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Needs Assessment Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is Needs Assesment

A

is a systematic process for determining and addressing needs, or “gaps” between
current conditions and desired conditions or “wants”. The discrepancy between the current condition and wanted condition must be measured to appropriately identify the need. The need can be a desire to improve current performance or to correct a problem.

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2
Q

What are the two types of Needs Assesment

A

Problem and Opportunity

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3
Q

What is the “is”

A

The exisiting operation, its configuration, and its performance.

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4
Q

What is the should be

A

The planned operation, its specified configuration, and its expected performance.

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5
Q

What is information we need when doing a Needs Assessment

A

Optimals, Goals, Actuals, Feelings

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6
Q

What are 3 sources of information

A

Interviews, Focus Groups, observation and participation

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7
Q

Where do we get data

A

Experts, competitors, customers, vendors

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8
Q

What are barriers

A

you seek the cause(s) of current problems and anticipate what might become a problem.

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9
Q

What are the types of barriers

A

Skills and Knowledge, motivation, environment, Incentives and communication

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10
Q

What are things to watch out for

A

Bias, scope creep and The Fear of Failure

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11
Q

What are 5 characteristics of a problem solver

A

Logical, intuitive, common sense, focus, communication skills

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12
Q

What are 5 leadership principles

A

Disagreement can lead either to hard feelings or to innovation, depending on the discussion leadership
, The “idea-getting” process

should be separated from

the “idea-evaluation” process

Solutions suggested by the leader are improperly evaluated
, Encourage full participation.
, The starting point of a problem is the richest in solution alternatives

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13
Q

What is decomposition

A

Recursive, data, functional, conditional

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14
Q

What is recursive

A

Continuously break into subs until trivial

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15
Q

What is data

A

Similar structure (input, output, description,…)

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16
Q

What is functional

A

Related/dependent steps in a process

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17
Q

What is conditional

A

If – Then

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18
Q

What is Bias

A

prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question

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19
Q

What are 3 bias types

A

Socially correct
Wording
Interviewer

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20
Q

What is the objective of brainstorming

A

Generate ideas

Build on others’ ideas

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21
Q

What are 2 rules of brainstorming

A

NO criticism

Encourage quantity

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22
Q

What is the brainstorming process

A 
Introduce rules
Assign Leader & Secretary
Introduce topic
Get ideas
Organize ideas
Get more ideas
Summarize and Report
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23
Q

What are the types of group dynamics

A

Individual, Team, task

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24
Q

What are the 3 individual dynamics

A

Role
Fit
Conflict

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25
What are the 3 team dynamics
Process Resources : Time / Talent / Treasury Backing
26
What are the 2 task dynamics
Recommendation / Decision | Output
27
What are 3 Group Dynamics
Motivation Conflict Creativity
28
What is group norms
written or unwritten rules of conduct
29
What are 3 group Task needs
Initiate ideas Clarify ideas Request action from others
30
What are 3 group maintenance needs
Release tension Support Encourage
31
What is groupthink
Excessive cohesion | Situation when group is TOO cohesive
32
What are 2 symptoms of groupthink
Sharing stereotypes | Not expressing true feelings
33
What are 2 results of groupthink
Examining few alternatives | Not critically examining ideas
34
What are 2 solutions of groupthink
Have leaders remain impartial | Divide into sub-groups and then discuss differences
35
What are 2 types of group decision making
Majority vote and Consensus
36
Why use the majority vote process
Good when time is lacking | Most members buy-in
37
Why use the consensus vote process
Most effective, but takes the most time | Commitment by all members
38
What is a construct
Something that may not really exist in a tangible sense, but it’s useful to pretend it does.
39
What are 2 examples of constructs for politeness
smiling, eye contact
40
What is cost benefit analysis
An analysis that weighs the expected costs of persuing a project versus the benefits that the project is expected to generate
41
What are 3 points about cost benefit analysis
Costs are all negative cash flows and all disadvantages Benefits are all positive cash flows and all intangible benefits Weighted by risk and time value
42
What are 3 adjustment examples in a cost benefit analysis
Time value of money, What if conditions “drift” | , risk
43
Operational Definition
is a procedure agreed upon for translation of a concept into measurement of some kind."
44
What is not an operational definition
is not an absolute truth
45
Why is an operational definition important
It is particularly important when a decision is being made about whether something is correct or incorrect, or when a visual check is being made where there is room for confusion.
46
When should an operational definition be made
before the collection of data begins.
47
What is the process to get an operational definition
``` Identify the characteristic of interest. Select the measuring instrument. Describe the test method. State the decision criteria. Document the operational definition. Test the operational definition. ```
48
What is observation
is watching “life in action”
49
What is a detached observer
Observed people don’t know they’re being watched
50
What is an active participant
Observed people don’t know why they’re being watched
51
What happens when we begin observing a situation
we risk changing it
52
What is a pro and con of Detached Observation
Easier to remain anonymous | No intimate knowledge
53
What is a pro and con of active observation
More complete understanding of the data Easy to get involved
54
What is the observation process
Pinpointing Counting Charting
55
What us pinpointing
Constructs and Operational Definitions
56
What are assumptions
You can have a good idea of what you’re looking for before you start
57
What is counting
Going into the field | , recording
58
What is charting
Raw data, Standardization/normalization
59
What is analysis
Statistically analyzing data
60
What is presentation
Tables Pie charts Clustered bar charts
61
What is an interview
An interview for this course is a face-to-face interactive, primarily verbal, real-time process
62
What is an interactive interview
Give and take Both of you may talk Both of you may ask questions
63
What is a primarily verbal interview
Body language also conveys information | Some written information may be transferred
64
What is a real time interview
Exchange of information is immediate | Little time during the interview to formulate questions or answers
65
What are 2 pros of an interview
Direct | Quick
66
What are 2 cons of an interview
Tough to analyze data | Less control
67
What are 4 interviewee attitudes
Intent, impact, Competence, propriety
68
What are 3 interviewer attitudes
Seek feelings | , seek causes, Seek proof of knowledge
69
What is the interview process
Prepare Conduct Interview Follow-up
70
What are 3 ways that the interviewee should prepare
Does the interviewee have the information I need? Is the interviewee available? Tell the interviewee what you’ll be asking so they can be prepared.
71
What are 3 ways the interviewer should prepare with materials
Research the topic Research the interviewee Make up questions ahead of time
72
What are 3 ways the interviewer should prepare with first impressions
Be observant Look around the office Do you see technical things or “touchy-feely” things?
73
What is an unfocused interview
First interviews are often unfocused--lots of open-ended questions
74
What is a focused interview
Follow-up interviews are usually focused--lots of closed-ended questions
75
What is the Funnel-Down interview style
Establish the big picture and then fill in the details Start with overview type questions Work toward more specific, closed-ended questions
76
What is the funnel up interview style
Start with details and “flesh in” Start with detail, list-oriented questions Determine how the details fit together
77
What are the steps to start an interview
Greeting, Establish Rapport | , purpose, contract
78
What are the type of interview questions
Open-ended questions , closed ended questions, Rhetorical questions , unanswerable questions, Argumentative questions
79
What are 4 interview techniques
Be willing to use leading questions when necessary , To get an exact answer, you must ask an exact question , End with a wrap-up question, How you word your questions can influence the response: ,
80
What are 5 listening techniques
Active Listening | , posture, eye contact, facial expression, Verbal encouragement
81
What are both the pros and cons of using a tape recorder
Everything is recorded verbatim Pay more attention to the flow of the questions Interview goes more quickly
82
What is a survey
A data gathering instrument
83
What are 3 pros of a survey
Easy Large audience Common and accepted
84
What are 3 cons of a survey
Questions must be carefully crafted No room for new lines of questioning Instructions must be crystal clear
85
What are 3 types of a survey
Evaluations, research, Needs Assessment
86
What are 3 types of survey errors
Poor sampling, poor questions, Poor response rate
87
What is a survey sample
Sometimes it is impractical to survey an entire population, so we select a sample
88
What does a survey sample depend on
``` Population size Questions asked Confidence Level Error Population makeup Randomness ```
89
What is a survey error
This is that "plus or minus X%" that you hear about. What it means is that you feel confident that your results have an error of no more than X%. 

90
What is survey confidence
This is how confident you feel about your error level.
91
What are 3 types of sampling
Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling | , cluster sampling
92
What are 4 survey format points
Keep it short Visual Appearance White space, Color, Font Size Group topics together Start with “easy” questions
93
What are some survey question pointers
Start with overall topic , Break topic down into smaller questions, When using “choice” questions, be sure the listed choices are complete and consistent , Be clear and unambiguous Be certain the questions and the answers match , Be careful of the order of responses

Needs Assessment Final (1 decks)

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