Final

Question 1

glottis

Answer 1

the space between the vocal folds

Question 2

Bernoulli effect (how it relates to singing)

Answer 2

causes the sucking together of vocal folds; air in motion has less density or pressure than when immobile, causing a suction effect; constantly maintained airflow will increase speed at a constricted site, thus producing a decrease in pressure at that point (think lip buzzing)

Question 3

mucosal wave

Answer 3

the undulating movement of the mucosal membrane caused by the vibration of the vocal folds

Question 4

vocal folds

Answer 4

bilateral muscles which vibrate to produce sound

Question 5

larynx

Answer 5

the part of your throat which houses and uses your vocal folds

Question 6

anterior

Answer 6

the front

Question 7

inferior

Answer 7

below

Question 8

medial

Answer 8

the middle

Question 9

intrinsic

Answer 9

internal

Question 10

coronal

Answer 10

having to do with the head, specifically the crown

Question 11

What is the name of the bone at the top of the larynx?

Answer 11

hyoid

Question 12

What are the three functions of the larynx?

Answer 12

1. to block food from touching your vocal folds
2. to hold back air for thoracic fixation; occurs when lifting something
3. produce vocal tone

Question 13

cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

the top of the trachea

Question 14

Name the triangle-shaped bilateral tissues to which the vocal folds attach.

Answer 14

arytenoids

Question 15

vocal process (anatomy)

Answer 15

the anterior extension of each arytenoid cartilage

Question 16

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 16

to allow air to escape the larynx, but to block food from entering the larynx

Question 17

ventricle

Answer 17

small cavity or pouch

Question 18

epithelium

Answer 18

the outer layer of your vocal fold

Question 19

vocalis muscle

Answer 19

the muscle in your vocal folds

Question 20

Intrinsic Laryngeal muscles fall into four categories. What are they?

Answer 20

abductors
adductors
tensors
relaxors

Question 21

What happens when the cricothyroid muscle contracts?

Answer 21

the cricoid moves down and lengthens your vocal folds more, allowing the person to sing with their head voice

Question 22

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles are sometimes called, as a group the ____________.

Answer 22

strap muscles

Question 23

To which two cartilages does the cricothyroid muscle attach?

Answer 23

the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

Question 24

What are the three basic types of phonation? (briefly explain each)

Answer 24

aspirate - breathy, lax
pressed - thin, tight
coordinated - balanced between the two to produce clear tone

Question 25

List the eight characteristics of efficient vocal tone.

Answer 25

1. a unique vocal quality that seems natural
2. Tonal clarity and accuracy
3. relaxation of laryngeal muscles; produces vocal tone without stressing
4. Vocal elasticity which allows the singer to move quickly
5. Timbre which has both light and dark qualities (chiascurro)
6. Coordinated phonation
7. Produce vocal tone well in a range of volumes
8. Vibrato pulse of 6-8 per second

Question 26

How many liters of air can the lungs of an average adult male hold?

Answer 26

5-7

Question 27

Explain the difference between ligaments and tendons.

Answer 27

Ligaments connect bones to other bones.

Tendons connect bone to muscle.