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Astronomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The first person to see that the Milky white band that stretches across the night sky is actually made up of myriad stars

A

Galileo

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2
Q

In the 1780’s, who started counting stars in 683 regions of the Milky Way and determined that we were in the center?

A

William Herschel

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3
Q

William Herschel didn’t take into account what when theorizing that earth was in the center of the Galaxy

A

The gas and dust in the galactic plane that blocks out light from distant stars

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4
Q

Plotted the direction and distances to the star clusters. Studied globular structures, tightly bound clusters of stars, that happened to contain RR Lyrae Type variables which can be used to determine distance to the clusters.

A

Harlow Shapely

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5
Q

Pulsating stars which have a period-luminosity relationship

A

RR Lyrae

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6
Q

The period of pulsation of a star depends on the what?

A

Absolute magnitude

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7
Q

In the 1930’s, ____ discovered interstellar gas and dust

A

Trumpler

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8
Q

How many stellar populations are there?

A

2

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9
Q

Contains O and B stars, open clusters, and high metal content

A

Stellar Population 1

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10
Q

Contains low mass stars, globular clusters, and low metal content

A

Stellar population 2

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11
Q

The speed along the line-of-sight measured using the Doppler shift of spectral lines

A

Radial Velocity

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12
Q

The sum of Tangential and Radial Velocities

A

Space velocity

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13
Q

A point in space that has a velocity equal to the average velocity of all stars including the Sun lying within 100 parsecs of the Sun.

A

Local Standard of Rest (LSR)

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14
Q

The velocity of the LSR is around ______

A

230 km/sec

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15
Q

We can measure the speed of objects around the galactic center at different radii, this is called the _________

A

Galactic rotation curve

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16
Q

What types of waves were used to penetrate through gas and dust in order to study the galactic center?

A

Gamma-rays and radio waves

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17
Q

Speculated about the diffuse nebula astronomers saw as being “Island Universes” in 1755.

A

Immanual Kant

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18
Q

Observed spiral structure in some nebula in 1845

A

Lord Rosse

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19
Q

When did Herschel and son catalogue more than 10,000 nebula?

A

The 1900’s

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20
Q

Features Harlow Shapely as the champion for the spiral nebula being members of our galaxy while Herber Curtis argued they were isolated star systems. This occurred in 1920

A

The Great Debate

21
Q

Used the new 100-inch telescope to observe Cepheid variables in the Andromeda spiral nebula. He determined Andromeda was about 2.25 million light years away

A

Edwin Hubble

22
Q

What are the 4 types of galaxies?

A
  1. Spiral galaxies
  2. Barred spirals
  3. Ellipticals
  4. Irregulars
23
Q

Which Galaxy has very little gas and dust

A

Ellipticals

24
Q

A way of classifying galaxies, but it is not an evolutionary sequence.

A

Hubble Tuning Fork diagram

25
Q

Have no location on the tuning fork diagram

A

Irregulars

26
Q

Gravitational density waves caused by gravitational instabilities. As the stars, gas and dust move through a spiral shock location, they get compressed and induce further star formation.

A

Spiral arms

27
Q

A plot of rotational speed as a function of distance from the center of the Galaxy. In Keplerian orbits, the rotational speed decreases as you go out, but galaxies rotational curves flatten out suggesting “missing mass”

A

Rotational curves of Galaxies

28
Q

Our Galaxy the Milky Way is a member of the

A

Local group

29
Q

All galaxies, except those very close to us, are moving toward us. True or false?

A

False away from us

30
Q

Hubble found a direct correlation between the distance to the Galaxy and its motion or recessional velocity. This Is called

A

Hubble’s law

31
Q

The 4 methods of determining the distances of galaxies.

A
  1. The sizes galaxies appear
  2. The brightness galaxies appear
  3. The sizes of HII Regions
  4. Supernovas
32
Q

Space Telescopes primary mission was to determine reliable values for what?

A

Hubble’s constant

33
Q

The universe started as an infinitely small point 15 billion years ago and space and time expanded out, carrying galaxies, gas and dust, along with it

A

Big Bang theory

34
Q

Einstein theorized that the universe has 3 possible shapes. What are they

A
  1. Spherical
  2. Flat
  3. Hyperbolic
35
Q

What did we recently found to be the universe’s actual shape?

A

Hyperbolic

36
Q

There was a time early on when the universe expanded faster than the speed of light. What was this known as?

A

Inflationary Epoch

37
Q

What occurs in the Main sequence of the HR Diagram?

A

stars are converting hydrogen to helium

38
Q

What is the difference between earth and moon rocks?

A

Lack of water

39
Q

Why is Venus toxic?

A

Global warming

40
Q

Do jovial planets have strong or weak magnetic fields?

A

Strong

41
Q

Thee types of telescopes

A
  1. Reflectors
  2. Refractors
  3. Radio
42
Q

Which of the three telescope work best?

A

Reflectors

43
Q

The shifting in the spectral line due to motion

A

Doppler shift

44
Q

When the moon moves between the sun and the earth

A

Solar eclipse

45
Q

When the moon moves in front of the earth’s shadow

A

Lunar eclipse

46
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The tilt in the earth’s axis

47
Q

How many degrees does the earth tilt

A

23.5

48
Q

What purpose do constellations serve as?

A

Road maps

49
Q

The distance light travels in one earth year

A

Light year

Astronomy (3 decks)

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