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Subluxation Theory > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which area of the brainstem can produce almost total analgesia when stimulated appropriately?

  • Edinger Whestphal nucleus
  • PAG
  • Substantia Nigra
  • Inferior Olivary Nucleus
A

Substantia Nigra

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2
Q

Which of these is the determining factor in the rate of neural regeneration after injury?

  • rate of axoplasmic or bulk flow
  • Schwann cell destruction
  • nerve conduction velocity
  • central integrative velocity
  • central integrative state of the spinal cord
A

rate of axoplasmic or bulk flow

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3
Q

Which of these is beneficial for the patient with lower crossed syndrome?

  • Quads strengthening
  • Ab exercises
  • Back extensor exercises
  • hip flexor exercises
A

Ab exercises

upper crossed = weak abs and hip extensor, strong back extensor and quads

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4
Q

What is the relationship between ROM and stability in the spine?

  • increased stability with increased ROM
  • increased stability with decreased ROM
  • decreased stability with decreased ROM
  • reduction of ROM caused instability
A

increased stability with decreased ROM

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5
Q

According to the gate control theory of pain modulation, input on _____ fibers will inhibit input ______ fibers.

  • Ia, A-gamma
  • A-delta, type C
  • Ia, type C
  • A-delta, Ia
A

Ia, type C

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6
Q

Which of these NT act as a trophic factor?

  • Acetylcholine
  • Epinephrine
  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

Which of these are a transitional vertebra?

  • C5
  • T7
  • C1
  • L3
A

C1

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8
Q

Which term refers to the loss of the ability of a muscle to undergo effective contraction?

  • Hypertonicity
  • Atony
  • Spastic Response
  • Spam
A

Atony

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9
Q

Nociceptive facilitation results from overstimulation of the _______ in the _______ horn of the spinal cord.

  • substantia gelatinosa, dorsal
  • raphae nucleus, lateral
  • substantia nigra, anterior
  • raphae nucleus, dorsal
A

substantia gelatinosa, dorsal horn

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10
Q

Which nerve fiber has the fastest conduction velocity?

  • Ia afferent
  • Type A-delta
  • Type C
  • Ib fibers
A

Ia afferent

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11
Q

Which of these contribute to upper crossed syndrome?

  • long periods of computer work
  • wearing high heels
  • rhomboid hypertonicity
  • abdominal strength
A

long periods of computer work

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12
Q

referred pain patterns are a result of ________ reflexes

  • somato-somatic
  • viscero-somatic
  • somato-visceral
  • visceral-visceral
A

viscero-somatic

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13
Q

Which of these is an example of stress vertebra in the spine?

  • C1
  • C5
  • T1
  • T12
A

C5

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14
Q

A tensegrity structure contains both _____ and ______ components

  • compressive, tensile
  • rigid, compressive
  • contractile, compressive
  • tensile, elastic
A

compressive, tensile

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15
Q

What is the basis of axoplasmic (bulk) flow?

  • rhythemic peristaltic contraction of the cell membrane
  • anterograde transport along the microtubule network
  • retrograde transport along the microtubule network
  • change in the membrane potential alternating down the axon
A

rhythemic peristaltic contraction of the cell membrane

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16
Q

What is the roll of the locus coeruleus in pain modulation?

  • excitation of the 2nd pain neurons
  • activation of substantia nigra
  • activation of spinothalamic tract
  • activation of the GABA pool in the spinal cord grey matter
A

activation of the GABA pool in the spinal cord grey matter

17
Q

What neuron A stimulates neuron B, neuron B sends chemical signals btwn neuron A and self

  • myelination
  • axonotmesis
  • plasticity
  • facilitation
A

plasticity

18
Q

Which summarizes Hilton’s Law?

  • Decreased use of soft tissue leads to less severity
  • a nerve innervating a joint innervates the muscle that move and the skin overlying the joint
  • increased stress on bone leads to decreased growth in those direction
  • increased stress on bone leads to increased density of bone
A

a nerve innervating a joint innervates the muscle that move and the skin overlying the joint

19
Q

Which is the term for changing a nerve’s membrane potential to bring it close to ……

  • dysafferentation
  • descending inhibition
  • facilitation
  • central biasing
A

facilitation

20
Q

Slow, constant stretch on a muscle results in slow, constant contraction. The _________ response of the muscle spindle.

  • static
  • negation
  • dynamic
  • cancellation
A

static

21
Q

Which process refers to complete destruction of a nerve distal to…..

  • neurapraxia
  • neuronal inhibition
  • physiological conduction
  • Wallerian degeneration
A

Wallerian degeneration

22
Q

NT used by the raphae nucleus magnus is__________.

  • Seratonin
  • Acetylcholine
  • Norepinephrine
  • GABA
A

Seratonin

23
Q

Which might a person experience pain receding up to the extremity following an adjustment?

  • removal of an axonal transport blockage
  • viscerosomatic response
  • ascending inhibitory pathway activation
  • reticular formation facilitation
A

removal of an axonal transport blockage

24
Q

The posterior vertebral muscles are supplied with motor impulses by:

  • anterior primary rami of spinal nerves
  • posterior primary rami of cranial nerves
  • brachial plexus
  • posterior primary rami of spinal nerves
A

posterior primary rami of spinal nerves

25
Q

According to Logan, how does rotary scoliosis benefit the body?

  • maintaining tension on the spinal cord
  • utilizing scoliosis to maintain the center of mass within the base
  • normalizing the tension thru paraspinal musculature
  • reducing tension on spinal cord
A

utilizing scoliosis to maintain center of gravity…

26
Q

What is the biomechanical advantage of bipedalism?

  • greater stability due to higher center of gravity
  • greater stability due to lower center of gravity
  • easier to initiate movement
  • greater stability to back extensors
A

easier to initiate movement

27
Q

which is sensory to the posterior fibers of the disc and facet joint capsule?

  • grey rami communicantes
  • recurrent meningeal nerve and posterior primary rami
  • ventral primary rami
  • white rami comminucantes
A

recurrent meningeal nerve and posterior primary rami

28
Q

Which grade of nerve injury has the highest probability of recovery?

  • Grade I
  • Grade II
  • Grade III
  • Grade IV
A

Grade I

29
Q

The descending inhibitory pathway of nociception modulation is initiated in the:

  • dorsal horn
  • PAG
  • ventral horn
  • central commissure
A

PAG

30
Q

What is the basis for the dysaffernetation model?

  • somato-somatic reflex
  • coupled motion
  • gravity
  • neuroendocrine connections
A

somato-somatic

31
Q

what is transported via axonal retrograde transport?

  • nerve growth factor
  • axoplasm
  • dynamic
  • gamma
A

nerve growth factor

32
Q

sudden stretch of a muscle results in contraction. This is the ___ response to the muscle spindle.

  • static
  • negation
  • dynamic
  • gamma
A

dynamic

33
Q

muscle spasm resulting from subluxation is _____ reflex and ______ Law.

  • viscero-somatic, Wolfe
  • Viscero-somatic, Hilton
  • somato-somatic, Wolfe
  • somato-somatic, Hilton
A

somato-somtic, Hilton

34
Q

Which muscle group will be weaker on a patient with lower crossed syndrome?

  • erector spine
  • quads
  • hamstrings
  • psoas
A

hamstrings

35
Q

irritation if dorsal horn cells from an organ, resulting in anterior horn activation is an example of _____ response.

  • somato-somatic
  • somato-visceral
  • viscero-somatic
  • somato- automatic
A

viscero-somatic

36
Q

increased sensitivity of muscle spindles resulting from increased gamma motor neuron gain level is the basis of which theory?

  • proprioceptive insult
  • motor denervation
  • aberrent axonal transport
  • compressive myelopathy
A

motor denervation

37
Q

Subluxation in the upper thoracic spine resulting from gallstones is an example of a _____ reflex.

  • somato-visceral
  • somato-somatic
  • viscero-somatic
  • viscero-visceral
A

viscero-somatic

38
Q

Which of these describes Nerve 1 injury?

  • physiological conduction block
  • damage and degeneration of axon within the axon sheath
  • damage to the axon and the endoneurium
  • damage to the axon, endoneurium, and the perineurium
A

physiological conduction block

Subluxation Theory (2 decks)

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