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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many variable are tested in a controlled experiment?

A

1

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2
Q

What are the levels of organizations

A

Atom, molecule, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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3
Q

What are the four biomolecule

A

Carbohydrates (monomer- monosaccharides polymer- polysaccharides: starch), Lipids (monomer- fatty acids: fats), Proteins (monomer- amino acids: beans, enzymes), Nucleic Acid (monomer- nucleotides: DNA)

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4
Q

What are the two categories of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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5
Q

How would you determine a prokaryotic cell?

A

Lack membrane and nucleus, single celled, simple and small

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6
Q

How would you determine a eukaryotic cell?

A

Have membrane bound organelles, multicellular

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Only in plants, support, protection, connection

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Store water

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly that everything floats in

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11
Q

Leucoplast

A

Storage of starch, lipids, proteins

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12
Q

Flagella and cilia

A

Movement

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Interior framework

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14
Q

Cell membrane

A

Allows what gets in and what get out

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Houses DNA

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16
Q

Nucleolus

A

Puts together ribosomes

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17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

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18
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes and transportation of macromolecules

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packaging and distributer, creates vesicles

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20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestion center

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21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power house

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22
Q

Peroxisome

A

Breaks down fatty acids

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23
Q

Plant cell

A

Chloroplast, cell wall, square, large vacuole

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24
Q

Animal cell

A

Cell membrane, circle, smaller vacuole, no chloroplasts

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25
Q

What Is diffusion?

A

Net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

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26
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference in concentration of a particular molecule

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27
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal, 50% water 50% salt

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28
Q

Hypertonic

A

Greater, 30% salt 70% water

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29
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lesser, 80% salt 20% water

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30
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process by which living things release enough energy from sugars. C6H12O6 + 6o2= 6h2o + 6CO2 + energy

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31
Q

What kinds of organisms carry out cellular respiration

A

All living organisms

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32
Q

What are pigments

A

Light absorbing molecules, found in the thylakoid

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33
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

Because they get too large

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34
Q

What is cancer?

A

Where malignant cells invade and destroy body tissues.

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35
Q

Cell life cycle

A

G1: grows, S: synthesis of DNA, G2: grows more, prophase: spindle fibers form, Metaphase: DNA lines up, Anaphase: DNA splits, Telophase: new DNA forms, Cytokinesis: cells separates.

36
Q

Mitosis

A

Occurs in somatic cells, 8 phases, 2 cells, diploid cells, makes identical cells

37
Q

Meiosis

A

Occurs in gametes, 16 phases, 4 cells, haploid, produces different cells.

38
Q

Meiosis and Mitosis

A

Cell division, PMAT, phases, DNA duplication

39
Q

Haploid

A

Half total chromosomes

40
Q

Diploid

A

Two copies of each chromosomes

41
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA- carries message for how to create the protein to protein synthesis site, Transfer RNA- brings amino acids to protein synthesis site, Ribosomal RNA- physically compose the ribosome

42
Q

What is transcription?

A

Genetic code for one gene is used to make RNA

43
Q

What is translation?

A

Converting a passage into a new language

44
Q

Genotype

A

Alleles that an organism has for its character

45
Q

Phenotype

A

Resulting appearance from genotype

46
Q

Homozygous

A

Two of the same allele for a trait

47
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles for a trait

48
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

Picture from chromosomal analysis

49
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

Guy with the pea plants

50
Q

What is a consumer?

A

Consumes other organisms

51
Q

What is a Producer

A

Produces own food

52
Q

What is am autotrophs?

A

Makes food

53
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Has to find food, eat it

54
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Classifies and names living things using characteristics of organisms and a universe system of classification

55
Q

What is Classification

A

Giving animals different names and sorting them into different groups

56
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Two-part naming method

57
Q

Who was Linnaeus?

A

Carolus Linnaeus created classification system we use today.

58
Q

How do you write a scientific name?

A

Genus species

59
Q

What are the levels of taxonomic classification?

A

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

60
Q

What did Charles Darwin do?

A

“On the Origin of the Species”

61
Q

How many bones are in the adult body?

A

206

62
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protect, allows movement, stores minerals, forms blood cells

63
Q

What are the parts of a chromosome

A

Chromatid; one of the two identical parts of chromosome, centromere; middle point

64
Q

What is crossing over?

A

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in parental characteristics of offspring. Occurs for genetic variation

65
Q

What is a Punnett square?

A

A diagram that is used to predict an outcome of genes

66
Q

What is codominance?

A

Relationship between two versions of a gene. They both show

67
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

Not one just shows

68
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

The determination of a characteristic by many genes

69
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A

Gliding, hinge, saddle, and ball and socket joints.

70
Q

What is the difference between a tendon and ligaments?

A

Tendon connects bone to muscle, ligament connects bone to bone

71
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

72
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

Delivers oxygen, nutrient molecules, and hormones, removes carbon dioxide, ammonia.

73
Q

What is the purpose of the diaphragm?

A

To contract and expand the lungs.

74
Q

What are the three ways bacteria can be classified?

A

Shape, environment, and cell wall

75
Q

What are the shapes of bacteria?

A

Round and rod

76
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A bacteria of virus that causes disease

77
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A

Nucleic acid and a protein coat

78
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A virus that attacks bacteria

79
Q

Why is a virus not alive?

A

They lack the ability to reproduce

80
Q

What is a niche?

A

A role an animal plays in its habitat

81
Q

What is a habitat?

A

Where a species lives

82
Q

What is primary succession?

A

No soil

83
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

Soil present

84
Q

What is biology?

A

The study life?

85
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Stable equilibrium in the body

86
Q

What is penicillium?

A

A blue mold that makes penicillin

87
Q

What is lichen?

A

Usually the first type of plant life in an area

Biology Final Review (1 decks)

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