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FRHD1100 Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define the components of psychosocial health:

A
  • Mental Health
  • Emotional Health
  • Social Health
  • Spiritual Health
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2
Q

Components of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:

A

The human needs are arranged with the most basic human needs at the bottom of the pyramid and the secondary and higher needs placed in ascending order on the hierarchy.

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3
Q

How can one better manage their moods?

A
  • Make a change
  • Be Happy
  • Learn to Laugh
  • Move a little more often
  • Sleep
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4
Q

Define: Mental Illness

A

“alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour (or a combination of these) associated with significant distress, dysfunction, and impaired functioning”

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5
Q

Links between mental and physical health:

A

Individuals with mental illness can develop physical symptoms such as weight loss and blood biochemical imbalances associated with eating disorders.

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6
Q

Define: Stigma

A

Severe social disapproval

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7
Q

Define and describe: Anxiety Disorders

A

May involve inordinate fears of certain objects or situations (phobias); episodes of sudden, inexplicable terror (panic attacks); chronic distress (GAD); or persistent, disturbing thoughts and behaviours.

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8
Q

Define and Describe: Attention Disorders and Depressive Disorders

A

(ADHD) Individuals with ADHD present with a number of symptoms that include hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility.
Depression is the worlds most common mental ailment, it affects the brain, the mind, and the body in complex ways.

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9
Q

Define and Describe: Schizophrenia

A

One of the most debilitating mental disorders, profoundly impairs an individual’s sense of reality. Symptoms include:

  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Inability to think in a logical manner
  • Talking in rambling or incoherent ways etc.
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10
Q

Factors associated with suicide:

A
  • Mental disorders
  • Personality traits
  • biologic and genetic vulnerability
  • medical illness
  • psychological stressors
  • School pressures
  • social difficulties
  • Family problems
  • confusion about sexual orientation
  • drug and alcohol abuse
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11
Q

Treatment options for mental health:

A
  • Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
  • Interpersonal Therapy
  • Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy
  • Psychiatric Drug Therapy
  • Alternative Mind-Mood Medicine
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12
Q

Define: Drug

A

any substance that is taken to change the way you feel and function

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13
Q

Define: Drug misuse

A

the taking of a drug for a purpose or by a person other than for which is was medically intended

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14
Q

Define: Drug abuse

A

excessive drug use that is inconsistent with accepted medical practice

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15
Q

Define: Physical dependence

A

occurs when a person develops tolerance to the effects of a drug and needs larger and larger doses to achieve intoxication or desired effect

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16
Q

Define: psychological dependence

A

the emotional or mental attachment to the use of a drug, and feel a strong craving for a drug because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress and anxiety

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17
Q

Define: Intoxication

A

changes that occur as a result of substance use

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18
Q

Define: Withdrawal

A

is the development of symptoms that cause significant psychological and physical distress when an individual reduces or stops drug use

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19
Q

Define: polyabuse

A

Most users prefer a certain type of drug but also use several others

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20
Q

Define: concurrent disorders

A

a situation where a person has both mental health and a substance abuse problem

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21
Q

Routes of drug administration:

A
  • Oral ingestion
  • inhalation
  • Injection
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22
Q

Define: Toxicity

A

the dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body, causing either temporary or permanent damage

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23
Q

What is the #1 drug abused by college/university students?

A

Marijuana

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24
Q

Is there a gap between actual drug use on campus and how prevalent students believe drug use to be?

A

Yes, a large gap.

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25
Q

What factors influence students use of drugs?

A
  • Perception of risk
  • Alcohol use
  • Environment
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26
Q

List the drug categories:

A
  • Cannabis
  • Depressants
  • Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
  • Stimulants
  • Hallucinogens
  • Inhalants
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27
Q

List addiction treatments:

A
  • Pre-rehabilitative care
  • Intervention
  • Medically assisted detox
  • Rapid detox
    = Buprenorphine and suboxone
  • In-patient rehabilitation
  • Behaviour modification
  • Dual diagnosis
  • Religious or spiritual guidance
  • Post-rehabilitative care
  • Family counselling
  • Out-patient rehabilitation
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28
Q

What counts as one drink?

A
  • one standard bottle or can of beer (5% alcohol)
  • One glass of table wine (12% alcohol)
  • One small glass of fortified wine (20% alcohol)
  • One shot of distilled spirits (50% alcohol)
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29
Q

How much alcohol is too much?

A

Weekly alcohol intake should not exceed 14 standard drinks for males and 9 drinks for females. Daily consumption should not exceed two drinks for males or females

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30
Q

Reasons why students drink:

A
  • Reduce stress
  • Enjoy the taste
  • Get drunk
  • Socialize
  • Social pressure
  • Lose inhibitions
  • Can’t stop
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31
Q

How does nicotine work?

A

Nicotine stimulates the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain that controls complex behaviour and mental activity, and enhances mood and alertness.

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32
Q

Why do students smoke?

A
  • no parental rules to follow
  • fears of weight gain
  • inability to manage stress
  • Denial of nicotine addiction
  • Drinking behaviour
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33
Q

Forms of tobacco:

A
  • Cigars
  • Pipes
  • Water-pipes (hookahs)
  • Smokeless tobacco
  • E-cigarettes
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34
Q

Risks of second hand smoke:

A
  • the second hand smoke has twice as much tar and nicotine as the mainstream smoke
  • 5 times as much carbon monoxide
  • 50 times as much ammonia
  • Because the particles in side stream (second hand) smoke are small, the mixture or irritating gases and carcinogenic tar reaches deeper into the lungs
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35
Q

Helpful strategies for someone wanting to quit smoking:

A
  • Aversion therapy
  • Exercise
  • Nicotine gum, lozenges, and inhalers
  • Nicotine patches
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36
Q

What can friendships be a source of?

A
  • basic source of happiness
  • a connection to a larger world
  • a source of solace in times of trouble
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37
Q

How do men benefit from a friendship with women?

A

A friendship with a woman offers support and nurturance. They like talking and relating to women, something they don’t do with their male buddies

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38
Q

How do women view their friendships with males?

A

more lighthearted and casual, with more joking and less fear of hurt feelings. They like gaining insight into what men really think.

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39
Q

What does friendship do?

A

transcends all boundaries of distance and differences and enhances feelings of warmth, trust, love, and affection between two people. Friendship is both a universal and deeply satisfying experience.

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40
Q

Most important reasons for attraction:

A
  • warmth and kindness
  • desirable personality
  • something specific about the person
  • reciprocal liking
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41
Q

What is romantic attraction characterized by?

A

a high level of emotional arousal, reciprocal liking, and mutual sexual desire

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42
Q

What are the three components of love according to Sternberg’s Love Triangle?

A
  • Intimacy
  • Passion
  • Commitment
    The various kinds of love are composed of different combinations of the three components
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43
Q

What are the five love languages?

A
  • Words of affirmation
  • Quality time
  • Giving gifts
  • Acts of service
  • Physical touch
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44
Q

What are signs of emotional abuse?

A
  • attempting to control various aspects of your life
  • frequently humiliating you
  • wanting to know where you are (at all times)
  • becoming jealous or angry when you spend time with friends
  • threatening to harm you
  • trying to coerce you
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45
Q

Define: physical monogamy

A

can be defined as an exclusive physical sexual experience with one’s partner and can include kissing, vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex

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46
Q

Define: emotional monogamy

A

sets boundaries around emotional connections and affairs with others outside the primary relationship

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47
Q

Define: social monogamy

A

the perception of being monogamous by others

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48
Q

Define: serial monogamy

A

a committed monogamous relationship is entered into until the relationship ends and another monogamous relationship begins

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49
Q

Define: Open relationship

A

partners agree to sexual involvement with others outside of their primary relationship

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50
Q

Define: Polyamory

A

acceptance of having intimate relationships with more than one person at a time, with both the knowledge and consent of everyone involved

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51
Q

Define: Cohabitation

A

Also known as a common-law relationship

- when a couple lives together

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52
Q

Benefits of cohabitation:

A
  • Convenience
  • economics
  • Not wanting to live alone
  • Good way to get to know each other and find out if they are suited to each other
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53
Q

Seven factors used to determine whether people are cohabiting:

A
  • Shelter
  • Sexual and personal behaviour
  • Services
  • Social
  • Societal
  • Children
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54
Q

What are the five crucial ingredients for commitment according to Robert Sternberg?

A
  • shared values
  • a willingness to change in response to each other
  • a willingness to tolerate flaws
  • a match in religious beliefs
  • the ability to communicate effectively
55
Q

What does Sternberg identify as “the best predictor for failure”?

A

The difference between how one would like the lover to feel and how the lover actually feels

56
Q

Two common predictors of relationship unhappiness according to Sternberg are:

A
  • A high level of arousal during a discussion

- Defensive behaviours such as making excuses and denying responsibility for disagreements

57
Q

How have Canadian families changed between 1961 and 2011?

A
  • Canadian families are getting smaller
  • The number of lone-parent families rose
  • Decrease of young adults living in couples
  • Increase of young adults living with their parents
58
Q

Define: sexual identity

A

can be defined in two ways.

  • based on biology, sexual identity begins at the moment of conception
  • can also be defines from a personal self-identification perspective and be based on how someone determines who they are sexually attracted to.
59
Q

Define: gender

A

based on a sense of femininity or masculinity as defined by the society in which we live

60
Q

Define: gender identity

A

refers to a person’s self-identified sense of being male, female, neither, or both

61
Q

Define: gender presentation

A

refers to the external appearance, dress, mannerisms, and behaviour through which an individual presents his or her gender identity

62
Q

Define: gender roles

A

are socially determined behavioural rules and standards assigned to men and women in our society

63
Q

What classifications can individuals use to identify their gender?

A
  • male
  • female
  • androgynous (neither)
  • Intersex (both)
  • Transgender
64
Q

What are the different sexual orientations?

A
  • bisexual
  • heterosexual
  • homosexual
  • asexual
65
Q

What are the different types of sexual activity ?

A
  • sexual intercourse
  • anal stimulation and intercourse
  • celibacy
  • kissing and touching
  • masturbation
  • oral-genital sex
  • sexual fantasies
  • varient sexual behaviour
66
Q

What are some tips for staying safe on campus?

A
  • Drink responsibly
  • be aware of who is serving you drinks
  • take advantage of your campus’s safe walk services
  • lock up your valuables
  • don’t give out your dorm key to anyone, don’t let strangers in
  • take all fire alarms seriously
  • stay away from internet gambling sites
67
Q

What is sexual harassment?

A

All forms of sexual harassment or unwanted sexual attention- from display of pornographic photos to the use of sexual obscenities to a demand for sex by anyone in a position of power or authority- are illegal.

68
Q

What is sexual victimization?

A

refers to any situation in which a person is deprived of free choice and forced to comply with sexual acts

69
Q

Factors that play a role in acquaintance or date rape:

A
  • Personality and early sexual experiences
  • situational variables (what happens during the date)
  • Acceptance of sexual coercion
  • Drinking
  • Date-rape drugs
  • Gender differences in interpreting sexual cues
70
Q

Define: Climate change

A

any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a region experiences

71
Q

Define: the greenhouse effect

A

a natural phenomenon where CO2, an important gas in the insulation layer covering the planet, acts like a greenhouse and allows a small amount of solar radiation through the Earth’s atmosphere, trapping it so heat generates warmth for the earth

72
Q

Define: climate forcing

A

Physical factors that force a net increase or a net decrease of heat in the climate system as a whole

73
Q

Define: global warming

A

an important measure of climate change
- can be defined as a sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere that causes changes in the global climate

74
Q

Impact of global warming:

A

A warmer world is expected to produce more severe flooding in some places and more severe droughts in others, jeopardizing natural resources and the safety of our water supply

75
Q

What are the four R’s?

A
  • Reduce
  • Reuse
  • Recycle
  • Recover
76
Q

What are the four laws of ecology?

A
  • Everything is connected to everything else
  • Everything must go somewhere
  • Nature knows best
  • There is no such thing as a free lunch
77
Q

How does the environment impact our health?

A

Changes in the environment are effecting our psychosocial health.
- a strong relationship to a location or place is essential to human health, global warming and climate change are destroying the locations we are attached to, leaving us destabilized.

78
Q

What is abstinence?

A

a deliberate choice regarding their bodies, minds, spirits, and sexuality.
- The only form of birth control that is 100% effective

79
Q

What is outercourse?

A

Kissing, hugging, sensual touching, mutual masturbation

80
Q

What is the preferred method of birth control by unmarried women and by those under age 30?

A

The pill

81
Q

Advantages of the pill:

A
  • extremely effective
  • They are reversible
  • They do not interrupt sexual activity
  • more regular periods, lighter periods
82
Q

Disadvantages of the pill:

A
  • does not protect against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections, so condoms should also be used
  • Some pills are time-sensitive
  • The hormones may cause various side effects (spotting between periods, weight gain or loss, nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, and decreased sex drive)
83
Q

Advantages of the contraceptive ring:

A
  • no need for a daily pill, fitting by a doctor, or the use of a spermicide
  • a woman’s ability to become pregnant returns quickly once she stops using the ring
84
Q

Disadvantages of the contraceptive ring:

A
  • increased complaints of vaginal discharge, irritation, and infection
  • women who cannot take the pill for medical reasons cannot use the ring either
85
Q

Advantages of the contraceptive patch:

A
  • more than 99% effective

- a woman does not have to remember to tale a daily pill and can become pregnant quickly when she stops using it

86
Q

Disadvantages of the contraceptive patch:

A

Users have an increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes
-The patch may be less effective in women who weigh more than 198 pounds

87
Q

Advantages of contraceptive injectables:

A
  • women do not need to take a daily pill

- can be used by women who cannot take oral contraceptives containing estrogen

88
Q

Disadvantages of contraceptive injectables:

A
  • no protection against HIV and other STIs
  • menstrual irregularities in most users
  • ## delayed return of fertility
89
Q

Advantages of Intrauterine device:

A
  • safe
  • highly effective
  • estrogen-free
  • rapidly reversible
  • convenient
90
Q

Disadvantages of intrauterine device:

A

Women who have never given birth and have used an IUD for an extended amount of time may find it more difficult to conceive after discontinuing use.

91
Q

Advantages of the cervical cap:

A
  • women who cannot use a diaphragm because of pelvic-structure problems or loss of vaginal muscle tone can often use the cap
  • less messy
92
Q

Disadvantages of the cervical cap:

A
  • difficult to insert
  • does not protect against STIs
  • must be inserted at least 30 min before sex
93
Q

Advantages of the male condom:

A
  • reduces the risk of STIs
  • best available defence against HIV infection
  • available without prescription or medical appointment
  • use does not have harmful side effects
94
Q

Disadvantages of the male condom:

A
  • not 100% effect
  • could have manufacturing defect
  • may break or slip off during sex
  • some couples feel that putting on a condom interferes with sexual spontaneity
95
Q

Advantages of the female condom:

A
  • gives women more control in reducing their risk of pregnancy or STIs
  • does not require a prescription or medical appointment
  • One size fits all
96
Q

Disadvantages of the female condom:

A
  • failure rate is higher than other contraceptives

- difficult to use

97
Q

Advantages of the contraceptive sponge:

A
  • provides 12 hour protection, and it is not necessary to change the sponge if sex is repeated during this time
98
Q

Disadvantages of the contraceptive sponge:

A
  • difficult to remove the sponge
  • forget to take it out
  • should also be used with a condom to ensure maximum protection
99
Q

Advantages of periodic abstinence and fertility awareness:

A
  • no expense
  • no side effects
  • no need for prescriptions or fittings
  • nothing to insert, swallow, or check
  • abstinence during fertile periods complies with the teachings of some religions
100
Q

Disadvantages of periodic abstinence and fertility awareness:

A
  • During times of possible fertility, couples must abstain from sex, or use some form of contraception
  • conscientious planning and scheduling are essential
  • women with irregular cycles may not be able to rely on the calendar method
101
Q

What is Emergency Contraceptive?

A

the use of a method of contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or the failure of another form of contraception, such as the condom breaking or slipping off

102
Q

Advantages of sterilization:

A
  • no effect on sex drive in either men nor women

- sexual activity generally increases after sterilization because they are free from fear of pregnancy

103
Q

Disadvantages of sterilization:

A
  • is considered permanent

- should only be used if both individuals are sure they do not want any more children

104
Q

What is spirituality?

A

can be defined as a sacred matter, as things of an ecclesiastical nature, or something highly valued or important
- a movement toward living an authentic life, embracing a more authentic self

105
Q

What are the dimensions of spirituality?

A
  • Interconnectedness
  • Mindfulness
  • Meaning, Purpose, and Potential
106
Q

How does spirituality influence health?

A

People who identify as religious or spiritual tend to utilize health-care resources and embrace the concept of self-care

107
Q

What do religiously involved college students want with regard to religion and spirituality on campus?

A
  • commitment to beliefs, regulations, symbols, and rites, and wanted these particularities to be respected
  • religion was an important element when thinking about the place of family
  • Three principles guided their thinking- respect for others religious tradition, authenticity, where students could be true to their own beliefs and practices, and meaning, where planned multi-faith events were valuable for educational benefits and cultural expression and could serve to deepen relationships with other students of different faiths
108
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

a combination of emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to another person

109
Q

Why do people have sex?

A
  • curiosity
  • pleasure
  • stress relief
  • reproduction
  • to show affection
110
Q

Men were far more likely than women to say that they would have sex if…

A
  • the person wore revealing clothes

- the person had a desirable body

111
Q

Reasons why lesbian women have sex?

A
  • physical urges
  • sexual pleasure
  • connection
  • sexual and relationship norms
  • communicate feelings
  • quality of life
112
Q

Why would a person decide not to have sex?

A
  • fear of physical consequences
  • value of virginity
  • reputation regret
  • no opportunity/ not important
  • not consistent with your religious beliefs or values
113
Q

Risks of sexual activity at university:

A
  • reputation
  • STIs
  • pregnancy
  • broken heart
  • regret
114
Q

Benefits of sexual activity at university:

A
  • new experiences
  • decrease stress
  • energizing
  • freedom about whether you will see them again
115
Q

Why is masturbation a “no risk” activity?

A
  • may lead to better bladder control
  • increases your cardiovascular fitness
  • can enhance your sex life
  • won’t give you a baby or an STI
116
Q

Benefits of Sex:

A
  • Cardiovascular fitness
  • improved cholesterol
  • Increased flexibility
  • Strengthens immune system
  • weight loss
  • better bladder control
  • decreased chance of prostate cancer in men
  • Stress relief
  • improved sleep
  • reduced depression
  • maintains intimate connections
  • builds passion and excitement
117
Q

Downsides of sex:

A
  • emotional distress
  • relationship problems
  • stress
  • psychological discomfort
  • guilt
  • STIs
  • unplanned pregnancy
118
Q

You cannot legally consent to sex if….

A
  • you are under 18 and not married and having anal sex
  • you are under 12 and having vaginal sex
  • you are intoxicated
  • you are under 18 and having sex with someone in a position of authority
119
Q

What are STIs?

A

Sexually transmitted infections are infections you catch through sexual contact.
- Usually transmitted through the exchange or body fund such as semen, vaginal fluids and blood.

120
Q

Why are STIs so prevalent?

A
  • Sex before marriage is more widely accepted and people get married later in life, i.e. more sexual partners
  • People choose not to use condoms
  • if there are no symptoms and you don’t know you have one, you may spread it
  • people unwilling to seek treatment
  • people unaware of seriousness
  • world travel
  • people believe it can’t happen to them
121
Q

Behavioural factors contributing to the spread of STIs:

A
  • early initiation of intercourse
  • multiple sex partners
  • high risk sex partners
  • high risk sexual behaviour
  • inconsistent and incorrect condom use
  • substance abuse
  • sexual coercion
  • lack of knowledge and concern about STIs
122
Q

Social factors contributing to the spread of STIs:

A
  • poverty and marginalization
  • access to health care
  • secrecy and moral conflict about sexuality
123
Q

Biological factors contributing to the spread of STIs:

A
  • asymptomatic nature of STIs
  • resistance to treatment or lack of a cure
  • other biological factors (gender)
124
Q

Why are women more susceptible to infection?

A
  • because the vagina is a warm, moist environment
  • open reproductive system
  • greater surface area
  • semen changes the pH of the vagina
  • routine paps don’t test for STIs
125
Q

What are the most common STIs on campus?

A
  • chlamydia
  • human papilloma virus (genital warts)
  • herpes
126
Q

Why are STIs very common in the university age group?

A
  • more likely to have multiple partners
  • more likely to engage in unprotected sex
  • more likely to select high risk partners
  • more barriers to preventative measures
  • early age of first intercourse, delayed marriage
127
Q

Signs and symptoms of STIs:

A
  • sores
  • burning
  • pain
  • discharge
  • itching
  • growth or warts
128
Q

What are binge drinkers more likely to do?

A
  • engage in unprotected/unplanned sex
  • drive after drinking
  • get into trouble with police
  • damage property
  • get hurt or injured
  • miss classes
  • lose memory
129
Q

Short term effects of alcohol:

A
  • affects part of brain which controls judgement
  • decreased motor function
  • low verbal performance
  • irritability, anger, sadness, sleepy
  • gastric irritation and vomiting
130
Q

Signs that alcohol is a problem:

A
  • drinking alone
  • using alcohol to get through difficult situations
  • drinking at unusual times
131
Q

Long term effects of alcohol:

A
  • liver diseases
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cancer
  • brain damage
  • poor nutrition
  • reproductive/sexual disfunction
132
Q

List some helpful strategies for someone wanting to quit smoking:

A
  • decide how you will quit
  • begin to condition yourself physically (exercise program)
  • list the reasons and repeat often
  • change your environment- make your home and car smoke free
133
Q

Define: Religion

A

an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.

134
Q

What are three forms of nonreligious spirituality?

A
  • New Age Spirituality
  • Spirituality that Transcends the Self
  • Spirituality focused on Values, not Beliefs

FRHD1100 Final (1 decks)

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