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Needs Assessment Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is Needs Assesment

A

is a systematic process for determining and addressing needs, or “gaps” between
current conditions and desired conditions or “wants”. The discrepancy between the current condition and wanted condition must be measured to appropriately identify the need. The need can be a desire to improve current performance or to correct a problem.

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2
Q

What are the two types of Needs Assesment

A

Problem and Opportunity

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3
Q

What is the “is”

A

The exisiting operation, its configuration, and its performance.

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4
Q

What is the should be

A

The planned operation, its specified configuration, and its expected performance.

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5
Q

What is information we need when doing a Needs Assessment

A

Optimals, Goals, Actuals, Feelings

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6
Q

What are 3 sources of information

A

Interviews, Focus Groups, observation and participation

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7
Q

Where do we get data

A

Experts, competitors, customers, vendors

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8
Q

What are barriers

A

you seek the cause(s) of current problems and anticipate what might become a problem.

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9
Q

What are the types of barriers

A

Skills and Knowledge, motivation, environment, Incentives and communication

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10
Q

What are things to watch out for

A

Bias, scope creep and The Fear of Failure

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11
Q

What are 5 characteristics of a problem solver

A

Logical, intuitive, common sense, focus, communication skills

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12
Q

What are 5 leadership principles

A

Disagreement can lead either to hard feelings or to innovation, depending on the discussion leadership
, The “idea-getting” process

should be separated from

the “idea-evaluation” process

Solutions suggested by the leader are improperly evaluated
, Encourage full participation.
, The starting point of a problem is the richest in solution alternatives

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13
Q

What is decomposition

A

Recursive, data, functional, conditional

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14
Q

What is recursive

A

Continuously break into subs until trivial

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15
Q

What is data

A

Similar structure (input, output, description,…)

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16
Q

What is functional

A

Related/dependent steps in a process

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17
Q

What is conditional

A

If – Then

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18
Q

What is Bias

A

prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question

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19
Q

What are 3 bias types

A

Socially correct
Wording
Interviewer

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20
Q

What is the objective of brainstorming

A

Generate ideas

Build on others’ ideas

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21
Q

What are 2 rules of brainstorming

A

NO criticism

Encourage quantity

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22
Q

What is the brainstorming process

A 
Introduce rules
Assign Leader & Secretary
Introduce topic
Get ideas
Organize ideas
Get more ideas
Summarize and Report
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23
Q

What are the types of group dynamics

A

Individual, Team, task

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24
Q

What are the 3 individual dynamics

A

Role
Fit
Conflict

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25
Q

What are the 3 team dynamics

A

Process
Resources : Time / Talent / Treasury
Backing

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26
Q

What are the 2 task dynamics

A

Recommendation / Decision

Output

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27
Q

What are 3 Group Dynamics

A

Motivation
Conflict
Creativity

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28
Q

What is group norms

A

written or unwritten rules of conduct

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29
Q

What are 3 group Task needs

A

Initiate ideas
Clarify ideas
Request action from others

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30
Q

What are 3 group maintenance needs

A

Release tension
Support
Encourage

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31
Q

What is groupthink

A

Excessive cohesion

Situation when group is TOO cohesive

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32
Q

What are 2 symptoms of groupthink

A

Sharing stereotypes

Not expressing true feelings

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33
Q

What are 2 results of groupthink

A

Examining few alternatives

Not critically examining ideas

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34
Q

What are 2 solutions of groupthink

A

Have leaders remain impartial

Divide into sub-groups and then discuss differences

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35
Q

What are 2 types of group decision making

A

Majority vote and Consensus

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36
Q

Why use the majority vote process

A

Good when time is lacking

Most members buy-in

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37
Q

Why use the consensus vote process

A

Most effective, but takes the most time

Commitment by all members

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38
Q

What is a construct

A

Something that may not really exist in a tangible sense, but it’s useful to pretend it does.

39
Q

What are 2 examples of constructs for politeness

A

smiling, eye contact

40
Q

What is cost benefit analysis

A

An analysis that weighs the expected costs of persuing a project versus the benefits that the project is expected to generate

41
Q

What are 3 points about cost benefit analysis

A

Costs are all negative cash flows and all disadvantages
Benefits are all positive cash flows and all intangible benefits
Weighted by risk and time value

42
Q

What are 3 adjustment examples in a cost benefit analysis

A

Time value of money, What if conditions “drift”

, risk

43
Q

Operational Definition

A

is a procedure agreed upon for translation of a concept into measurement of some kind.”

44
Q

What is not an operational definition

A

is not an absolute truth

45
Q

Why is an operational definition important

A

It is particularly important when a decision is being made about whether something is correct or incorrect, or when a visual check is being made where there is room for confusion.

46
Q

When should an operational definition be made

A

before the collection of data begins.

47
Q

What is the process to get an operational definition

A 
Identify the characteristic of interest.
Select the measuring instrument.
Describe the test method.
State the decision criteria.
Document the operational definition.
Test the operational definition.
48
Q

What is observation

A

is watching “life in action”

49
Q

What is a detached observer

A

Observed people don’t know they’re being watched

50
Q

What is an active participant

A

Observed people don’t know why they’re being watched

51
Q

What happens when we begin observing a situation

A

we risk changing it

52
Q

What is a pro and con of Detached Observation

A

Easier to remain anonymous

No intimate knowledge

53
Q

What is a pro and con of active observation

A

More complete understanding of the data

Easy to get involved

54
Q

What is the observation process

A

Pinpointing

Counting

Charting

55
Q

What us pinpointing

A

Constructs and Operational Definitions

56
Q

What are assumptions

A

You can have a good idea of what you’re looking for before you start

57
Q

What is counting

A

Going into the field

, recording

58
Q

What is charting

A

Raw data, Standardization/normalization

59
Q

What is analysis

A

Statistically analyzing data

60
Q

What is presentation

A

Tables
Pie charts
Clustered bar charts

61
Q

What is an interview

A

An interview for this course is a face-to-face interactive, primarily verbal, real-time process

62
Q

What is an interactive interview

A

Give and take
Both of you may talk
Both of you may ask questions

63
Q

What is a primarily verbal interview

A

Body language also conveys information

Some written information may be transferred

64
Q

What is a real time interview

A

Exchange of information is immediate

Little time during the interview to formulate questions or answers

65
Q

What are 2 pros of an interview

A

Direct

Quick

66
Q

What are 2 cons of an interview

A

Tough to analyze data

Less control

67
Q

What are 4 interviewee attitudes

A

Intent, impact, Competence, propriety

68
Q

What are 3 interviewer attitudes

A

Seek feelings

, seek causes, Seek proof of knowledge

69
Q

What is the interview process

A

Prepare

Conduct Interview

Follow-up

70
Q

What are 3 ways that the interviewee should prepare

A

Does the interviewee have the information I need?
Is the interviewee available?
Tell the interviewee what you’ll be asking so they can be prepared.

71
Q

What are 3 ways the interviewer should prepare with materials

A

Research the topic

Research the interviewee

Make up questions ahead of time

72
Q

What are 3 ways the interviewer should prepare with first impressions

A

Be observant

Look around the office

Do you see technical things or “touchy-feely” things?

73
Q

What is an unfocused interview

A

First interviews are often unfocused–lots of open-ended questions

74
Q

What is a focused interview

A

Follow-up interviews are usually focused–lots of closed-ended questions

75
Q

What is the Funnel-Down interview style

A

Establish the big picture and then fill in the details
Start with overview type questions
Work toward more specific, closed-ended questions

76
Q

What is the funnel up interview style

A

Start with details and “flesh in”
Start with detail, list-oriented questions
Determine how the details fit together

77
Q

What are the steps to start an interview

A

Greeting, Establish Rapport

, purpose, contract

78
Q

What are the type of interview questions

A

Open-ended questions
, closed ended questions, Rhetorical questions
, unanswerable questions, Argumentative questions

79
Q

What are 4 interview techniques

A

Be willing to use leading questions when necessary
, To get an exact answer, you must ask an exact question
, End with a wrap-up question, How you word your questions can influence the response:

,

80
Q

What are 5 listening techniques

A

Active Listening

, posture, eye contact, facial expression, Verbal encouragement

81
Q

What are both the pros and cons of using a tape recorder

A

Everything is recorded verbatim
Pay more attention to the flow of the questions
Interview goes more quickly

82
Q

What is a survey

A

A data gathering instrument

83
Q

What are 3 pros of a survey

A

Easy
Large audience
Common and accepted

84
Q

What are 3 cons of a survey

A

Questions must be carefully crafted
No room for new lines of questioning
Instructions must be crystal clear

85
Q

What are 3 types of a survey

A

Evaluations, research, Needs Assessment

86
Q

What are 3 types of survey errors

A

Poor sampling, poor questions, Poor response rate

87
Q

What is a survey sample

A

Sometimes it is impractical to survey an entire population, so we select a sample

88
Q

What does a survey sample depend on

A 
Population size
Questions asked
Confidence Level
Error
Population makeup
Randomness
89
Q

What is a survey error

A

This is that “plus or minus X%” that you hear about. What it means is that you feel confident that your results have an error of no more than X%. 


90
Q

What is survey confidence

A

This is how confident you feel about your error level.

91
Q

What are 3 types of sampling

A

Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling

, cluster sampling

92
Q

What are 4 survey format points

A

Keep it short

Visual Appearance
White space, Color, Font Size

Group topics together

Start with “easy” questions

93
Q

What are some survey question pointers

A

Start with overall topic
, Break topic down into smaller questions, When using “choice” questions, be sure the listed choices are complete and consistent
, Be clear and unambiguous

Be certain the questions and the answers match
, Be careful of the order of responses

Needs Assessment Final (1 decks)

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