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English 304 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

the study of effective speaking and writing and the art of persuasion, division between what is communicated through language and how this is communicated

A

rhetoric

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2
Q

the style and delivery of speech

A

lexis

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3
Q

consideration of things or substance

A

res

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4
Q

consideration of verbal expression

A

verba

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5
Q

the equipment required to achieve the intended meaning or effect

A

ornament

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6
Q

a speaker or writer tailors words to context and audiences towards some discernible result or effect

A

encompassing terms

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7
Q

a speaker or writer takes into account the contingencies of a given place and time, and considers the opportunities within this specific context for words to be effective and appropriate to that moment

A

kairos

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8
Q

takes into account how an audience shapes the composition of a text or responds to it

A

audience

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9
Q

requiring one words and subject matter be aptly fit to each other, to the circumstances and occasion, the audience and the speaker

A

decorum

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10
Q

encompassing terms (3)

A

kairos
audience
decorum

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11
Q

serve analytical and generative purposes

A

canons of thetoric

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12
Q

the discovery of ideas

A

invention

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13
Q

organization of these ideas - deciding on the focus of introduction, body and conclusion, deciding where, in the course of a speech, to put the strongest argument

A

arrangement

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14
Q

matter of finding and ordering words for clarity, correctness and effectiveness

A

style

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15
Q

canons of rhetoric (5)

A 
invention
arrangement
style
memory
delivery
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16
Q

five encompassing concerns of style which relate style to grammar, audience, effective and affective appeals, the guiding principles of decorum and the importance of ornamenting language through figurative speech

A

virtues of style

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17
Q

stylistic concerns within the rhetorical tradition (4)

A

virtues of style
levels of style
qualities of style
figures of speech

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18
Q

virtues of style (5)

A 
correctness
clarity
evidence
propriety
ornateness
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19
Q

to move

A

high style or grand style

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20
Q

to please

A

middle style

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21
Q

to teach

A

low or plain style

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22
Q

interpretive in nature and overlap broadly with figures of speech or the virtues and levels of style

A

qualities of style

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23
Q

often associated with politics and public life, is the kind of rhetoric that tries to get people to do things or not do them

A

deliberative rhetoric

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24
Q

deals with matters of accusation and defence

A

forensic rhetoric

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25
Q

ceremonial

A

epideictic rhetoric

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26
Q

inventional strategies

A

word cache/freewriting
journalists’ questions
Burke’s pentad
tagmemics

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27
Q

techniques or procedures for the exploration of ideas

A

heuristics

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28
Q

five terms Burke’s suggests for analyzing actions and human motives

A 
act
agent
agency
scene
purpose
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29
Q

the writer considers his or her subject first as particle, then wave, then field

A

tagmemics

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30
Q

something static and defined

A

particle

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31
Q

something that changes over time and space

A

wave

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32
Q

something that is a context for other things - or something within context itself

A

field

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33
Q

the argument from the character of the speaker

A

ethos

34
Q

the element of the speech that addresses the emotions of the audience

A

pathos

35
Q

“arguments themselves”, the logical content of a speech

A

logos

36
Q

comes from outside the speech itself

A

extrinsic

37
Q

made in and by the speech itself

A

intrinsic

38
Q

arguments that move from general propositions to specific ones in order to make a claims of some sort

A

deductive arguments

39
Q

abbreviated version of a syllogism typically used in speech and writing when a deductive argument is what we want

A

enthymeme

40
Q

of course fido will love that bone; hes a dog

A

enthymeme

41
Q

arguments proceed from the specific case to the general one

A

inductive arguments

42
Q

three kinds of syllogisms

A

categorical
hypothetical
disjunctive

43
Q

major premise: all dogs love bones
minor premise: fido is a dog
conclusion: fido loves bones

A

categorical syllogisms

44
Q

if-then statement

A

hypothetical syllogism

45
Q

then statement

A

consequent

46
Q

if statement

A

antecedent

47
Q

either p or q, but not both

A

disjunctive syllogism

48
Q

“locations” you can use for exploring “the available means of persuasion”

A

topoi

49
Q

compare the number of working parents now to the number in 1950

A

past fact

50
Q

since well-organized group daycare can provide a stimulating environment for children, it should be available to more children

A

greater and lesser

51
Q

if daycare for those who can afford it means that x number of people can achieve meaningful employment, how many more people might be able to enter the workforce if we made daycare more affordable for everyone

A

a fortiori

52
Q

elaborate the options for parents and children for whom daycare is not available

A

opposites

53
Q

cite examples or on-site daycare to demonstrate what is possible

A

possible and impossible

54
Q

use interviews to demonstrate the positive consequences to parents and children of responsible daycare

A

consequences

55
Q

what is daycare?

A

definition

56
Q

cite Quebec legislation to compare the economics of the subsidized option with providing financial incentives to people who want to, and can, look after their own children during the day

A

comparison

57
Q

topos (8)

A 
past fact
greater and lesser
a fortiori
opposites
possible and impossible
consequences
definition
comparison
58
Q

where writers take an oppositional line and argue directly against the arguments of possible opponents

A

refutative or refutation

59
Q

writers anticipate the possible objections to specific arguments and build response to those objects into their essays

A

prolepsis

60
Q

“to the man” or “to the women”

A

ad hominem; ad feminem

61
Q

type of argument that falsely shifts the ground of debate, or changes the subject without seeming

A

red herrings

62
Q

i wouldn’t believe anything that doctor says about smoking; shes a heavy smoker herself

A

red herrings

63
Q

“to the people”

A

ad populum

64
Q

plays on the listeners tendency or desire to do what other people are doing

A

bandwagon

65
Q

stirs emotion in people by using terma that are very positively loaded or very negatively loaded

A

glittering terms

66
Q

appeal to pity

A

argumentum as misericordiam

67
Q

assumes as a premise a point that has yet to be proven; the absence of the proof is frequently deliberate

A

begging the question

68
Q

assert their premise as their argument and they usually do so through assuming the listener is already in agreement with an embedded premise

A

circular argument

69
Q

each analogy and each truncated analogy seen in the form of a metaphor, needs investigation to see if the comparison being made actually works

A

false analogy

70
Q

when the sources are not qualified as authorities in the particular case

A

false authority

71
Q

presents to the listener with two mutually exclusive options, as the only options available

A

false dilemma (false alternatives)

72
Q

fallacy of induction, to generalize too quickly is often to draw conclusions based on insufficient data

A

hasty generalization

73
Q

conclusions drawn from insufficient or insufficiently relevant premises, they usually indicate a gap in reasoning

A

non sequiturs

74
Q

seeks to discount what someone has to say, whether or not it is logically valid or truthful, by suggesting a priori that the author’s association with some person, group or behaviour means the author cannot be trusted, and therefore neither can the argument

A

poisoning the well (association error)

75
Q

“after this, therefore because of this”, fallacy of correlation and causation

A

post hoc ergo propter hoc

76
Q

“with this, therefore because of this”, involves a false attribution of causation which suggests that because two things happen at the same time one causes the other

A

com hoc error

77
Q

suggests false consequences, one act will supposedly inevitably lead to a whole host of other acts

A

slippery slope

78
Q

the arguer unwilling to engage with a complex opposing position, will reinterpret the opposing position as more extreme or even entirely different than it actually is in order to argue against it more convincingly

A

straw arguments

79
Q

ad hominem: ad feminam (1)

A

red herrings

80
Q

ad populum (3)

A

bandwagon
glittering terms
argumentum as misericordiam

81
Q

post hoc ergo propter hoc (1)

A

com hoc error

82
Q

rhetorical fallacies (13)

A

ad hominem; ad feminam

ad populum

begging the question

circular argument

false analogy

false authority

false dilemma (false alternatives)

hasty generalization

non sequiturs

poisoning the well (association error)

post hoc ergo propter hoc

slippery slope

straw arguments

English 304 (1 decks)

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