reactants
A ______ ________ occurs when one or more substances are changed into other substances by the making or breaking of chemical bonds
Chemical reactions
______ is to speed up the rate at which chemical reactions occur catalyst
Catayst
The new substances of chemical reaction is called
Products
Substances dissolved in liquid are known as
Solutes
Together solutes and solvent crest a substance known as
Solution
The liquid in which solutes are dissolved is known as
Solvent
When something is ______ hydrogen comes off when reacted with water
Ionizes
The concentration of H+ is a solution is expressed as the solutions
pH
When water ionizes it forms positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged ______.
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution is referred to as ______.
An acid
_______ are compounds that minimize fluctuations in pH in a solution. They are an important homeostatic mechanisms in living systems.
Buffers
_____ _____ are carbon containing molecules
Organic molecules
________ is a substance that, when added to water lowers the concentration of H+(due to the release of OH-) this substances increase the pH of a solution.
Base
Molecules with predominately hydrogen-carbon bonds are called
Hydrocarbons
_____ are organic molecules that can be used to form larger molecules (polymers) consisting of many repeating units of the monomer
Monomers
_____ are many molecules bonded together to make a polymer or a large molecule formed by linking many smaller molecules called monomers
Macromolecules/polymers
A chemical reaction that utilizes the water to break apart molecules is a
Hydrolysis reaction
_____ are organic molecules often with the general formula C(H2O); includes starches, sugars, and cellulose.
Carbohydrates
What is a carbohydrate made up of two monosaccharides?
A disaccharide
Simple sugar
Monosaccharides
A chemical reaction that utilizes the water to break apart molecules is a ______.
Hydrolysis reaction
_______ reaction are chemical reactions in which two or more molecules are combined into a larger molecule by covenant bonding, with the loss of a small molecule or a type of reaction in which the small molecule that is lost is water
Condensation/dehydration reaction
A ______ is many monosaccharides linked to form long polymers
Polysaccharide
A _____ is a functional unit composed of one or more polypeptides- each polypeptide is composed of a linear sequence of amino scores
Proteins
_______ are a class of lipids that are similar in structure to triglycerides, but the third hydroxyl group of glycerol is linked to a phosphate group instead of a fatty acid; a key component of biological membranes
Phospholipids
Covenant bond that links to amino acids in a protein
Peptide bond
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids(20) held together by peptide bonds
Make up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a base
Nucleotide
A ______ is a molecule composed predominately of hydrogen and carbon atoms, that is non polar and therefore very insoluble in water
Lipid (includes fats, triglycerides, phospholipids, waxed, and steroids.
Made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group of a base
Nucleotide
An organic molecule composed of nucleotides is called _____, the two types are DNA and RNA.
Nucleic acid
______ is a central theory of biology that states new cells only come from pre-existing cells
Cell theory
What does a plasma membrane do?
Surrounds the cell and is made up of proteins and lipids
Structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made
Ribosomes
No membrane bound structure(single cell organism)
Prokaryotic
What is flagella?
Long tail like cell parts used and is mainly for movement. Sperm cells.
Fluid outside of the nucleus
Cytosol
Is composed of DNA and associated proteins (sometimes called chromatin)
Chromosome
Has membrane bound organelles, nucleus.
Eukaryotic
_____ is a central theory of biology that states new cells only come from pre-existing cells
Cell theory
