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Bio 170 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Isotope

A

Missing or extra number of neutrons. Protons and electrons are the same.

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2
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotes, have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. Sister group Eukarya

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Simplest cell, no membrane-bound organelles.

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4
Q

Eukaroytes

A

Have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope

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5
Q

Sister group of Archea

A

Eukarya

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6
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Covalent bond formed between two amino acid molecules

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7
Q

R group

A

Chemical group attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid

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8
Q

Mass units

A

Protons + neutrons

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9
Q

Glucose

A

Monomer

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10
Q

Amino Acid

A

Monomer of broken down protein

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11
Q

Carrier molecules

A

Structures that stick, carry a molecule to change the charge

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12
Q

pH scale

A

Increase H+ –> more acidic

Increase OH- –> more basic

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13
Q

Salmonella, E coli

A

Represent first bacteria

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14
Q

Starch

A

Made up of glucose

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15
Q

Molecule to diffuse in portal

A

Molecule must dissolve in water, can only dissolve in water if it’s polar. If non-polar, has to dissolve with charges

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16
Q

Active transport

A
  1. Facilitated transport + added energy 2. Changing shape of protein 3. Driving movement of a molecule
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17
Q

Suffix -some

A

Unit

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18
Q

Insulin

A

Polypeptide

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19
Q

rRNA

A

Looks at sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA

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20
Q

Peptidoglycans

A

Amino acid —covalent bond— sugar

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21
Q

Mesosomes

A

Increase surface area, add more protein and enzymes

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22
Q

Na+/K+

A

K+ into cell, Na+ out of cell

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23
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

DNA into mRNA, gets read by ribosome, takes in 3 sets of nucleotide. Nucelotide goes into rRNA three at a time and matches the three with tRNA

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24
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Factory for protein synthesis (contains ribosomes + mRNA)

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25
Q

IKI

A

Starch indicator

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26
Q

Lumen

A

Inside of tube

27
Q

Gene

A

Gives right enzyme to produce in protein synthesis

28
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

Synthesis of sugar in chloroplast, c-c-c-c

29
Q

Protists

A

Amoeba, paramecium, euglema

30
Q

Amoeba

A

Responsiveness to external enviornment

31
Q

Paramecium

A

Cell movement

32
Q

Euglena

A

Chloroplast

33
Q

-cytes

A

Stem cells

34
Q

Ammalids

A

Earthworm

35
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer (connective)

36
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer, maintaining prebiotic soup (muscle (contractive) nervous)

37
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner layer (epithelial)

38
Q

Phosphase

A

Breaks down nucleus

39
Q

Metaphase

A

Line up chromosomes in the equator of cells

40
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles

41
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope is formed

42
Q

Veins

A

Carry to heart

43
Q

Arteries

A

Carry out the heart

44
Q

Path of red blood cells

A

Red blood cells enter the right side, travel up pulmonary artery to lung to pick up oxygen. Travel to left side of heart, heart pumps rdc rich in oxygen to body. Oxygen is dropped of, Carbon dioxide is picked up. Rbc takes CO2 to right side of heart. Heart pumps rbc to lungs where CO2 is dropped of and O2 is picked up.

45
Q

Membrane featuring lipids

A

Saturated fatty acid cause it to be more fluid

Unsaturated fatty acid cause it to be less fluid

46
Q

Hypertonic

A

Concentration with higher solute concentration and less water concentration. Water flows out of cell, cell shrinks.

47
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower solute concentration and more water concentration. Water into cell, cell bursts.

48
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution in which water molecule and solute molecule are equal in concentration. Equillibrium

49
Q

Competitive inhibitior

A

Binds to active site of enzyme

50
Q

Oxidize

A

Loses electrons, decrease potential energy

51
Q

Reduced

A

Gains electrons, increase potential energy

52
Q

Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)

A

Occurs in mitochondria, creates carbon molecules

53
Q

Glycolysis

A

Glucose molecule broken down to two pyruvate. Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA

54
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Capture light energy from the sun to produce energy stored in ATP and NADPH through a process called photosynthesis

55
Q

Carbon fixation

A

Inorganic carbon (CO2) bonds with organic compound

56
Q

Actin

A

Protein binding protein used to strengthen tight junctions

57
Q

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

A

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

58
Q

Photosystem II

A

Takes electrons from water

59
Q

Tubulin

A

Does not require ATP to function

60
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. Increase entropy

61
Q

-ose

A

Amount of carbon atoms, ex. hexose = 6 carbon atoms

62
Q

Active transport

A

Passing through cell membrane from high concentration to low

63
Q

Smooth E.R

A

Synthesize lipids

64
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Made up of microtubules and microfilaments

Bio 170 (3 decks)

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