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Med Surg 2 Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic process that provides an individual with a defense against a disease?

A

Immunity

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2
Q

Immunity obtained from a vaccine?

A

Active Acquired Immunity

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3
Q

Immunity present at birth?

A

Innate or natural

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4
Q

Ex of type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

Allergies such as bees, foods, pollen and anaphylaxis.

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5
Q

Ex of type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

Blood incompatibility or graft rejection.

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6
Q

Ex of type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

RA or SLE

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7
Q

Ex of type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

Poison oak or TB test.

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8
Q

Mature neutrophils known as?

A

Segs

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9
Q

Percentage of mature neutrophils circulating called?

A

ANC

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10
Q

Antibody mediated immunity called?

A

Humoral immunity

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11
Q

Cells involved in antibody mediated immunity?

A

B Cells

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12
Q

Cellular mediated immunity involves what cells?

A

T Cells and NK

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13
Q

Type of cell that secretes cytokines that enhances activity of other WBCs and increases overall immune function?

A

Helper T Cells

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14
Q

T cells that prevent hypersensitivity on exposure to non-self cells or proteins, inhibiting cell action?

A

Suppressor T cells

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15
Q

Type of cell that destroys cells that contain a processed antigens human leukocyte antigen?

A

Cytotoxic T Cell

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16
Q

Penicillin allergy patients may have sensitivity to?

A

Cephalosporins, ancef, rocephin, cefepime.

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17
Q

Main 2 symptoms of GERD?

A

Dyspepsia and regurgitation.

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18
Q

Most accurate method of diagnosing GERD?

A

pH monitoring exam

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19
Q

Most important role of the nurse in the care of GERD patient?

A

Teaching

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20
Q

Histamine receptor agonist?

A

Pepcid or Zantac

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21
Q

Proton pump inhibitor?

A

Prilosec, protonix, nexium.

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22
Q

Protrusion of stomach through diaphragm?

A

Hiatal hernia

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23
Q

Intrinsic factor important for absorption of?

A

B12

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24
Q

Ulcer that has pain 30-60 minutes after eating?

A

Gastric

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25
Q

Duodenal ulcer pain occurs?

A

1.5-3 hours after eating.

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26
Q

Telescoping bowel called?

A

Intussusception

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27
Q

Appendicitis pain location?

A

RLQ

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28
Q

2 most common IBD?

A

Crohns and UC

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29
Q

Hep A spread by?

A

Fecal oral route

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30
Q

Hep B spread by?

A

Unprotected sex, needles, close contact with cuts and sores.

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31
Q

Leading cause of cancer death?

A

Pancreas

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32
Q

Wound healing with delayed closure and higher incidence of infection?

A

Third intention

33
Q

3 phases of wound healing?

A

Inflammatory, granulation, maturation.

34
Q

ABCDE?

A

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution.

35
Q

How often should one evaluate the skin?

A

Monthly

36
Q

Parkland formula?

A

4ml/kg/% of body burned. Give 1st half in first 8 hours.

37
Q

Ulcer that develops after a burn?

A

Curling

38
Q

Focus of osteoporosis prevention?

A

Reduce modifiable risk factors.

39
Q

6 Ps that are part of NV assessment?

A

Poikilothermia, pain, pulses, pallor, parasthesia, and paralysis.

40
Q

Late signs of compartment syndrome?

A

Pulselessness, paralysis, and weakness.

41
Q

With compartment syndrome neuromuscular damage can occur?

A

4-6 hours

42
Q

What distinguishes fat embolism from PE?

A

Cutaneous petichiae

43
Q

Osteoarthritis is not typically bilateral

A

RA is typically bilateral.

44
Q

Drug of choice for OA?

A

Tylenol

45
Q

In OA the distal joint modules are called?

A

Herberdens

46
Q

ESR elevated in OA?

A

No

47
Q

Inner layer of eye?

A

Retina

48
Q

Cranial nerves responsible for eye movement?

A

3,4,6

49
Q

Farsightedness?

A

Hyperopia

50
Q

Nearsightedness?

A

Myopia

51
Q

Pupillary constriction called?

A

Miosis

52
Q

Pupillary dilation called?

A

Mydriasis

53
Q

When lower lid relaxes and falls away from eye?

A

Ectropion

54
Q

Main visual disturbance noted with macular degeneration?

A

Central vision loss

55
Q

3 features of menieres?

A

Tinnitus, one sided hearing and vertigo.

56
Q

Changes recommended for Menieres?

A

Distribute food and fluids through the day, no caffeine, avoid foods high in sodium and MSG, limit alcohol.

57
Q

MS symptoms?

A

Diplopia, nystagmus, blurred vision, increased DTR, positive babinski, tremors with movement, spastic muscles.

58
Q

Normal PSA?

A

Values less than 4 normal. Values greater than 10 indicate prostate cancer. No ejaculation for 24 hours before test.

59
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

Injects radiation contrast medium to view female reproductive organs. Take laxative night before followed by enema or suppository morning of which reduces gas shadows. Can be painful, medicate! Referred shoulder pain.

60
Q

Mammography care?

A

No creams, powders or deodorant. Cannot be pregnant.

61
Q

Whipple procedure?

A

Removes part for pancreas, small intestine, and gallbladder. Done mostly for pancreatic cancer.

62
Q

Fibrocystic breast condition

A

Occurs mostly in premenopausal women. Symptoms usually resolve after menstruation. Caused by hormonal imbalance. Use analgesics, minimize salt, wear supportive bra, apply ice or heat, oral contraceptives, reduce fat and caffeine intake.

63
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast formation in men.

64
Q

Breast cancer

A

80% invasive. Age, genetics, breast density, Jewish decent, high estrogen levels, all increase risk.

65
Q

Mammogram age?

A

At 40 years old and should have one annually. High risk women should have MRI as well.

66
Q

When to do BSE?

A

1 week after menstrual.

67
Q

Mastectomy care?

A

Keep HOB elevated to at least 30 degrees. Keep affected arm elevated on pillow to promote lymph fluid return. Exercises can be resumed with affected arm same day.

68
Q

Endometriosis

A

Uterine tissue implants outside of uterus. Painful, rectal pressure feeling sometimes present, GI symptoms.

69
Q

Menopause

A

Cessation of menses for 12 months. Short term hormone therapy helps symptoms.

70
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

10-20 liquid stools a day. Mucous and blood present. Intestinal lining bleeds and ulcers occur.

71
Q

Crohns

A

Slowly progressive, unpredictable, thickened bowel wall, strictures, deep ulceration, fistula and fatty stools.

72
Q

BPH

A

Increased urine stasis, chronic retention causing overflow incontinence, UTI risk, bladder stone formation, backed up urine can cause kidney failure. Hematuria. Enlargement felt not painful. Avoid anticholinergics, antihistamines.

73
Q

Prostate meds 5-ari

A

1st line drug. Reduces prostate size. End in ASTERIDE. Take as long at 6 months to see improvement. Assess liver.

74
Q

Prostate meds alpha-1

A

Relax prostate muscles. End in OSIN. Orthostatic hypotension. Assess liver.

75
Q

CAM therapies for BPH?

A

Saw palmetto. Frequent ejaculation.

76
Q

TURP

A

Will feel urge to void with urinary catheter in place. Normal for blood tinged urine with small clots. Traction applied to catheter and its taped on abdomen. Don’t try to void around cath. Irrigate bladder with NS.

77
Q

Upper GI series

A

Swallowing barium to produce X-ray images of the upper GI. Withhold food and fluids 8 hours before and drink plenty of fluid to eliminate barium after. Chalky white stool.

78
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Recommended at age 50. Stay on clear liquid diet day before. Nothing red, orange or purple. Drink Gatorade. NPO 4-6 hours before. No anticoagulants before. Bowel cleanser the day before. Watch for vasovagal response when scope in bowel. Fluids permitted after flatus. No driving for 12 hours after.

Med Surg 2 Final (1 decks)

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