Final

Question 1

Class dominance theory

Answer 1

Argument that small elite/upper class dominate and influence societal institutions; compatible with conflict theory

Question 2

Coercion

Answer 2

The threat/use of physical force in order to ensure compliance

Question 3

Legitimate authority

Answer 3

Power that is recognized as rightful by those over whom it is exercised

Question 4

Traditional authority

Answer 4

Power based on a belief in the sanctity of long standing traditions and the legitimate right of rulers to exercise authority in accordance to those traditions (can’t get over the past)

Question 5

Rational law authority

Answer 5

Power based on a belief in the lawfulness of enacted laws and the legitimate right of leaders to exercise authority under such rules

Question 6

Authoritarianism

Answer 6

Form of govt where ordinary people are denied the right to participate in govt while the political power is controlled by the elite

Question 7

Politics

Answer 7

Art or science of influencing public policy

Question 8

Representative democracy

Answer 8

Political system where citizens elect representatives to govern them

Question 9

Direct democracy

Answer 9

All citizens participate in govt

Question 10

PACs (Political Action Commitees)

Answer 10

Organizations created by interest groups in order to raise money to fund political candidates who favor them

Question 11

Reserve army of labor

Answer 11

Pool of job seekers whose numbers outpace the available positions & contribute to keeping wages low and conditions of work tenuous

Question 12

Scientific management

Answer 12

Practice that sought to use principals of engineering to reduce the physical movement of workers

Question 13

Automation

Answer 13

Replacement of human labor by machines in the process of manufacturing

Question 14

Unemployed

Answer 14

People who are jobless and actively looked for work in the prior four weeks and are available to work

Question 15

Not In the labor force

Answer 15

When people are neither employed or OFFICALLY unemployed

Question 16

Marginally attached to the labor forces

Answer 16

People who would like to work and searched for a job for the past 12 months

Question 17

Emotional labor

Answer 17

Management of feelings or emotions to create a publicly observable facial and bodily displace in return for a wage

Question 18

Public sector

Answer 18

Jobs linked to the govt and encompass production of goods and services for the benefit of state/citizens

Question 19

Private sector

Answer 19

Goods and services to the economy and consumers; primary motive=profit

Question 20

Preventive medicine

Answer 20

Medicine that emphasizes a healthy lifestyle that will prevent poor health before it occurs

Question 21

Sick role

Answer 21

Cultural definition of the appropriate behavior of and response to people labeled as sick

Question 22

Public health

Answer 22

The science and practice of health protection and maintenance at a community level

Question 23

Morbidity

Answer 23

The rate of ILLNESS in a particular population

Question 24

Mortality

Answer 24

Rate of DEATH in a particular population

Question 25

War Economy

Answer 25

The phenomenon of war boosting economic productivity and employment, particularly in capital and labor intensive sectors such as industrial production

Question 26

ethnic cleansing

Answer 26

The physical expulsion of a large group from a territory claimed by another group

Question 27

War (functionalist perspective) questions

Answer 27

Manifest (obvious) and latent(hidden) functions of war

Question 28

Conflict perspective on war

Answer 28

Who benefits from war and who loses

Question 29

Demography

Answer 29

The science of population size, distribution, and composition

Question 30

Population momentum

Answer 30

The tendency of population growth to continue beyond the point when replacement-rate fertility has been achieved because of the high concentration of people of childbearing age

Question 31

Net migration

Answer 31

In-migration - out-migration = net migration

Question 32

Crude birth rate

Answer 32

Number of births each year per 1,000 people

Question 33

Rate of natural increase

Answer 33

Crude birth rate - the crude death rate = rate of natural increase

Question 34

Exponential population growth

Answer 34

Belief that a constant rate of population growth produces a population that grows by an increasing amount with each passing year

Question 35

Agricultural surplus

Answer 35

Food beyond the amount required for immediate survival

Question 36

Urban growth machine

Answer 36

those person and institutions that have a stake in an increase in the value of urban land and that constitute a power elite in cities

Question 37

Urban renewal

Answer 37

The transformation of old neighborhoods with new buildings, businesses, and residences

Question 38

Gentrification

Answer 38

The attempt to change the socioeconomic composition of old and poor neighborhoods with the remodeling of old structures and building of new residences and shops to attract new middle and high income residents

Question 39

Mega city

Answer 39

A city with a population over 10m

Question 40

Treadmill of production

Answer 40

The constant and aggressive growth needed to sustain the modern economy

Question 41

Nation-state

Answer 41

A single people (nation) governed by political authority (state). Similar to country