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Family Psychotherapy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

interventions aimed at helping he family change maladaptive interactions are called ______?

A

restructuring

strategic + structural

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2
Q

(strategic)

equifinality

A

can’t assume the cause of the symptom are the same

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3
Q

(strategic)

equipotentiality

A

can’t assume different techniques/theories will work for all clients

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4
Q

(strategic)

punctuation

A

ppl interpret language differently

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5
Q

(strategic)

traditional relationship based on differential in power that emphasizes differences between partners

A

complementary

maximize differences
greater stress = greater division of power

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6
Q

(strategic)

symmetrical relationship

A

based in equality
competitive & escalates to higher levels of aggression

partners mirror each others behaviors

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7
Q

strategic: techniques

A

paradoxical interventions

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8
Q

therapeutic double find

A

• variety of paradoxical techniques to change entreneched fam patterns – forces into no-lose situation = attempt new solutions & gain control over symptoms
• destructive form of paradoxical injunction: form of comm that must be obeyed & disobeyed to be obeyed
o 2 conditions must exist: a. close complimentary relationship & b, recipient can’t avoid responding to metacommunication

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9
Q

use of language to bring new meaning to a situation

A

reframing

strategic

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10
Q

directives

A

tasks aimed at breaking inappropriate sequences of beahvior

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11
Q

asked to continue/exaggerate Sx (remove resistance & challenges purpose of symptom) ex. ask family to fight everyday

A

prescribing the symptom

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12
Q

relabeling

A

change label attached to person/problem from neg to positive (alters meaning & invites new response)

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13
Q

paradoxical tasks

A

illogical intervention to maneuver family into abandoning dysfunctional behavior

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14
Q

types of paradoxical tasks

A 
reframing 
relabeling 
prescribe Sx (pretend)
Replace Sx (ordeal)
directives (utilize resistance)
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15
Q

ask client to exhibit Sx

A

pretend/behavior prescription

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16
Q

replace Sx with more beneficial one

A

ordeals/Sx substitution

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17
Q

ask client to slow down not change

A

directives/utilize restistance

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18
Q

Tasks aimed at breaking inappropriate sequences of behaviors

A

directives

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19
Q

circular questioning

strategic

A

An interviewing technique, first formulated by Milan systemic therapists, aimed at eliciting differences in perception about events or relationships from different family members, particularly regarding points in the family life cycle when significant coalition shifts and adaptations occurred.

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20
Q

A type of dyadic transaction or communication pattern in which inequality and the maximization of differences exist (for example, dominant/submissive) and in which each participant’s response provokes or enhances a counter-response in the other in a continuing loop.

A

complementary

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21
Q

counterparadoxes

A

In systemic family therapy, placing the family in a therapeutic double bind in order to counter the members’ paradoxical interactions.

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22
Q

first-order changes

A

Temporary or superficial changes within a system that do not alter the basic organization of the system itself.

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23
Q

hypothesizing

A

As used by systemic therapists, the process by which a team of therapists forms suppositions, open to revision, regarding how and why a family’s problems have developed and persisted; to facilitate asking relevant questions and organizing incoming information, it occurs before meeting the family.

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24
Q

metacommunication

A

A message about a message, typically nonverbal (a smile, a shrug, a nod, a wink), offered simultaneously with a verbal message, structuring, qualifying, or adding meaning to that message.

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25
Q

neutrality

A

As used by systemic family therapists, a nonjudgmental and impartial position, eliciting all viewpoints, intended to enable the therapist to avoid being caught up in family “games” through coalitions or alliances.

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26
Q

A communication to obey a command that is internally inconsistent and contradictory, as in a double-bind message, forcing the receiver to disobey in order to obey.

A

paradoxical injunction

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27
Q

paradoxical interventions

A

A therapeutic technique whereby a therapist gives a client or family a directive he or she wants resisted; as a result of defying the directive, a change takes place.

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28
Q

rituals

A

Symbolic ceremonial prescriptions off ered by a therapist, intended to address family conflict over its covert rules, to be enacted by the family in order to provide clarity or insight into their roles and relationships.

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29
Q

relabeling

A

Verbal redefinition of an event in order to make dysfunctional behavior seem more reasonable and understandable, intended to provoke in others a more positive reaction to that behavior.

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30
Q

punctuation

A

The communication concept that each participant in a transaction believes whatever he or she says is caused by what the other says, in effect holding the other responsible for his or her reactions.

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31
Q

Paradoxical interventions based on play and fantasy, in which clients are directed to “pretend” to have a symptom; the paradox is that if they are pretending, the symptom may be reclassified as voluntary and unreal, and thus able to be altered.

A

pretend techniques

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32
Q

positive connotation

A

A reframing technique used primarily by systemic family therapists whereby positive motives are ascribed to family behavior patterns because these patterns help maintain family balance and cohesion; as a result, the family is helped to view each other’s motives more positively.

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33
Q

A paradoxical technique in which the client is directed to voluntarily engage in the symptomatic behavior; as a result, the client is put in the position of rebelling and abandoning the symptom or obeying, thereby admitting it is under voluntary control.

A

prescribing the symptom

34
Q

second-order changes

A

Fundamental changes in a system’s organization, function, and frame of reference, leading to permanent change in its interactive patterns.

35
Q

A type of dyadic transaction or communication pattern characterized by equality and the minimization of differences; each participant’s response provokes a similar response in the other, sometimes in a competitive fashion.

A

symmetrical

36
Q

symmetrical escalation

A

A spiraling competitive effect in the communication between two people whose relationship is based on equality, so that vindictiveness leads to greater vindictiveness in return, viciousness to greater viciousness, and so forth.

37
Q

systemic family therapy

A

A Milan-model therapeutic approach in which the family, as an evolving system, is viewed as continuing to use an old epistemology that no longer fits its current behavior patterns; the therapist indirectly introduces new information into the family system and encourages alternative epistemologies to develop.

38
Q

therapeutic double bind

A

A general term that describes a variety of paradoxical techniques used to change entrenched family patterns.

39
Q

exceptions

A

In solution-focused therapy, attention to the times when the problem did not occur, intended to help build problem-solving skills.

40
Q

A postmodern procedure for gaining meaning by reexamining assumptions previously taken for granted, in the service of constructing new and unencumbered meanings.

A

deconstruction

41
Q

constructivism

A

The belief that an individual’s knowledge of reality results from his or her subjective perceiving and subsequent constructing or inventing of the world, rather than resulting from how the world objectively exists.

42
Q

relfecting teams

A

A process involving two-way mirrors in which team members observe a family and then discuss their thoughts and observations in front of the family and therapist. Later, the therapist and family discuss the team’s conversations about them.

43
Q

externalizations

A

In the narrative approach, helping families view the problem or symptom as occurring outside of themselves, in an effort to mobilize them to fight to overcome it.

44
Q

unique outcomes

A

In narrative therapy, those instances when the client did not experience the problem; such outcomes are intended to help contradict a client’s problem-saturated outlook.

45
Q

therapeutic double bind is a form of paradoxical injunction & requires ____ 2 conditions?
(strategic)

A

close complementary relationship + recipeint of message can’t avoid responding to metacommunication

doomed to failure no matter what response is

46
Q

strategists believe….all comm takes place on at least 2 levels:

A
  1. surface/content level (what is said) &

2. Metacommunication (qualifies what is said on first level – facial exp/tone)

47
Q

strategists see Sx as a result of

A 
faulty communication (transactional/behavioral) patterns 
& mishandling normal difficulties

problems arise from families missolutions in attempt to resolve problems – must give up faulty solutions

recursive feedback loops that maintain behaivor

48
Q

strategists = people are resistant they are “stuck” in repetitive non-workable solutions to everyday transitions

A

pragmatic therapist directed approach to break familys repetitiev cycle

49
Q

First-order change:

strategic

A

superficial behavioral change, short-lived, doesn’t change structure
(Ex. family agrees to end all arguing)

50
Q

Second-order changes:

strategic

A

revise structure/function-change rules

ex. change families assumptions RE: problem

51
Q

strategist:

all comm has content (report) and relationship (command)

A

= defines relationship

52
Q

strategist:

therapist responsible for change through _____

A

directives:

tasks aimed at eliminating ineffective interational sequences

designed to gain control over Sx & force families to attempt different solutions

53
Q

purpose of paradoxical approaches is?

A

interrupt families established but ineffective pattern of interaction by powerful indirect means

54
Q

therapeutic double bind

A

variety of paradoxical techniques used to change entrenched family patterns

intended to force person into lose-lose (change by remaining the same)

55
Q

prescribing the symptom

strategic

A

form of therapeutic double bind:

direct client to engage in symptom

56
Q

relabeling

strategic

A

form of therapeutic double bind:

change meaning from negative to positive = different perception

language is used to alter the interpretation of what has occurred to invite possibilty of new response

57
Q

the goal of therapeutic double bind (relabeling & prescribing the sx) ?

A

change the structure of family relationships & interactions

58
Q

MRI: 3 types of misguided solutions

A
  1. actions is needed but not taken
  2. actions is taken when unnecessary
  3. actions is taken at wrong level
59
Q

(strategic) in every transaction = struggle for control of the definition of the relationship

A

Sx in 1 partner = maladaptive control strategy

60
Q

problems involve 2 or 3 people

strategic

A

focus on problematic family structures (hiearchy, boundaries)
+
dysfunctional behavioral sequences

61
Q

(strategic)

bypass resistance through paradoxical directives

A

have client hold onto Sx and induce directions to induce change

62
Q

stages of strategic:

A

brief social stage: observe family members
problem stage: why family is here
interactional stage: discuss problem
goal setting stage: determine problem wished to resolve
task setting stage: assignments/directives

63
Q 
paradoxical tasks (strategic) 
1.	Pretend
A

= behavior prescription – produce behavior even when not present - Ask client to exhibit their Sx
• if you can create Sx = you can get out of it - awareness/ownership
• (Ex. Pretend to be depressed throughout the week)

64
Q 
paradoxical tasks (strategic) 
2. ordeals
A

= Sx substitution - replace Sx w/more beneficial Sx
• Client directed to engage in a mildly noxious activity that is also good for them each time Sx appears – (Ex. Trouble sleeping—clean the entire house

65
Q 
paradoxical tasks (strategic) 
directives
A
  1. utilize resistence – ask client to slow down, not change
    o Tasks aimed at breaking inappropriate sequences of behaviors
    o 2 forms:
    ♣ prescriptive (ask client to do something)
    • ex. restrain from change & ordeal
    ♣ descriptive: (relabel w/positive meaning)
    o (Ex. client suspicious of spouse affair – pretend to be a spy & find evidence that they’re not having an affair)
    o goal = change behavior to change perception + intensify sessions by involving therapist + father info based off reactions
66
Q

Strategic Theory

A
  • communication theory, active, straightforward, use of directives/tasks change interactional patterns
  • remove dysfunctional bhncr sequence by tracking fam interactional patterns + directive
  • view problems by focus on: sequence of interactions & hierarchy of interactions – what maintains behaviors
  • change oriented, Clients determine what the problem is
  • focus on what gets communicated and how
  • focus on hierarchies, triangles & transactions to see how presenting problem is maintained by faily
  • help family re-examine belief systems (vs helping them change their interactive patterns)
  • brief (10 sess-terminante when problems gone), structured sessions, pragmatic, non-historical,
  • faulty comm & mishandling normal difficulties = dysfunction – focus on process of exchange (vs content)
  • problems arise from families solutions in attempt to resolve problems – must give up faulty solutions
  • all comm has content (report) and relationship (command) = defines relationship
67
Q

Marital schism

A

(2 patterns of chronic marital conflict in schizo families: (schizo due to failure of both parents to be supportive & develop complementary roles) How disturbed families maladtively deal w/emotions & maintain relationships
• Parents preoccupied with own problems – undermine each others worth to children & compete for loyalty, affection, sympathy and support of children
• Parents don’t respect / value each other – fear that child will end up like spouse
• Common = Threats of separation/divorce & father is shunned

68
Q

Marital Skew:

A
  • 1 parent with serious psychological disturbance + other parent is weak/dependent
  • weak parent accepts situation / denies realityl tells children its normal
  • lead to further denial & distortions of reality by children
  • common = male schizos from skewed family with dominant/emotionally disturbed mother
69
Q

Pseudomutuality

A
  • False appearance of a mutual, open & understanding relationship
  • used to cover up conflict / conceal distance & lack of intimacy btwn members
  • shared family defense mechanism to avoid separation from eachother + meaninglessness
  • labels member Identified patient = allows myth by others that their normal
  • family emphasis on togetherness & views personal identity as threat to family
  • results in: no sense of self, lack in outside social interaction + family as priority
70
Q

pseudohostility

A

: bickering = Inability to deal with intimacy + impairs realistic sense of relationships

71
Q

First order cybernetics

A
  • Family systems possess self-regulating ability. & Feedback processes can simultaneously occur at several systems levels with families.
  • how systems are self-regulated & maintain stability – all changes understood as effort to keep constancy & all constancy kept through change
  • Use of self-regulating feedback mechanism to resist change & maintain balance
  • Analysis of feedback mechanisms = evidence of purpose & goal-directed behavior toward self regulation
72
Q

Enabled family:

A

succeeds at balancing needs + operating on behalf of interest of members

73
Q

• most therapists might start with a theoretical preference, but in practice eventually become eclectic

A

true

74
Q

triadic, “I” positions

A

• bowen –

75
Q

Building supportive partnerships within the family is a goal of

A

= psychoeducational therapy

76
Q

Brief therapy =

A

strategic, social construct, CBT (NOT contemporary psychoanalytic)

77
Q

Solution focused intervention =

A

posing miracle questions

78
Q

Structuralist = combine action & insight

A

TRUE

79
Q

White bypassed insight and action by focusing instead on cognitive change via finding new meanings

A

true

80
Q

• Experiential therapist

A

= strive to be active, open & spontaneous

81
Q

= try to help the family detach from a dominating story line

A

Narrative therapist

Family Psychotherapy (4 decks)

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