Final Flashcards
what is a lichen?
a mutualistic association with a fungus and cyanobacteria or alga
How does the lichen and fungus both benefit from their relationship?
the fungus is fed by the organic matter produced by the lichen. The lichen is protected by the fungus by the prevention of dehydration, promoting the dissolution and chelation of inorganic nutrients from the rock or other surfaces. The fungus facilitates the uptake of water.
What are the vertices and their representation on the triad triangle?
Pathogen (the what causing the disease), Host( the who, who the pathogen is affecting), Environment (where the pathogen is affecting the host)
What is the central component of the disease triad?
Time. Most infectious diseases have an incubation period, time between when the host is infected and when disease symptoms occur.
What are the characteristics of the host?
age, prior exposure, susceptibility, immune response
What are the characteristics of the pathogen?
toxicity, virulence, infectivity, susceptibility to antibiotics, and ability to survive outside the body
What are the characteristics of the environment?
climate, physical structures, population density, social structure
What are the stages of the host defenses?
Exposure, adherence, invasion, growth and colonization
What are human defense mechanisms?
adaptive and innate immunity, sterilization, autoclaves, antibiotics, vaccines. detergents, and native flora
What are bacterial virulence mechanisms?
adherence, invasion, degradative enzymes, exotoxins, endotoxins, superantigens, resistance, induction of excess inflammation
what are some diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes?
strep throat, impetigo, SSTS, necrotizing fasciitis, and scarlet fever
What allows S. pyogenes to cause multiple diseases?
S. pyogenes has phages that encode for various virulence factors including SpeA,B,D,F. Can undergo lysosgenic conversion
What causes the common cold?
rhinovirus and coronaviruses, both SS RNA viruses
What causes the flu?
SS negative sense RNA, orthomyxovirus
What are the differences between the flu and col symptoms?
The cold has nasal discharge, sore throat, and slight malaise. The flu has fever, headache, malaise and vomiting and diarrhea(children)
