Final Flashcards
What is punishment
positive and negative punishment should discontinue a behavior. Corporal punishment is spanking. Example of Operant Cond.
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning – what is the unconditioned stimulus and response Operant Conditioning – what are reinforcers and punishment Habituation – reduction in strength of a response – may or may not happen Recovery Imitation Pavlov – ambiguous stimulis
Generativity
in the psycho-social sense refers to the concern for establishing and guiding the next generation and is said to stem from a sense of optimism about humanity.
Pruning
Overproduction of neurons can result in pruning. Synaptic pruning – reducing redundance and unused synapses to support future development
Hemispheres
Left – Language, Joy, Piece by piece, Sequencing, Analytic Right – Spatial, Distress, Holistic, making sense of distance, shapes, etc. Plasticity – allows uncommitted parts of the brain to take over when damage happens
Cepholocaudal
Cepholocaudal – head to tail (Birth to 2 time to start catching up)
Recency
When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall), people tend to begin recall with the end of the list, recalling those items best (the recency effect)
Primacy
The serial position effect says that when given a list of information and later asked to recall that information, the items at the beginning (primacy)
Proximodistal
Proximodistal – near to far (body and motor development follow this pattern)
Amnion/ Chorion Villi
am·ni·on ˈamnēˌän,-ən/Submit noun the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal
Yolk sac/ Placenta
yolk sac (blood cell production, until liver, spleen and marrow take over), placenta (transmission of nutrients and waste/ prevents mixing of bloods)
Trimester
Fetus (growth and finishing phase) – (W9-12) Rapid increase in size, organs and systems connect and begin to coordinate & rehearse. Kicking, thumb-sucking, mouthing, “breathing”. Sex is evident – 12th week. Second Trimester – Reactance to light and sound, rapid growth, movement felt, Vernix (creamy/cheeselike substance) and lanugo (downy hair) protect from chapping (W13-24) If birth 22-26 wk needs O2 – equipment in place – unprepared for process 20-28 weeks periods of awakeness ↑ 0-11%, HR↑ then E bursts (willful?), influences on temperament ↑ fetal activity:↑ tolerance for stress Last trimester – Age of viability - chance of survival increases daily. Lungs mature, brain develops further, fat added, antibodies transmitted, rotation in preparation for birth (W25-38) 28 wks feel pain, blink in response to sound, acquire tastes, respond to sounds ♀♂, mother stronger, familiar reading (Cat in the Hat ex. Hmmm
XX, XY
Ovum (XX) Sperm (XY) join typically resulting in XX(female) or XY(male), and the zygote is formed (table 2.1).
Ages 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6
2-3 Simple dressing, zips/unzips large zipper, spoon use 3-4 large buttons, self-serves food, uses safety scissors, copies vertical line, draws 1st person with tadpole image (circle-stick figure) 4-5 uses fork, cuts with scissors along line, copies triangle, cross, some letters 5-6 – uses knife to cut soft food, ties shoes, draws six-part person (head, torso, legs, arms), copies some numbers and words
Adaptation Assimilation Accomidation
Adaptation (10) * - building schemes through direct interaction Assimilation (12)* - current schemes used to interpret the world Accommodation (13) – we create new schemes or adjust old ones after realizing that the old ones do not work – sort of informed adaptation
APGAR
