Final

Question 1

Isotope

Answer 1

Missing or extra number of neutrons. Protons and electrons are the same.

Question 2

Archaea

Answer 2

Prokaryotes, have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. Sister group Eukarya

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Simplest cell, no membrane-bound organelles.

Question 4

Eukaroytes

Answer 4

Have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope

Question 5

Sister group of Archea

Answer 5

Eukarya

Question 6

Peptide Bond

Answer 6

Covalent bond formed between two amino acid molecules

Question 7

R group

Answer 7

Chemical group attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid

Question 8

Mass units

Answer 8

Protons + neutrons

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

Monomer

Question 10

Amino Acid

Answer 10

Monomer of broken down protein

Question 11

Carrier molecules

Answer 11

Structures that stick, carry a molecule to change the charge

Question 12

pH scale

Answer 12

Increase H+ –> more acidic

Increase OH- –> more basic

Question 13

Salmonella, E coli

Answer 13

Represent first bacteria

Question 14

Starch

Answer 14

Made up of glucose

Question 15

Molecule to diffuse in portal

Answer 15

Molecule must dissolve in water, can only dissolve in water if it’s polar. If non-polar, has to dissolve with charges

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

1. Facilitated transport + added energy 2. Changing shape of protein 3. Driving movement of a molecule

Question 17

Suffix -some

Answer 17

Unit

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Polypeptide

Question 19

rRNA

Answer 19

Looks at sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA

Question 20

Peptidoglycans

Answer 20

Amino acid —covalent bond— sugar

Question 21

Mesosomes

Answer 21

Increase surface area, add more protein and enzymes

Question 22

Na+/K+

Answer 22

K+ into cell, Na+ out of cell

Question 23

Protein Synthesis

Answer 23

DNA into mRNA, gets read by ribosome, takes in 3 sets of nucleotide. Nucelotide goes into rRNA three at a time and matches the three with tRNA

Question 24

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

Factory for protein synthesis (contains ribosomes + mRNA)

Question 25

IKI

Answer 25

Starch indicator

Question 26

Lumen

Answer 26

Inside of tube

Question 27

Gene

Answer 27

Gives right enzyme to produce in protein synthesis

Question 28

Calvin Cycle

Answer 28

Synthesis of sugar in chloroplast, c-c-c-c

Question 29

Protists

Answer 29

Amoeba, paramecium, euglema

Question 30

Amoeba

Answer 30

Responsiveness to external enviornment

Question 31

Paramecium

Answer 31

Cell movement

Question 32

Euglena

Answer 32

Chloroplast

Question 33

-cytes

Answer 33

Stem cells

Question 34

Ammalids

Answer 34

Earthworm

Question 35

Ectoderm

Answer 35

Outside layer (connective)

Question 36

Mesoderm

Answer 36

Middle layer, maintaining prebiotic soup (muscle (contractive) nervous)

Question 37

Endoderm

Answer 37

Inner layer (epithelial)

Question 38

Phosphase

Answer 38

Breaks down nucleus

Question 39

Metaphase

Answer 39

Line up chromosomes in the equator of cells

Question 40

Anaphase

Answer 40

Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles

Question 41

Telophase

Answer 41

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope is formed

Question 42

Veins

Answer 42

Carry to heart

Question 43

Arteries

Answer 43

Carry out the heart

Question 44

Path of red blood cells

Answer 44

Red blood cells enter the right side, travel up pulmonary artery to lung to pick up oxygen. Travel to left side of heart, heart pumps rdc rich in oxygen to body. Oxygen is dropped of, Carbon dioxide is picked up. Rbc takes CO2 to right side of heart. Heart pumps rbc to lungs where CO2 is dropped of and O2 is picked up.

Question 45

Membrane featuring lipids

Answer 45

Saturated fatty acid cause it to be more fluid | Unsaturated fatty acid cause it to be less fluid

Question 46

Hypertonic

Answer 46

Concentration with higher solute concentration and less water concentration. Water flows out of cell, cell shrinks.

Question 47

Hypotonic

Answer 47

Lower solute concentration and more water concentration. Water into cell, cell bursts.

Question 48

Isotonic

Answer 48

Solution in which water molecule and solute molecule are equal in concentration. Equillibrium

Question 49

Competitive inhibitior

Answer 49

Binds to active site of enzyme

Question 50

Oxidize

Answer 50

Loses electrons, decrease potential energy

Question 51

Reduced

Answer 51

Gains electrons, increase potential energy

Question 52

Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer 52

Occurs in mitochondria, creates carbon molecules

Question 53

Glycolysis

Answer 53

Glucose molecule broken down to two pyruvate. Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA

Question 54

Chloroplasts

Answer 54

Capture light energy from the sun to produce energy stored in ATP and NADPH through a process called photosynthesis

Question 55

Carbon fixation

Answer 55

Inorganic carbon (CO2) bonds with organic compound

Question 56

Actin

Answer 56

Protein binding protein used to strengthen tight junctions

Question 57

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

Answer 57

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

Question 58

Photosystem II

Answer 58

Takes electrons from water

Question 59

Tubulin

Answer 59

Does not require ATP to function

Question 60

Hydrolysis

Answer 60

Reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. Increase entropy

Question 61

-ose

Answer 61

Amount of carbon atoms, ex. hexose = 6 carbon atoms

Question 62

Active transport

Answer 62

Passing through cell membrane from high concentration to low

Question 63

Smooth E.R

Answer 63

Synthesize lipids

Question 64

Cytoskeleton

Answer 64

Made up of microtubules and microfilaments