Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ab Psych Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Hippocrates

A

Imbalance of 4 body fluids (black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Byzantine physicians rationalize etiologies of mental illness

A

4th-15th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Demon possession timeframe

A

16th century onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vincenzo Chiarugi

A

Reformer from Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phillippe Pinel

A

Reformer from France- moral therapy (cure them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

William Turke

A

Reformer from England- Philanthropist who donated to moral therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

Reformer from USA, Father of American Psych, Seal of APA, used blood letting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Reformer from USA- brought moral therapy to England, lobbied Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most recent Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

DSM-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many disorders are mentioned in DSM-5

A

over 300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a mental disorder?

A

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Distress/Disability

A

Egodystonia, disabled functioning, decreased autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Maladaptiveness

A

Actions hinder goal attainment, well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Irrationality

A

Acts/talks in ways incomprehensible to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Unpredictability

A

Uncontrollable, erratic behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Unconventionality/Statistical rarity

A

Behaviors violate standards of acceptability/desirability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Observer discomfort

A

Others feel threatened/distressed because of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aspect of Abnormality: Violation of ideal/moral standards

A

Ex. Person is an atheist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thomas Szasz

A

Book: The Myth of Mental Illness (1961)
Mental illness= a stigmatizing social construct
Once labelled “abnormal” the patient will conform to that label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

David Rosenhan (1973)

A

8 pseudo patients faked being delusional to get into a psych hospital.
None were detected by staff as being “normal”
Range of stay 7-52 days. Avg=19 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Advantages of experimental designs

A

Cause-effect established, control of extraneous variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disadvantages of experimental designs

A

Artificial, may not be practical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Symbol for correlation method

A

r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When is correlation method used

A

When experimental method is not ethical/practical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Disadvantage of correlation method

A

Cannot establish cause-effect, strength of relationship (high= 0.7 - 1.0)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the 4 psychometrics

A

Reliability, Validity, Content, Construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MMPI, BDI, EDI, RSES, STA

A

Standard Testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Types of Structure

A

unstructured, semi-structured, structured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Case Study

A

1 person, stereotyping, in depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Disadvantage of Case Study

A

Generalizing to others in population is ill-advised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mental Status Exam

A 
Appearance/behavior
Orientation
Thought content/language
Affect/mood
Perceptual experiences
Sense of self
Motivation
Cognitive Functioning
Insight/judgment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Reliability

A

Does the test yield consistent scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Validity

A

Does the test measure what it says it measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CAT scan

A

X-rays measure density of brain structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

MRI

A

Radio waves cause H atoms in the brain to release energy -> computer image of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

fMRI (functional)

A

Measures blood and O2 flow

Both structural and functional info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

PET (Positron Emission)

A

Radioactive glucose injected into bloodstream

Glucose metabolism measured -> indicates level of neural activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Differential Diagnosis #1

A

Rule out a substance-related etiology (drug abuse, meds, toxins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Differential Diagnosis #2

A

Rule out etiology related to general medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Differential Diagnosis #3

A

Determine specific primary disorder (If comorbidity -> establish principal diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Differential Diagnosis #4

A

Determine if adjustment disorder present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Differential Diagnosis #5

A

Establish boundary between mental disorder and no mental disorder (gray area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Differential Diagnosis #6

A

Rule out factitious disorder or malingering (faking it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Egodystonia

A

Symptoms are distressing/troubling to patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Comorbidity

A

2+ diagnoses simultaneously present in a patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Insight

A

Patient’s knowledge/understanding of the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Prognosis

A

Projected course of an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Etiology

A

Apparent course of an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Insanity

A

A legal term; describes a person determined to have a mental illness and/or is not “mentally competent” to stand trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

John Hinckley

A

Attempted assassination of Reagan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Dan Sickles

A

Congressmen who Shot and killed his wife’s lover in 1859. Acquitted because he claimed insanity. Rose to Major General, lost right leg, received medal of honor

52
Q

Biopsychosocial Theory

A

Physical/mental wellness is a function of three interconnected factors:

Biological factors
Genetics, NS, diseases, viruses, tumors

Psychological factors
Coping styles, locus of control, cognitive appraisal

Social factors
Support networks (e.g., family, friends), occupational settings, church
53
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Sigmund Freud.
“The Unconscious”- Reservoir of instinctual drives,
storehouse of thoughts & wishes that are concealed from conscious awareness

54
Q

Id

A

The Pleasure Principle- immediate gratification of needs; wish fulfillment. Biological drives

55
Q

Ego

A

The Reality Principle- Mediates between Id’s demands and reality’s constraints. Conscious, rational, decision-making aspect.

56
Q

Superego

A

The Conscience- Represents ideals, moral standards of society as conveyed to the child by his/her parents

57
Q

Behavioral Theory

A

Operant Conditoning: Learning by way of reinforcement and punishment
Classical Cond: Forming associations between reflexive response and unrelated stiumuls

58
Q

Modeling

A

Imitating the behavior of another

59
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

A

Maladaptive behavior/illness stems from faulty belief sets/automatic thoughts -> poor decision-making -> dysfunctional behavior

60
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
People are basically good, disorders arise from environmental stimulus that interfere w/ personal growth and fulfillment, conditions of worth, and unconditional positive regard

61
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Increased arousal associated w/ generalized feelings of apprehension or fear

62
Q

How many people experience symptoms of anxiety?

A

1 in 4

63
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

6+ months of persistent anxiety

More common in women (60%)

64
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Moderate anxiety and recurrent unexpected panic attacks
More common in women (2:1 ratio)
ABC Reporter Dan Harris

65
Q

Meds for panic disorder

A

benzodiazepines and antidepressants

66
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear/anxiety in public transportation, being in open spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside the home alone; escape may be difficult/embarrassing. Females 2x more likely

67
Q

Monophobia

A

Being outside the home alone

68
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Fear persists for 6+ months.
TX: cognitive, behavioral
women 2x more likely

69
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Characterized by seemingly unpreventable repetitious behaviors and/or recurrent modes of thought

70
Q

Characteristics of Obsessions

A

Recurrent/persistent thoughts, urges, and/or images that are intrusive & unwanted
Other thoughts/actions adopted to suppress, ignore, or neutralize the thoughts
Person recognizes thoughts as coming from his/her mind

71
Q

Characteristics of Compulsion

A

Repetitive behaviors/mental acts performed as a result of obsession or according to rigidly-applied rules
Aimed at reducing/preventing distress or some dreaded situation/event
Behaviors are clearly excessive and may not realistically be connected to what they’re designed to prevent

72
Q

Treatment of OCD

A

Meds, cognitive, behavioral

73
Q

Greg Valentino

A

Muscle Dysmorphia

74
Q

PTSD is diagnosable after how many months of symptoms

A

For 1+ month

75
Q

mTBI

A

mild Traumatic Brain Injury

76
Q

Anhedonia

A

Can’t experience pleasure

77
Q

Treatment of PTSD

A

meds, behavioral, CBT-type approach (exposure therapy)

78
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Disruption in consiousness, identity, memory, emotion, or sensory/motor behavior. Recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events, important personal info, or traumatic events
SYX onset usually trauma

79
Q

Dissociative fugues

A

Leaving normal locations

80
Q

Treatment of Dissociative Disorder

A

Hypnosis and long-term supportive treatment

81
Q

William Milligan

A

Arrested in 1977 for rape, two suicidal attempts

Found 10 personalities, pleaded insanity (not guilty)

82
Q

Percentage of M&F Eating Disorders

A

90% women for anorexia and bulimia nervosa

2:1 female to male ratio for Binge-eating disorder

83
Q

Highest mortality rate in DSM

A

Anorexia nervosa

84
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Restricting and binge/purge

85
Q

Health consequences of anorexia

A 
slow heart rate and low BP
Osteoporosis
Muscle loss
Dehydration
Lanugo (peach fuzz hair growth over the body)
Dry hair and skin
86
Q

Health consequences of bulimia

A 
Frequent weight change
Lethargy
Sore throat, tooth decay
Poor skin
Abdominal pain from laxative use
87
Q

Dysphoria

A

Gloominess, sadness, despair

88
Q

Major Depressive Disorder criteria needs

A

Criteria must be present for 2+ week period

89
Q

MDD must contain 1 of these 2

A

Depressed mode more often than not OR Anhedonia

90
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Dysthymia- Depressed mood for minimum of 2 years. Criteria haven’t left in 2+ month period

91
Q

Biological Etiology of Depressive Dis

A

Low levels of 5-HT, NE
Decreased volume of PFC, hippocampus
Strong genetic link (67%)

92
Q

Psychodynamic Etiology of Depressive Dis

A

Depression stems from unresolved unconscious conflicts/hostilities held over from childhood

93
Q

Behavioral Etiology of Depressive Dis

A

Insufficient positive reinforcers, and too many punishers

94
Q

Cognitive Etiology of Depressive Dis

A 
Cognitive Triad (Aaron Beck)
Negative views of self, ongoing experiences, and future.

Explanatory Style (Martin Seligman)- learned helplessness

95
Q

Tx of Depressive Disorders

A

CBT, antidepressants (Tricyclics, MAOIs, SSRIs), ketamine, ECT (last resort for severe depression/mania

96
Q

Side effects of ECT

A

Short-term confusion, temporary memory loss

97
Q

Bipolar Disorder I- Manic episode criteria

A

Abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood OR increased goal-directed activity atleast 1+ week

98
Q

Bipolar I

A

Manic episodes are pleasurable, may believe they have super powers, may become hostile
Age onset 18-25

99
Q

Bipolar II

A

Either currently having, or have had, either a Major Dep Episode or a Hypomanic Episode

100
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Numerous periods over 2 years of hypomanic symptoms with depressive symptoms

101
Q

Word for Cycling in Bipolar Dis

A

Lability

102
Q

Biological Etiology of Bipolar Dis

A 
Manic state = increased levels of 5-HT, NE
Genetic Link (twin studies = 74%)
103
Q

Psychodynamic Etiology of Bipolar Dis

A

Mania= Buffers person from depression/gloom that would arise from perceived inadequacy/helplessness

104
Q

Behavioral Etiology of Bipolar Dis

A

No comprehensive theories

Bipolar disorder may be exacerbated by negative life events

105
Q

Cognitive Etiology of Bipolar Dis

A

Inability to effectively regulate emotions, solve daily problems

106
Q

Pharmacological Tx of Bipolar

A

Mood stabilizers (lithium, depakote, topamax)

107
Q

Neurocognitive Disorder

A

Refers to Delirium and a host of illnesses that cause mild or major cognitive deficits

108
Q

6 Cognitive Domains (mild or major) of NCDs

A

Complex attention (sustained/divided attention)
Executive Function (Planning/decision-making)
Learning and memory (Recent memory, very LTM)
Language (Expressive/receptive language)
Perceptual-motor (praxis, gnosis)
Social Cognition (Recognizing emotions)

109
Q

Praxis

A

Gestures

110
Q

Gnosis

A

Inability to recognize things

111
Q

Aphasia

A

ability to recall words

112
Q

Major NCD and Minor NCD

A

Major- does interfere with capacity for independence. Minor does not interfere

113
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease markers

A

cortical atrophy/ enlarged ventricles

Beta-amyloid plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles

114
Q

Autism Spectrum Dis

A

Persistent deficits in:

  • social-emotional reciprocity
  • nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
  • developing, maintaining, and/or understanding relationships
115
Q

General characteristics of Autism

A 
Comorbid intellectual/language impairment
Motor deficits common
Self-injurious behavior
Odd responses to sensory Stimulus
Abnormalities in eating, sleeping, mood
116
Q

Autism

A

Prevalence- 4x more likely in males
SYX evident by age 2
37-90% genetic

117
Q

Treatment for Autism

A

Behavior Therapy, start before age 4. long-term needs

118
Q

Cluster A

A

Odd or eccentric behavior

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal PD

119
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic PD

120
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious or fearfulness

Avoidant, dependent, OCPD

121
Q

Paranoid PD

A

Unwarranted feelings of persecution
Mistrust almost everyone
Hypersensitive to criticism
Strong fear of being exploited, losing control or autonomy

122
Q

Borderline PD

A

Unstabable personal relationships, mood swings, often impulsive, sometimes suicidal, frantic efforts to avoid abandonment

123
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Grandiosity, sense of being entitled, special, need for power/status/success/admiration
Exploitation of others for personal benefit
Humiliated/hurt/ashamed/enraged when exposed to small slights

124
Q

Antisocial

A

Deceitfulness, repeated law-breaking, basic disregard for rights of others
Impulsive, aggressive, lack of remorse for mistreatment of others
Superficially charming

125
Q

Schizoid

A

Detachment from social relationships; loner
Restricted range of emotional expression
No desire for close friendships, relationships
Prefer solitary activities
No interest in sexual relationships

Ab Psych Final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions