Final

Question 1

Visceral afferent nerve impulses reflexively cause somatic problems through the mechanism of anterior horn cell facilitation

Answer 1

Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis

Question 2

The subluxation can lead to lowered tissue resistance and compromise the body’s ability to adapt to microorganisms

Answer 2

Neurodystorphic/neuroimmune hypothesis

Question 3

Neurotrophic support can be adversely affected by the disruption of axoplasmic transport mechanisms

Answer 3

Axoplasmic aberration hypothesis

Question 4

Subluxations can affect mental state and emotion

Answer 4

Somatopsychic hypothesis

Question 5

Mental stress can cause subluxations through postural changes, diaphragm tension and other neurologic effects

Answer 5

Psychogenic hypothesis

Question 6

Distortion of the intervertebral foramen causes mechanical compression, stretch, traction or torsion of spinal nerves or nerve roots with subsequent injury and dysfunction

Answer 6

Nerve compression hypothesis

Question 7

Articular alterations and nociceptive signals from subluxated motion segments cause dysafferentation to the spinal cord, disrupting normal postural muscle tone and reflexively disturbing other somatic functions as well

Answer 7

Somatosomatic/somatomotor reflex hypothesis

Question 8

Cervical subluxations can cause vascular insufficiency to the brain by direct arterial compression

Answer 8

Vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis

Question 9

Upper cervical misalignments can cause stress to the spinal cord

Answer 9

Spinal cord compression/myelopathy hypothesis

Question 10

Which structures are affected FIRST by very slight amounts of compression in the IVF

Answer 10

Veins and lymphatics

Question 11

The vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis is based on what proposed mechanism

Answer 11

Subluxations of the cervical segments can cause direct pressure on the vertebral arteries, obstructing the lumen of the vessels and causing a loss of blood flow to the brain

Question 12

The subluxation can involve facilitation of the lateral horn cells, leading to visceral dysfunction via altered sympathetic innvervation

Answer 12

Somatoautonomic/ somatovisceral reflex hypothesis

Question 13

The axoplasmic aberration hypothesis is the suggestion that

Answer 13

Axoplasmic transport may be altered in certain cases in which the spinal nerve roots are compressed or irritated by the intervertebral subluxation

Question 14

Within the IVF there is a connective tissue which divides the IVF into compartments and therefore limits the ability of other IVF components to avoid compression trauma. WHat is the structre

Answer 14

Transforaminal ligament

Question 15

The neurodystrophic hypothesis is the concept that _____

Answer 15

Neural dysfunction lowers the resistance of the body to infectious agents

Question 16

Why are veins and lymphatic vessels important structures in the trophic models of subluxation

Answer 16

They are more quickly affected by compression than other IVF components

Question 17

One of Irvin Korr’s contributions to the knowledge base concering the nature of the subluxation was his work in the area of

Answer 17

Axoplasmic transport and neurotrophic effects

Question 18

Which is one of the trophic models of subluxation complex

Answer 18

Intraneural microcirculation ischemia

Question 19

Sleep disturbances, emotional changes and symptoms of altered cognitive function as a result of subluxation effects are among the effects explained by the _____ hypothesis

Answer 19

Somatopsychic

Question 20

What is the name of the hyposthesis that decreased cerebral blood flow due to several subluxations effects can cause hibernation of certain brain functions

Answer 20

Cerebral dysfunction theory

Question 21

Ischemic conditon affecting nerves tend to first cause

Answer 21

Hyperirritability

Question 22

A patient experiences a recurrent spinal subluxation associated with an overuse inflammation of tendons at the elbow. What hypothesis explains this

Answer 22

Somatosomatic reflex

Question 23

A child with chronic relapsing ear infecrtions experiences much better health and a decrease in the frequency and severity of infections after receiving chiropractic care. What hypothesis is used to explain this experience

Answer 23

Neurodysrophic

Question 24

A patient experiences significant emotional stress that is found to cause a frequent recurrence of subluxations. What hypothesis applies to this situation

Answer 24

Psychogenic or Psychosomatic

Question 25

What level of care does Dr Strang apparently consider to be the ideal in chiropractic practice

Answer 25

Chiropractors attempt to restore normal structure and function by reducing, stabilizing, or correcting subluxation complexes; they also work with patients in preventing the occurrences or recurrences of subluxations

Question 26

How can chronic mental stress be a factor in the cause or perpetuation of subluxation complexes

Answer 26

Chronic diaphragm hypertonicity Negative body language/ poor posture Visceral pathology can be a source of viscerosomatic dysafferentation

Question 27

The loeser pain hierarchy illustrates what concept relating to subluxations

Answer 27

Pain behaviour can persist after tissue healing has taken place

Question 28

What is a mechanism by which a person who has a major surgery might develop a subluxation complex afterwards

Answer 28

Positing under anesthesia Poor nociceptive imput from tissues Mentally from negative statments from the surgeon

Question 29

How can exercise help prevent subluxations

Answer 29

Strengthen Balance and postural muscles Improve joint motion Lower sympathetic nervous system tone

Question 30

T/F A nerve undergoing compression stress may temporarily demonstrate reduced axoplasmic flow characteristics while continuing to conduct impulses normally

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F A person with a job that involves repetitive motions or positions that are habitual will be less likely to develop subluxations than will a person whose work habits involve constantly varied activity

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T/F A long-time cigarette smoker may show evidence of an upper thoracic subluxation complex possibly through the mechanism of the viscerosomatic reflex

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F If a person has never suffered an accident or fall, it is not likely that the chiropractor will find evidence of subluxation complex in that person

Answer 33

False

Question 34

T/F The causes of subluxation include mechanical, chemical, and mental forms of stress

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F D.D. Palmer believed that the toxins in food, drink, and medications could cause spinal subluxations

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T/F Gravity can be considered to be a continuous microtraumatic stress that can be a factor in causing subluxations

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F The patient’s emotional state does not have an effect on the response to adjustments, or the ability to maintain correction

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T/F Moderate general exercise is one factor that can help prevent the occurrence of subluxation complexes

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F Chiropractic care has been reported to help certain patients with insomnia, and emotional disorders such as neuroses

Answer 39

True