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1
Q

How many variable are tested in a controlled experiment?

A

1

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2
Q

What are the levels of organizations

A

Atom, molecule, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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3
Q

What are the four biomolecule

A

Carbohydrates (monomer- monosaccharides polymer- polysaccharides: starch), Lipids (monomer- fatty acids: fats), Proteins (monomer- amino acids: beans, enzymes), Nucleic Acid (monomer- nucleotides: DNA)

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4
Q

What are the two categories of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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5
Q

How would you determine a prokaryotic cell?

A

Lack membrane and nucleus, single celled, simple and small

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6
Q

How would you determine a eukaryotic cell?

A

Have membrane bound organelles, multicellular

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Only in plants, support, protection, connection

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Store water

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly that everything floats in

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11
Q

Leucoplast

A

Storage of starch, lipids, proteins

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12
Q

Flagella and cilia

A

Movement

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Interior framework

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14
Q

Cell membrane

A

Allows what gets in and what get out

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Houses DNA

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16
Q

Nucleolus

A

Puts together ribosomes

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17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

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18
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes and transportation of macromolecules

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packaging and distributer, creates vesicles

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20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestion center

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21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power house

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22
Q

Peroxisome

A

Breaks down fatty acids

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23
Q

Plant cell

A

Chloroplast, cell wall, square, large vacuole

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24
Q

Animal cell

A

Cell membrane, circle, smaller vacuole, no chloroplasts

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25
What Is diffusion?
Net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient
26
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration of a particular molecule
27
Isotonic
Equal, 50% water 50% salt
28
Hypertonic
Greater, 30% salt 70% water
29
Hypotonic
Lesser, 80% salt 20% water
30
Cellular respiration
Process by which living things release enough energy from sugars. C6H12O6 + 6o2= 6h2o + 6CO2 + energy
31
What kinds of organisms carry out cellular respiration
All living organisms
32
What are pigments
Light absorbing molecules, found in the thylakoid
33
Why do cells divide?
Because they get too large
34
What is cancer?
Where malignant cells invade and destroy body tissues.
35
Cell life cycle
G1: grows, S: synthesis of DNA, G2: grows more, prophase: spindle fibers form, Metaphase: DNA lines up, Anaphase: DNA splits, Telophase: new DNA forms, Cytokinesis: cells separates.
36
Mitosis
Occurs in somatic cells, 8 phases, 2 cells, diploid cells, makes identical cells
37
Meiosis
Occurs in gametes, 16 phases, 4 cells, haploid, produces different cells.
38
Meiosis and Mitosis
Cell division, PMAT, phases, DNA duplication
39
Haploid
Half total chromosomes
40
Diploid
Two copies of each chromosomes
41
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA- carries message for how to create the protein to protein synthesis site, Transfer RNA- brings amino acids to protein synthesis site, Ribosomal RNA- physically compose the ribosome
42
What is transcription?
Genetic code for one gene is used to make RNA
43
What is translation?
Converting a passage into a new language
44
Genotype
Alleles that an organism has for its character
45
Phenotype
Resulting appearance from genotype
46
Homozygous
Two of the same allele for a trait
47
Heterozygous
Two different alleles for a trait
48
What is a karyotype?
Picture from chromosomal analysis
49
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Guy with the pea plants
50
What is a consumer?
Consumes other organisms
51
What is a Producer
Produces own food
52
What is am autotrophs?
Makes food
53
What is a heterotroph?
Has to find food, eat it
54
What is taxonomy?
Classifies and names living things using characteristics of organisms and a universe system of classification
55
What is Classification
Giving animals different names and sorting them into different groups
56
Binomial nomenclature
Two-part naming method
57
Who was Linnaeus?
Carolus Linnaeus created classification system we use today.
58
How do you write a scientific name?
Genus species
59
What are the levels of taxonomic classification?
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom
60
What did Charles Darwin do?
"On the Origin of the Species"
61
How many bones are in the adult body?
206
62
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protect, allows movement, stores minerals, forms blood cells
63
What are the parts of a chromosome
Chromatid; one of the two identical parts of chromosome, centromere; middle point
64
What is crossing over?
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in parental characteristics of offspring. Occurs for genetic variation
65
What is a Punnett square?
A diagram that is used to predict an outcome of genes
66
What is codominance?
Relationship between two versions of a gene. They both show
67
What is incomplete dominance?
Not one just shows
68
What is polygenic inheritance?
The determination of a characteristic by many genes
69
What are the different types of joints?
Gliding, hinge, saddle, and ball and socket joints.
70
What is the difference between a tendon and ligaments?
Tendon connects bone to muscle, ligament connects bone to bone
71
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
72
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Delivers oxygen, nutrient molecules, and hormones, removes carbon dioxide, ammonia.
73
What is the purpose of the diaphragm?
To contract and expand the lungs.
74
What are the three ways bacteria can be classified?
Shape, environment, and cell wall
75
What are the shapes of bacteria?
Round and rod
76
What is a pathogen?
A bacteria of virus that causes disease
77
What is the basic structure of a virus?
Nucleic acid and a protein coat
78
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that attacks bacteria
79
Why is a virus not alive?
They lack the ability to reproduce
80
What is a niche?
A role an animal plays in its habitat
81
What is a habitat?
Where a species lives
82
What is primary succession?
No soil
83
What is secondary succession?
Soil present
84
What is biology?
The study life?
85
What is homeostasis?
Stable equilibrium in the body
86
What is penicillium?
A blue mold that makes penicillin
87
What is lichen?
Usually the first type of plant life in an area

Biology Final Review (1 decks)

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