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Intro To ABA > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

ABA is based on _________

A

Operant Conditional Therapy

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2
Q

3 reasons why people with Autism exhibit behaviors:

A
  1. Attention
  2. Escape
  3. Avoid
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3
Q

What is the ABC’s of ABA

A

Antecedent- what triggers the behavior
Behavior- the action (either good or bad)
Consequence- the outcome of the behavior

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4
Q

DTT

A

Discrete Trial Training

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5
Q

VBA

A

Verbal Behavior Analysis

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6
Q

NET

A

Natural Environmental Training

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7
Q

PRT

A

Pivotal Response Training

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8
Q

B.F. Skinner: Verbal Behavior (1957)

A

Manding
Tacting
Echoic
Intraverbal

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9
Q

A ___________ should occur on every trial and be carefully faded to minimize errors.

A

Prompting

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10
Q

3 Behaviorist who had a large part in establishing behaviorism:

A

Skinner
Watson
Pavlov

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11
Q

For there to be a behavior it must be _________ and __________

A

Observable and Measurable

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12
Q

3 branches of behavior analysis:

A

Applied Behavior Analysis
Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Professional Practice

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13
Q

7 Dimensions of ABA:

A 
Applied 
Behaviorism 
Analytic 
Technological 
Conceptually 
Effectiveness 
Generality
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14
Q

List 3 important characteristics of ABA:

A

Has to be observable and measurable
ABC’s of ABA
Modify the behavior

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15
Q

List 5 areas of Application in BA:

A 
Autism 
ADD-Attention Deficit Disorder 
ADHD- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 
OCD- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 
Phobias
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16
Q

The founder of ABA was _________ but _________ perfected it.

A

Skinner

Lovaas

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17
Q

Who was the founder of Operant Conditioning?

A

Skinner

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18
Q

_____________ is any external or internal observable and measurable act of an organism.

A

Behavior

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19
Q

___________ is anything that is seen, heard, smelt, tasted, or felt.

A

Observable

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20
Q

__________ is anything that can be counted.

A

Measurable

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21
Q

_________ is something that stimulates or gets a reaction from something else.

A

Stimulus

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22
Q

___________ are a verbal or physical stimulus such as a command or request. What happens before the behavior.

A

Antecedents

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23
Q

_________ are the outcomes, conditional to the behavioral.

A

Consequences

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24
Q

The skill to be learned is broken down into the smallest units for easy learning.

A

Chaining

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25
Q

Are things used that fade systematically and as quickly as possible from a more intrusive prompt. They are used to teach or to obtain a particular behavior.

A

Prompting

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26
Q

Gradually reducing and eventually eliminating prompting.

A

Fading

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27
Q

_________ involves gradually modifying the existing behavior into the desired behavior.

A

Shaping

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28
Q

One technique found to be effective with some students, particularly children- the use of taped sequences as exemplars of behaviors.

A

Video Modeling

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29
Q

Anything that, when presented as a consequence of a response, increases the probability or frequency of that response.

A

Reinforce

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30
Q

A consequence that decreases the probability or frequency of that response.

A

Punisher

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31
Q

Involves from full physical (hand over hand) to hand on wrist, hand on elbow, hand on shoulder, shadowing, to fading your proximity.

A

Physical Prompt

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32
Q

Using language to prompt

A

Verbal prompt

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33
Q

Pointing or using motions

A

Gestural prompts

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34
Q

_______ is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.

A

ABA

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35
Q

__________ is someone who does ABA and who is properly trained to do it well.

A

Behavior Analyst

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36
Q

____________ is a behavior analyst who has met the considerable educational requirements and passed a test to demonstrate their knowledge of ABA.

A

BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst)

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37
Q

_______________ is someone who does behavior therapy, and like a behavior analyst, should be trained to do it well.

A

Behavior Therapist

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38
Q

____________ is generally thought of as an approach to psychotherapy that relies on the use of therapeutic techniques based on principles of learning, primarily operant and classical conditioning

A

Behavior Therapy

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39
Q

_________________ refers to any of a number of types of psychotherapy that emphasizes trying to help clients deal better with their problems by helping them to change the ways they think or talk to themselves about things. It is NOT a part of ABA.

A

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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40
Q

______________ is the science of contingent relations between behavior and other events.

A

Behaviorology

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41
Q

Ogden Lindsley: if a dead man can do it, it’s not a behavior.

A

Dead Man’s Rule

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42
Q

_____________ are those behaviors targeted for change.

A

Target Behavior

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43
Q

_________________ refers to behavior that is potentially directly observable by the public.

A

Response.

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44
Q

One try, attempt, repetition, or instance of a behavior, often in a situation set up to teach the behavior.

A

Trail

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45
Q

_________________ are behaviors that are not effective in achieving their goal and/or have other unwanted consequences They may be socially or otherwise unacceptable because of their short-or long-term consequences for the individual who performs these behaviors or for their consequences or effects on others.

A

Maladaptive Behavior

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46
Q

_________________ is a behavior that immediately and predictably follows something in the environment.

A

Adaptive Behavior

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47
Q

_________________ are usually useful socially acceptable behaviors that are effective or functional in serving their purpose.

A

Verbal Behavior

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48
Q

___________ is a request. Asking for something. De-mand, com-mand.

A

Mand

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49
Q

________ is another verbal behavior term that essentially means to name or label something.

A

Tact

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50
Q

_________________ refers to behavior such as thinking, imaging and feeling that is not directly observable to the public Other actions inside our bodies, such as heart beat or brain waves, are also considered covert behaviors.

A

Covert Behaviors

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51
Q

_________________ refers not just to spoken language, but to other forms of communications as well, such as reading and writing. Sign language is a type of verbal behavior.

A

Overt Behavior

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52
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder and the 3 levels:

A

Autism
Pervasive Developmental Disability-Not Otherwise Specified
Aspergers

Level 1: Requiring Support
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support

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53
Q

__________ is what happened next after the target behavior occurs, usually immediately after.

A

Consequence

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54
Q

_______________ is the frequency with which a certain behavior occurs depends on what happens right after it occurs, that is, the behaviors immediate consequence.

A

Operant Conditioning

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55
Q

_________________ is when the consequences of behavior are such that they make the behavior or likely to occur again in the future.

A

Positive Reinforcement

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56
Q

Developed by E.L. Thorndike in the early 1900s used to emphasize the importance of the actual effects of behavior in the learning process.

A

Law of Effect

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57
Q

Try behaving in different ways until something that works to get the consequence or result that you want.

A

Trial and Error

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58
Q

_______________ is generally tangible or otherwise observable consequences. These are reinforcers that we can usually see, feel, touch, taste, or smell.

A

Extrinsic Reinforcers

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59
Q

______________ is the act of doing something may be reinforcing by itself. Creative activities are often considered to be intrinsically reinforcing.

A

Intrinsic Reinforcers

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60
Q

_________________ is a type of secondary reinforcement that involves getting attention from others.

A

Social Reinforcement

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61
Q

Such as money. In addition to being a conditioned reinforcer, generalized reinforcers, such as money, tokens, stars, chips, points and the like can have the reinforcing effects of the various reinforcers for which they can be exchanged.

A

Generalized Reinforcer

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62
Q

_________________ are used to reinforce generalized reinforcers- these are reinforcers that can be exchanged for generalized reinforcers (for things such as TV, car, clothes, books, toys, snacks, privileges, ect.)

A

Backup Reinforcer

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63
Q

When a bit of food is used as a reinforcers.

A

Edibles

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64
Q

Things that have lost their reinforcement capability for a brief time.

A

Satiation

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65
Q

Basically getting used to something.

A

Habituation

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66
Q

Behavior is increased by stopping an unpleasant or aversive condition as soon as the desired behavior occurs.

A

Negative Reinforcement

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67
Q

_________________is when the behavior puts an end to an already existing aversive situation.

A

Escape

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68
Q

_________________is behaving a certain way to avoid the aversive event before it occurs.

A

Avoidance

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69
Q

_________________ is the process through which behavior is eliminated by withholding reinforcement.

A

Extinction

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70
Q

The unwanted behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of an aversive consequence which results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior that immediately proceeded it.

A

Punishment

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71
Q

If a behavior is punished and suppressed in one situation where it is not punished

A

Behavioral Contrast

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72
Q

_________________ is the undesirable behavior is followed by the loss of subtraction if something that individual values.

A

Response Cost

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73
Q

When people receive reinforcement every time they perform a particular behavior.

A

Continuous Reinforcement

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74
Q

The behavior is reinforced sometimes, but not always.

A

Intermittent Reinforcement, Partial Reinforcement

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75
Q

Schedule in which the individual is always reinforced for the same number of times the target behavior happens the simplest schedule to use.

A

Fixed Ratio

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76
Q

Schedule the number of responses required for reinforcement keeps changing. It is the average number of behaviors used for reinforcement. The most powerful and effective of the basic reinforcement schedules.

A

Variable Ratio

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77
Q

If the behavior occurs after the specified period of time is elapsed

A

Fixed interval

78
Q

It doesn’t matter how many unsuccessful attempts for the behavior during a period of times, it only matters if the behavior occurred successfully once.

A

Variable interval

79
Q

_________________ is the process by which we change schedules from continuous to partial

A

Thinning

80
Q

_________________ or sometimes referred to as imitative, vicarious, observational or social learning, is the process through which an individual’s behavior changes after observing someone else (called a model) perform the behavior, rather than by personality performing the behaviors and directly experiencing the consequences.

A

Modeling

81
Q

Includes the behaviors that someone has the ability to currently perform, right now, but most of which are not being presently performed.

A

Behavior Repertoire

82
Q

Improves behavior sufficiently to produce practical results for the participant/client

A

Effective

83
Q

Theoretical and philosophical issues.

A

Behaviorism

84
Q

Demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and no occurrence of the behavior-that is, was the subjects behavior that changed.

A

Analytic

85
Q

____________ is providing behavior analytic services to consumers.

A

Professional practice

86
Q

Produces behavior changes that last over time, appear in other environments, or spread to other behaviors.

A

Generality

87
Q

Basic research

A

Experimental Analysis of behavior

88
Q

Behavior change interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior

A

Conceptually Systematic

89
Q

Entails precise measurement of the actual behavior in need of improvement and documents that it was the subjects behavior that changed.

A

Behavioral

90
Q

Applied research

A

Applied Behavior Analysis

91
Q

Investigates socially significant behaviors with immediate importance to the subject

A

Applied

92
Q

This approach involves using something to trigger a desired response; it could be verbal or nonverbal or showing them something visual.

A

Prompting

93
Q

The written description of all procedures used in the study is sufficiently Congolese and detailed to enable others to replicate it.

A

Technological

94
Q

_________________ is the founder of behaviorism

A

John Watson

95
Q

5 General Principles of the APA (American Psychological Association) Code of Conducts:

A

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Fidelity and Responsibility

Integrity

Justice

Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

96
Q

4 Domains of ABA:

A

Behaviorism

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Professional Practice

97
Q

ABA

A

Applied Behavior Analysis

98
Q

ADA

A

American with Disabilities Act

99
Q

AS

A

Asperger’s Syndrome

100
Q

ASA

A

Autism Society of America

101
Q

CARS

A

Childhood Autism Rating Scale

102
Q

DD

A

Developmental Disability

103
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders

104
Q

FA

A

Functional Assessment or Functional Analysis

105
Q

MR

A

Mental Retardation

106
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

107
Q

ODD

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

108
Q

OT

A

Occupational Therapy

109
Q

Pat

A

Physical Therapy

110
Q

PBS

A

Positive Behavior Support

111
Q

PDD

A

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

112
Q

PDD-NOS

A

Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified

113
Q

PECS

A

Picture Exchange Communication System

114
Q

SIB

A

Self-Injurious Behavior

115
Q

BCBA

A

Board Certified Behavior Analyst

116
Q

FBA

A

Functional Behavior Analysis

117
Q

HOH

A

Hand Over Hand

118
Q

IEP

A

Individual Education Plan

119
Q

NET

A

Natural Environment Teaching

120
Q

PRT

A

Pivotal Response Teaching

121
Q

SSB

A

Self-Stimulatory Behavior

122
Q

Can

A

Verbal Behavior

123
Q

DRA/I/O Behavior

A

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative, or Other Behavior

124
Q

CDC

A

Center of Disease Control and Prevention

125
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

126
Q

ASD

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

127
Q

ABA

A

Applied behavior analysis

128
Q

ABC’s of ABA

A

Antecedent-What triggers the behavior
Behavior- The act itself
Consequence- What happens after the behavior

129
Q

A form of Autism with the main differences being these children are typically very verbal, have large social deficits, and have more neurological issues(such as being clumsy). These children often go undiagnosed until they are older.

A

Asperger’s Syndrome

130
Q

This is the board certification required for a person to become a Behavior Analyst and it is recognized worldwide. In the field of ABA, this is the gold standard for professionals.

A

Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)

131
Q

Observable and measurable responses to cues in the environment

A

Behavior

132
Q

_________ approach to treating Autism is based on the latest scientific research that shows Autism to have at least some biological causes, such as heavy metals or an over growth of yeast.

A

Bio-Medical Approach

133
Q

Used to teach multi step skills in which the steps involved are defined and numbered. The steps are defined through task analysis. Can be either done backward, forward, or total task analyses.

A

Chaining

134
Q

_______ is there actual age calculated by when they were born.
_______ is based on the child’s level of functioning and there adaptive skills.

A

Chronological Age

Developmental Age

135
Q

This means having multiple diagnosis at the same time, such as a child being diagnosed with Autism, OCD, and an Anxiety disorder.

A

Co-Morbidity

136
Q

_______ is simply what happens after the behavior. It can be good or bad.

A

Consequence

137
Q

Describes anyone who creates the treatment/behavioral plans, trains and supervises staff, and may or may not assist with hiring staff.

A

Consultant

138
Q

_____ is a classroom that has only special needs children. These classrooms have a smaller teacher to student ratio than an inclusive classroom.

A

Contained classroom

139
Q

An ABA principle which states that the more deprived of a particular reinforcer, the more powerful that reinforcer will be.

A

Deprivation

140
Q

A child is given a diagnoses of DD when they aren’t progressing as they should be and aren’t meeting developmental milestones such as crawling, sitting up, talking, etc.

A

Developmentally Delayed

141
Q

A specific method of instruction in which a task is isolated and taught to an individual by repeatedly presenting the same task to the person

A

Discrete Trial Training

142
Q

This is the demand of directive given to a child, to obtain a specific response. This is a technical term that basically means a demand or instruction you give to the child.

A

Discriminative stimulus

143
Q

__________ is used by a variety of professionals across the world to diagnoses or treat individuals. The DSM is basically a handy manual that catalogs all mental conditions, disorders, and syndromes and explains how to diagnose each one.

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

144
Q

This is a VB term. _______ is being able to vocally imitate upon request.

A

Echoic

145
Q

This is when a child”echoes” or imitates things they hear. It can be immediate or delayed.
What are the three forms?

A

Echolalia

Immediate
Delayed
Scripted

146
Q

________ is when a child wanders away from a person, or an area they are supposed to stay in.

A

Elopement

147
Q

_________ means speaker behavior, and refers to take that require a vocal response such as singing or talking.

A

Expressive

148
Q

_______ is the withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, resulting in reduction of that behavior.

A

Extinction

149
Q

What are two forms of language?

A

Expressive and receptive

150
Q

Skinners 4 VB

A

Mand
Tact
Echoic
Intraverbal

151
Q

________ is the increase in frequency and/or intensity of behavior in the early stages of extinction.

A

Extinction burst

152
Q

This is the process by which all behavioral interventions are created. An FBA is intended to determine the function (or the reason) for a behavior, and then create an intervention based on that function.

A

Functional Behavior Analysis

153
Q

These are the activities that require the coordination of the smaller muscle of the body, especially those of the hand.

A

Fine motor skills

154
Q

___________ is a treatment method for autism that focuses on child-led, play focused activity using a naturalistic approach. It is not a type of ABA due to not being empirically supported.

A

Floor time

155
Q

Term used to describe the ability to learn a skill in one situation and be able to apply it flexibly to other similar but different situations, people, places, and time.

A

Generalization

156
Q

These are the activists we do using our larger muscles groups; like sitting, walking, and jumping

A

Gross motor skills

157
Q

Acute reaction to sensory input(overly sensitive)

A

Hypersensitivity

158
Q

Little or no reaction to sensory input( under-sensitive)

A

Hyposensitivity

159
Q

_________ is the individualized curriculum plan that school age children have if they are in special education. An IEP is a legal document and the process should be taken very seriously and with much consideration for the child’s future.

A

Individual Education Plan (IEP)

160
Q

______ is a classroom with both special needs and typical children learning together.

A

Inclusive classroom

161
Q

This is the plan of action or the strategy you will use to change a behavior.

A

Intervention

162
Q

This is a VB term. _______ is being able to label or describe an item without any stimuli present.

A

Intraverbal

163
Q

ABA is sometimes referred as this, after Dr. Lovaas who conducted groundbreaking studies on autism and ABA in the 1950s which were critical to the development of this field.

A

Lovaas therapy

164
Q

To ________ a child means that they can be successfully placed in a typical classroom, as opposed to a special education classroom.

A

Main Stream

165
Q

This is a VB term. ______ is basically a “demand”. This is being able to verbally request something that one wants.

A

Mand

166
Q

A mental disorder characterized by significantly under-average General intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior. It is classified on the basis of severity as mild, sever, and profound.

A

Mental Retardation (MR)

167
Q

This refers to when a child inappropriately places items/toys, etc in their mouth. Depending on the child, licking items could also be considered this.

A

Mouthing

168
Q

Take inedible things and eat them

A

Pica

169
Q

______ is a type of ABA where learning occurs incidentally in the natural environment, such as the bus stop, in the tub, or during dinner.

A

Natural Environment Teaching (NET)

170
Q

This was a form of autism. Despite popular opinion, it is not a way for doctors to “avoid giving a diagnosis of autism”. Basically, a diagnosis of this is as doctors way of telling you “your child is on the spectrum somewhere, but they aren’t fitting neatly into any one box”

A

Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

171
Q

Displaying excessively repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, such as asking for a pretzel 18 times in 5 minutes or repeating a line from a commercial over and over again.

A

Perseveration Behavior

172
Q

______ is a communication system for functionally non-verbal individuals. The approach is designed to help young children with autism learn to initiate requests and communicate their needs.

A

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

173
Q

This form of assistance or cue given to help your child complete a task. There are several different types of these: physical, gestural, position, model, verbal, symbolic, and visual.

A

Prompt

174
Q

______ is something used to motivate a child not to complete a task or not to engage in behavior.

A

Punisher

175
Q

_______ is a listener behavior.

A

Receptive

176
Q

_______ is something used to motivate a child to complete a task, and as a reward for said task.

A

Reinforcer

177
Q

When a reinforcer loses its effectiveness due to overuse.

A

Satiation.

178
Q

This is when a child engages in a verbal stun where they repeat or “script”, phrases or entire sections of a TV show, movie, commercial, etc.

A

Scripting

179
Q

This is when a child responds to a demand by either deceptively or expressively linking several responses together.

A

Scrolling

180
Q

______ are actions that that the child performs that result in a physical injury to the child’s own body.

A

Self-injurious behavior (SIB)

181
Q

Also referred as “Stimming”. These are self-initiated, repetitive movements.

A

Self stimulatory behavior (SSB)

182
Q

______ refers to different strategies or techniques used to meet. Raise, or lower internal sensory needs such as weighted vests, sensory diets, or brushing procedures.

A

Sensory integration

183
Q

These are professionals who often work with children with Autism to provide therapy services related to speech, movement, developmental goals, coordination, and functional communication.

A

Speech Language Therapist/Occupational Therapists/Physical Therapist

184
Q

This is a VB term. _____ is being able to label or describe an item with stimuli being present.

A

Tact

185
Q

This is the behavior of interest you are trying to increase, or decrease.

A

Target behavior

186
Q

May refer to changes from one activity or setting to another such as from an early childhood program to school or from a preferred play activity to as work activity.

A

Transitions

187
Q

Reducing the demands put upon the individual in an effort to avoid or decrease frustration levels.

A

Task reduction

188
Q

______ is a type of ABA based on the works of B.F. skinner that focuses on understanding language as a behavior

A

Verbal Behavior(VB)

189
Q

______ is away of describing a schedule of reinforcement.

A

Variable interval (VI)

190
Q

______ is a way of describing a schedule of reinforcement.

A

Variable Ratio(VR)

Intro To ABA (2 decks)

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