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Chemistry 110 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 ideal gas behavior properties?

A
  1. Made up of very tiny molecules
  2. Demonstrate rapid motion in straight lines and in random direction
  3. Molecules have no attraction for one another
  4. Molecules undergo elastic collisions
  5. Kinetic energy depends on temperature (K)
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2
Q

What are the 5 typical gas properties?

A
  1. Has an indefinite shape
  2. Low density
  3. Can be compressed
  4. Can expand
  5. Can mix completely with other gases in the same container
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3
Q

How much more dense is water than air?

A

About 1000 times more.
Water = 1.0 g/mL
Air = 0.001 g/mL

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4
Q

If the volume of the gas is reduced enough, what will happen?

A

The gas will liquefy

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5
Q

How does the volume of gas increase?

A

If we increase the size of its container

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6
Q

A mixture of gases in one container will mix to form what kind of mixture?

A

Homogeneous

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7
Q

1 mole of ANY gas occupies how many liters at STP?

A

22.4 L

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8
Q

The volume occupied by one mole of gas is called what?

A

Molar Volume

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9
Q

What does STP mean and their measurements?

A

Standard Temperature & Pressure

0 degrees Celsius & 760 mmHg

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10
Q

If one mole of gas equals 22.4 L of gas, how many molecules are in 22.4L of gas?

A

6.02 x 10^23 (Avogadro’s Number)

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11
Q

What is atmospheric pressure a result of?

A

Motion of the air molecules in the environment

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12
Q

What is a Barometer?

A

Tool that measures atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

Who made the Barometer?

A

Evangelista Torricelli

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14
Q

What are the 4 atmospheric pressure measurements? (in. Hg, torr, mmHg, atm)

A

29.9 in.Hg = 760 torr = 760 mmHg = 1 atm

ALL AT SEA LEVEL

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15
Q

What is gas pressure the result of?

A

Constantly moving gas molecules striking the inside surface of their container

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16
Q

The more often the gas molecules collide with the inside surface of its container, the _ _ _.

A

higher the pressure

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17
Q

What does Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures state?

A

The total pressure of gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the individual pressures of each gas

18
Q

Define partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by each gas in a gaseous mixture

19
Q

What are the 3 variables that affect gas pressure?

A
  1. Volume of container
  2. Gas temperature
  3. The number of molecules in the container
20
Q

What is the relation between volume and pressure?

A

When volume increases, pressure decreases. When volume decreases, pressure increases.

21
Q

What does Boyle’s Law state about volume of a gas?

A

Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant temperature

22
Q

What is the equation to find VOLUME after a change in PRESSURE?

A

V1 x (P1/P2) = V2

23
Q

What is the equation to find the PRESSURE after a change in VOLUME?

A

P1 x (V1/V2) = P2

24
Q

What does Charles’ Law state about gas?

A

Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin (C +273) at constant pressure
[Volume = Temperature]

25
Q

What happens to molecules in absolute zero?

A

All molecules have completely stopped moving

26
Q

Define absolute zero. + Temperature both celsius & kelvin

A

The temperature where the pressure and volume of a gas theoretically hits zero.
-273 celsius
0 kelvin

27
Q

Write Charles’ Law as an equation with proportionality constant “K”.

A

v=Kt

v/t=K

28
Q

What is the equation to find a new VOLUME after a change in TEMPERATURE?

A

V1 x T2/T1 = V2

29
Q

What is the equation to find a new temperature after a change in volume?

A

T1 x V2/V1 = T2

30
Q

How do you find kelvin?

A

Degrees in celsius + 273

31
Q

Why does pressure decrease when the number of molecules decrease?

A

The fewer molecules, the less collision there is between the molecules and the inside surface of its container.

32
Q

Why does pressure increase when the number of molecules increases?

A

The more molecules there are, the more collisions there are between the molecules and the inside surface of its container.

33
Q

Why does pressure decrease when temperature decreases?

A

Decrease in temp. causes slower moving molecules which results in less collision between molecules & inside surface of its container

34
Q

Why does pressure increase when temperature increases?

A

Increase in temp. causes faster moving molecules resulting in more collisions between the molecules and the inside surface of its container

35
Q

What did Gay-Lussac discover?

A

Pressure & Temperature in Kelvin of gas are directly proportional

36
Q

Write Gay-Lussac’s Law as an equation using proportionality constant “K”.

A

p=Kt
or
p/t=K

37
Q

What is the equation to find pressure after a change in temperature?

A

P1 x T2/T1 = P2

38
Q

What is the equation to find temperature after a change in pressure?

A

T1 x P2/P1 = T2

39
Q

In regards to temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V), what did Boyle. Charles, and Gay-Lussacs laws’ involve?

A

Boyle: P&V
Charles: V&T
Gay-Lussacs: P&T

40
Q

What is the Combined Gas Law Equation?

A

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T1

41
Q

In the Ideal Gas Law, what is the proportionality constant “R”?

A

It is the ideal gas constant

R = 0.0821 [ (atm)(L) / (mol)(K) ]

42
Q

What is temperature & pressure at STP?

A 
Temperature = 273 K aka 0 celsius
Pressure = 1 atm

Chemistry 110 (3 decks)

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