Final Flashcards
When was Deaf culture first truly recognized? What happened this year?
- 1965
1) DC was separated from a medical diagnosis
2) ASL recognized as a language
6 values of DC?
1) ASL = natural language
2) Not speaking = forced speaking deprives child of natural language
3) Socialization = face-to-face communication maximized
4) Literature & Art = visua, so outlets for emotion, cultural stories passed down through generations
5) Theatre & Film = deaf wave
6) Deaf jokes = deaf people win, ASL linguistics
Some DC behavioral/cultural rules involving labels?
- Deaf vs. deaf
- hearing impaired (don’t like to be called this)/hard of hearing
- hearies = people who can hear
Communication strategies people in DC prefer you use with them (5)
1) writing
2) gesture
3) code switching: combine sign and speaking
4) spoken language
5) interpreter
Introductions in DC?
- FULL name, city you are from, school
- deaf or hearing, where you learned sign (if hearing)
name sign?
for it to be a true name sign, must be given by someone in DC
is maintaining eye contact important in DC?
YES - both when signing and reading signs, even more impt than in spoken english
explain open communication in DC?
- close-knit community, so explain why you are doing things (ex/ if you walk into a meeting late, immediately explain why; ex/ if you step away at a party, stop and explain what you’re doing)
Do’s and Don’ts = slide 9 of DC 1
study
technology associated with deaf culture (4)
- flashing-light devices
- bed vibration alarm
- closed captioning
- TTY (texting, video phones, video relay)
Beliefs about deafness in the DC?
- deaf people can do anything except hear
- NOT a handicap
- Pride in Deafness
Look over deaf culture journals
study
3 educational approaches for deaf individuals?
1) bilingual-bicultural - ASL, with English as second language to read/write
2) Auditory-oral - need residual hearing or some type of aid/CI
3) Total communication - any method that works for the child
Educational environment options for deaf individuals (5)
1) Residential school: often state run (IL School for Deaf in Jacksonville), learn in natural language, lifelong friends
2) Day schools: don’t live there, oral or sign focus
3) Mainstreaming: regular ed with interpreter
4) Self-contained classrooms: only deaf individuals
5) Home school: alternative to others
4 levels of the “Deaf World”
1) isolated in hearing society = being a minority
2) Deaf community
3) Deaf culture
4) Deaf ethnicity
4 components to be considered when trying to figure out if someone is in deaf culture or deaf commmunity
1) interaction: social life = regular attendance
2) deafness: must have a hearing loss
3) ASL: use and advocate, learn and respect etiquette
4) advocacy: deaf issues, ASL
- deaf CULTURE = how many of those components?
- deaf COMMUNITY?
- culture: all 4
- community: at least 2
Individuals more ____ identify with DC than any other culture
Deaf Culture
Can children of deaf adults also be part of Deaf Culture, even if they are hearing? Deaf ethnicity?
YES, YES
What do you have to identify with a Deaf Ethnicity? Common?
- BORN deaf (or into a deaf family)
- Use ASL as first language
- No: rare, 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents
Deaf education: roots began in ___ around ___
France, 1750
First public deaf school opened in France when? Signs originated?
1771
- with home signs that children brought with them
“Father of Oralism” - where was he from? what did he promote?
- Samuel Heincke
- Germany
- speech and speechreading: encouraged and/or forced the Deaf to do this
When did Gallaudet travel to Europe to learn about deaf education/methods?
1814
Who did Gallaudet bring back to America with him?
Laurent Clerc
In 1817, ______ was established in Hartford, Connecticut
the American School for the Deaf
ASL grew from?
French sign and home signs of students at ASD
Renamed Gallaudet College when? (after son Edward) Gallaudet University when?
- 1893
- 1986
Who signed the legislation for Gallaudet to offer degrees?
Lincoln
What happened in the late 1800s? Who led this?
- Discouraged use of sign in classroom
- saw speech as necessary to fully function in hearing society
- 1880: Milan Congress: oral method should be preferred to that of signs in the education and instruction of deaf-mutes
- AGB
By 1920, most deaf education programs promoted ____
oralism
Timeline:
- 1960:
- 1964:
- 1970:
- 1975:
- 1988:
- 1990:
- William Stokoe published dissertation proving that ASL is a genuine language, allowing recognition as a national language
- Babbidge Report issued by Congress, identifying oralism as a dismal failure
- Total Communication
- Public Law required free and appropriate education for all handicapped children
- DPN
- ADA: reasonable access, protects from discrimination
What happened on March 6, 1988? the day after?
Gallaudet announced that Elizabeth Zinser, a hearing women, had been named president
- students blocked gates and shut down university
4 demands of DPN students?
1) Zinser must resign & a deaf person made president
2) Spilman (board of trustees chair, hearing) must step down
3) Deaf people must make up 51% of BOT
4) No reprisals against students/employees involved
Who was named first deaf president of Gallaudet?
Dr. I. King Jordan
Check out Timeline on Slide 5 of DC 3
study
