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GNED 1203 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Study in Section 1

A

Examine ways in which environment shapes culture
(attributes of environment affect groups of people in which ways)
How people have adapted and how its shaped their culture

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2
Q

Types of Culture

A

Hunter/Gatherer
Food Producing
Industrial/Modern

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3
Q

What is a culture?

A

Way of life typical of a group
System of meanings, symbols and schemata transmitted through symbolic codes
Set of adaptive strategies for survival related to ecology and resources
Cultures are learned, give us tools on how to deal with problems, can change

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4
Q

Aspects of Culture:

A 
Patterns of subsistence
Economic Systems
Marriage and Kinship
Social Groups
Political Organization/Social Control
Religion, Magic and World View
The Arts
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5
Q

Patterns of Subsistence

A

How to get food.

Hunter/gatherer
Food Producing
Industiral

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6
Q

Hunter/Gatherer

A

Oldest and most basic, mobile

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7
Q

Food Producing

A

Farming, Pastoralism, Settlements

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8
Q

Industrial

A

Surplus produced, supply and demand

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9
Q

Economic Systems

A 
Division of Labour
Control of Land
Capital
Technology
Reciprocity
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10
Q

Marriage and Kinship

A

Family Structure
Descent
Residence

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11
Q

Family Structure

A

Nuclear or consanguine

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12
Q

Descent

A

Lineage and Clan membership

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13
Q

Residence

A

Matrilocal, patrilocal, ambilocal, neolocal

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14
Q

Social Groups

A

Stratified vs egalitarian
Class and caste
Mobility to change one’s class position

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15
Q

Political Organization and Social Control

A

Means to maintain order within and manage affairs externally
Band, tribe, chiefdom, state
Laws and unbreakable traditions
Adherence

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16
Q

Religion, Magic and World View

A

Animism
Pantheons
Practitioners
Functions

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17
Q

Animism

A

Spirit beings though to animate nature

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18
Q

Pantheons

A

Gods and Goddesses

19
Q

Practitioners

A

Ministers, Shamens

20
Q

Functions

A

Explain the unkown, making it understandable, comfort in belief that supernatural aid is available, sanction right and wrong, social solidarity

21
Q

The Arts

A

Myth and Legends preserve culture

Music, crafts, visual arts

22
Q

Ontology

A

Study of the nature of being

23
Q

Epistemology

A

Study how beliefs become warranted

24
Q

Biocentric

A

Environment/nature focused.
Deep Ecology
All forms of life have intrinsic value

25
Q

Biocentrism

A

Ethical perspective holding that all life deserves equal moral consideration or as equal moral standing

26
Q

Antropocentric

A

Human focused, regards humankind as the central or most important element of existence, esp. as opposed to God or animals

27
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Culture focused, evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one’s own culture

28
Q

Types of Connections Humans have to Nature and the Environment

A

Dependence

Identity

29
Q

Dependence on Nature

A

Satisfies need or facilitates activities (livelihood, recreation, social needs)

30
Q

Identity with Nature

A

Define oneself through the relationship between oneself and nature (time spent, supporting or sustaining, cultural)

31
Q

Prevailing opinions on Religion and Science

A
  1. Religious ideas are natural while scientific ideas are unnatural (have to learn science)
  2. Religion is characterized by a personal understand of the world while science is characterized by an impersonal understanding
  3. Religion is characterized by emotion and science by rationality (religion uses belief to explain, science uses facts)
32
Q

Stages defining relationship between humans and nature

A
  1. Created Earth
  2. Environmental relativism (environment shaped culture)
  3. Human’s role as modifiers (modify to our benefit)
33
Q

Categories of Interpretation

A

Spiritual (Faith)
Scientific (Fact)
Social (Emotion)

34
Q

Spirituality

A

Belief system based on faith not fact

35
Q

Types of Spirituality

A

Monotheist Religions
Pantheist
Eastern Relgions

36
Q

Monotheist Religions

A

God created the earth for us and we are superior to other beings because we are made in the image of God

37
Q

Pantheist approach

A

God is present in all creatures and humans are the stewards

38
Q

Eastern Religions

A

Stronger sense of humility and living in harmony with nature

39
Q

Arne Naess

A

Norwegian philosopher and mountaineer

Created Deep Ecology

40
Q

Nature is Valued in these ways:

A

Existence Value (Biocentric)
Value of Sentient being
Economic Value
Utilitarian Value

41
Q

Existence Value

A

Intrinsic value = existence value

Bequest natural environments to future generations

42
Q

Value of the Senient being

A

All living things have equal value

43
Q

Economic Calue

A

Anthropocentric
Total Use Value = Actual use value + option value
Actual use refers to direct benefit (fishing)

44
Q

Utilitarian Value

A

Felt should be valued

GNED 1203 (1 decks)

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