Final Flashcards
Which area of the brainstem can produce almost total analgesia when stimulated appropriately?
- Edinger Whestphal nucleus
- PAG
- Substantia Nigra
- Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Substantia Nigra
Which of these is the determining factor in the rate of neural regeneration after injury?
- rate of axoplasmic or bulk flow
- Schwann cell destruction
- nerve conduction velocity
- central integrative velocity
- central integrative state of the spinal cord
rate of axoplasmic or bulk flow
Which of these is beneficial for the patient with lower crossed syndrome?
- Quads strengthening
- Ab exercises
- Back extensor exercises
- hip flexor exercises
Ab exercises
upper crossed = weak abs and hip extensor, strong back extensor and quads
What is the relationship between ROM and stability in the spine?
- increased stability with increased ROM
- increased stability with decreased ROM
- decreased stability with decreased ROM
- reduction of ROM caused instability
increased stability with decreased ROM
According to the gate control theory of pain modulation, input on _____ fibers will inhibit input ______ fibers.
- Ia, A-gamma
- A-delta, type C
- Ia, type C
- A-delta, Ia
Ia, type C
Which of these NT act as a trophic factor?
- Acetylcholine
- Epinephrine
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Which of these are a transitional vertebra?
- C5
- T7
- C1
- L3
C1
Which term refers to the loss of the ability of a muscle to undergo effective contraction?
- Hypertonicity
- Atony
- Spastic Response
- Spam
Atony
Nociceptive facilitation results from overstimulation of the _______ in the _______ horn of the spinal cord.
- substantia gelatinosa, dorsal
- raphae nucleus, lateral
- substantia nigra, anterior
- raphae nucleus, dorsal
substantia gelatinosa, dorsal horn
Which nerve fiber has the fastest conduction velocity?
- Ia afferent
- Type A-delta
- Type C
- Ib fibers
Ia afferent
Which of these contribute to upper crossed syndrome?
- long periods of computer work
- wearing high heels
- rhomboid hypertonicity
- abdominal strength
long periods of computer work
referred pain patterns are a result of ________ reflexes
- somato-somatic
- viscero-somatic
- somato-visceral
- visceral-visceral
viscero-somatic
Which of these is an example of stress vertebra in the spine?
- C1
- C5
- T1
- T12
C5
A tensegrity structure contains both _____ and ______ components
- compressive, tensile
- rigid, compressive
- contractile, compressive
- tensile, elastic
compressive, tensile
What is the basis of axoplasmic (bulk) flow?
- rhythemic peristaltic contraction of the cell membrane
- anterograde transport along the microtubule network
- retrograde transport along the microtubule network
- change in the membrane potential alternating down the axon
rhythemic peristaltic contraction of the cell membrane
What is the roll of the locus coeruleus in pain modulation?
- excitation of the 2nd pain neurons
- activation of substantia nigra
- activation of spinothalamic tract
- activation of the GABA pool in the spinal cord grey matter
activation of the GABA pool in the spinal cord grey matter
What neuron A stimulates neuron B, neuron B sends chemical signals btwn neuron A and self
- myelination
- axonotmesis
- plasticity
- facilitation
plasticity
Which summarizes Hilton’s Law?
- Decreased use of soft tissue leads to less severity
- a nerve innervating a joint innervates the muscle that move and the skin overlying the joint
- increased stress on bone leads to decreased growth in those direction
- increased stress on bone leads to increased density of bone
a nerve innervating a joint innervates the muscle that move and the skin overlying the joint
Which is the term for changing a nerve’s membrane potential to bring it close to ……
- dysafferentation
- descending inhibition
- facilitation
- central biasing
facilitation
Slow, constant stretch on a muscle results in slow, constant contraction. The _________ response of the muscle spindle.
- static
- negation
- dynamic
- cancellation
static
Which process refers to complete destruction of a nerve distal to…..
- neurapraxia
- neuronal inhibition
- physiological conduction
- Wallerian degeneration
Wallerian degeneration
NT used by the raphae nucleus magnus is__________.
- Seratonin
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine
- GABA
Seratonin
Which might a person experience pain receding up to the extremity following an adjustment?
- removal of an axonal transport blockage
- viscerosomatic response
- ascending inhibitory pathway activation
- reticular formation facilitation
removal of an axonal transport blockage
The posterior vertebral muscles are supplied with motor impulses by:
- anterior primary rami of spinal nerves
- posterior primary rami of cranial nerves
- brachial plexus
- posterior primary rami of spinal nerves
posterior primary rami of spinal nerves
According to Logan, how does rotary scoliosis benefit the body?
- maintaining tension on the spinal cord
- utilizing scoliosis to maintain the center of mass within the base
- normalizing the tension thru paraspinal musculature
- reducing tension on spinal cord
utilizing scoliosis to maintain center of gravity…
What is the biomechanical advantage of bipedalism?
- greater stability due to higher center of gravity
- greater stability due to lower center of gravity
- easier to initiate movement
- greater stability to back extensors
easier to initiate movement
which is sensory to the posterior fibers of the disc and facet joint capsule?
- grey rami communicantes
- recurrent meningeal nerve and posterior primary rami
- ventral primary rami
- white rami comminucantes
recurrent meningeal nerve and posterior primary rami
Which grade of nerve injury has the highest probability of recovery?
- Grade I
- Grade II
- Grade III
- Grade IV
Grade I
The descending inhibitory pathway of nociception modulation is initiated in the:
- dorsal horn
- PAG
- ventral horn
- central commissure
PAG
What is the basis for the dysaffernetation model?
- somato-somatic reflex
- coupled motion
- gravity
- neuroendocrine connections
somato-somatic
what is transported via axonal retrograde transport?
- nerve growth factor
- axoplasm
- dynamic
- gamma
nerve growth factor
sudden stretch of a muscle results in contraction. This is the ___ response to the muscle spindle.
- static
- negation
- dynamic
- gamma
dynamic
muscle spasm resulting from subluxation is _____ reflex and ______ Law.
- viscero-somatic, Wolfe
- Viscero-somatic, Hilton
- somato-somatic, Wolfe
- somato-somatic, Hilton
somato-somtic, Hilton
Which muscle group will be weaker on a patient with lower crossed syndrome?
- erector spine
- quads
- hamstrings
- psoas
hamstrings
irritation if dorsal horn cells from an organ, resulting in anterior horn activation is an example of _____ response.
- somato-somatic
- somato-visceral
- viscero-somatic
- somato- automatic
viscero-somatic
increased sensitivity of muscle spindles resulting from increased gamma motor neuron gain level is the basis of which theory?
- proprioceptive insult
- motor denervation
- aberrent axonal transport
- compressive myelopathy
motor denervation
Subluxation in the upper thoracic spine resulting from gallstones is an example of a _____ reflex.
- somato-visceral
- somato-somatic
- viscero-somatic
- viscero-visceral
viscero-somatic
Which of these describes Nerve 1 injury?
- physiological conduction block
- damage and degeneration of axon within the axon sheath
- damage to the axon and the endoneurium
- damage to the axon, endoneurium, and the perineurium
physiological conduction block
