Final Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Define the components of psychosocial health:
A
- Mental Health
- Emotional Health
- Social Health
- Spiritual Health
2
Q
Components of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:
A
The human needs are arranged with the most basic human needs at the bottom of the pyramid and the secondary and higher needs placed in ascending order on the hierarchy.
3
Q
How can one better manage their moods?
A
- Make a change
- Be Happy
- Learn to Laugh
- Move a little more often
- Sleep
4
Q
Define: Mental Illness
A
“alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour (or a combination of these) associated with significant distress, dysfunction, and impaired functioning”
5
Q
Links between mental and physical health:
A
Individuals with mental illness can develop physical symptoms such as weight loss and blood biochemical imbalances associated with eating disorders.
6
Q
Define: Stigma
A
Severe social disapproval
7
Q
Define and describe: Anxiety Disorders
A
May involve inordinate fears of certain objects or situations (phobias); episodes of sudden, inexplicable terror (panic attacks); chronic distress (GAD); or persistent, disturbing thoughts and behaviours.
8
Q
Define and Describe: Attention Disorders and Depressive Disorders
A
(ADHD) Individuals with ADHD present with a number of symptoms that include hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility.
Depression is the worlds most common mental ailment, it affects the brain, the mind, and the body in complex ways.
9
Q
Define and Describe: Schizophrenia
A
One of the most debilitating mental disorders, profoundly impairs an individual’s sense of reality. Symptoms include:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Inability to think in a logical manner
- Talking in rambling or incoherent ways etc.
10
Q
Factors associated with suicide:
A
- Mental disorders
- Personality traits
- biologic and genetic vulnerability
- medical illness
- psychological stressors
- School pressures
- social difficulties
- Family problems
- confusion about sexual orientation
- drug and alcohol abuse
11
Q
Treatment options for mental health:
A
- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
- Interpersonal Therapy
- Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy
- Psychiatric Drug Therapy
- Alternative Mind-Mood Medicine
12
Q
Define: Drug
A
any substance that is taken to change the way you feel and function
13
Q
Define: Drug misuse
A
the taking of a drug for a purpose or by a person other than for which is was medically intended
14
Q
Define: Drug abuse
A
excessive drug use that is inconsistent with accepted medical practice
15
Q
Define: Physical dependence
A
occurs when a person develops tolerance to the effects of a drug and needs larger and larger doses to achieve intoxication or desired effect
16
Q
Define: psychological dependence
A
the emotional or mental attachment to the use of a drug, and feel a strong craving for a drug because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress and anxiety
17
Q
Define: Intoxication
A
changes that occur as a result of substance use
18
Q
Define: Withdrawal
A
is the development of symptoms that cause significant psychological and physical distress when an individual reduces or stops drug use
19
Q
Define: polyabuse
A
Most users prefer a certain type of drug but also use several others
20
Q
Define: concurrent disorders
A
a situation where a person has both mental health and a substance abuse problem
21
Q
Routes of drug administration:
A
- Oral ingestion
- inhalation
- Injection
22
Q
Define: Toxicity
A
the dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body, causing either temporary or permanent damage
23
Q
What is the #1 drug abused by college/university students?
A
Marijuana
24
Q
Is there a gap between actual drug use on campus and how prevalent students believe drug use to be?
A
Yes, a large gap.
25
What factors influence students use of drugs?
- Perception of risk
- Alcohol use
- Environment
26
List the drug categories:
- Cannabis
- Depressants
- Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
- Inhalants
27
List addiction treatments:
- Pre-rehabilitative care
- Intervention
- Medically assisted detox
- Rapid detox
= Buprenorphine and suboxone
- In-patient rehabilitation
- Behaviour modification
- Dual diagnosis
- Religious or spiritual guidance
- Post-rehabilitative care
- Family counselling
- Out-patient rehabilitation
28
What counts as one drink?
- one standard bottle or can of beer (5% alcohol)
- One glass of table wine (12% alcohol)
- One small glass of fortified wine (20% alcohol)
- One shot of distilled spirits (50% alcohol)
29
How much alcohol is too much?
Weekly alcohol intake should not exceed 14 standard drinks for males and 9 drinks for females. Daily consumption should not exceed two drinks for males or females
30
Reasons why students drink:
- Reduce stress
- Enjoy the taste
- Get drunk
- Socialize
- Social pressure
- Lose inhibitions
- Can't stop
31
How does nicotine work?
Nicotine stimulates the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain that controls complex behaviour and mental activity, and enhances mood and alertness.
32
Why do students smoke?
- no parental rules to follow
- fears of weight gain
- inability to manage stress
- Denial of nicotine addiction
- Drinking behaviour
33
Forms of tobacco:
- Cigars
- Pipes
- Water-pipes (hookahs)
- Smokeless tobacco
- E-cigarettes
34
Risks of second hand smoke:
- the second hand smoke has twice as much tar and nicotine as the mainstream smoke
- 5 times as much carbon monoxide
- 50 times as much ammonia
- Because the particles in side stream (second hand) smoke are small, the mixture or irritating gases and carcinogenic tar reaches deeper into the lungs
35
Helpful strategies for someone wanting to quit smoking:
- Aversion therapy
- Exercise
- Nicotine gum, lozenges, and inhalers
- Nicotine patches
36
What can friendships be a source of?
- basic source of happiness
- a connection to a larger world
- a source of solace in times of trouble
37
How do men benefit from a friendship with women?
A friendship with a woman offers support and nurturance. They like talking and relating to women, something they don't do with their male buddies
38
How do women view their friendships with males?
more lighthearted and casual, with more joking and less fear of hurt feelings. They like gaining insight into what men really think.
39
What does friendship do?
transcends all boundaries of distance and differences and enhances feelings of warmth, trust, love, and affection between two people. Friendship is both a universal and deeply satisfying experience.
40
Most important reasons for attraction:
- warmth and kindness
- desirable personality
- something specific about the person
- reciprocal liking
41
What is romantic attraction characterized by?
a high level of emotional arousal, reciprocal liking, and mutual sexual desire
42
What are the three components of love according to Sternberg's Love Triangle?
- Intimacy
- Passion
- Commitment
The various kinds of love are composed of different combinations of the three components
43
What are the five love languages?
- Words of affirmation
- Quality time
- Giving gifts
- Acts of service
- Physical touch
44
What are signs of emotional abuse?
- attempting to control various aspects of your life
- frequently humiliating you
- wanting to know where you are (at all times)
- becoming jealous or angry when you spend time with friends
- threatening to harm you
- trying to coerce you
45
Define: physical monogamy
can be defined as an exclusive physical sexual experience with one's partner and can include kissing, vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex
46
Define: emotional monogamy
sets boundaries around emotional connections and affairs with others outside the primary relationship
47
Define: social monogamy
the perception of being monogamous by others
48
Define: serial monogamy
a committed monogamous relationship is entered into until the relationship ends and another monogamous relationship begins
49
Define: Open relationship
partners agree to sexual involvement with others outside of their primary relationship
50
Define: Polyamory
acceptance of having intimate relationships with more than one person at a time, with both the knowledge and consent of everyone involved
51
Define: Cohabitation
Also known as a common-law relationship
| - when a couple lives together
52
Benefits of cohabitation:
- Convenience
- economics
- Not wanting to live alone
- Good way to get to know each other and find out if they are suited to each other
53
Seven factors used to determine whether people are cohabiting:
- Shelter
- Sexual and personal behaviour
- Services
- Social
- Societal
- Children
54
What are the five crucial ingredients for commitment according to Robert Sternberg?
- shared values
- a willingness to change in response to each other
- a willingness to tolerate flaws
- a match in religious beliefs
- the ability to communicate effectively
55
What does Sternberg identify as "the best predictor for failure"?
The difference between how one would like the lover to feel and how the lover actually feels
56
Two common predictors of relationship unhappiness according to Sternberg are:
- A high level of arousal during a discussion
| - Defensive behaviours such as making excuses and denying responsibility for disagreements
57
How have Canadian families changed between 1961 and 2011?
- Canadian families are getting smaller
- The number of lone-parent families rose
- Decrease of young adults living in couples
- Increase of young adults living with their parents
58
Define: sexual identity
can be defined in two ways.
- based on biology, sexual identity begins at the moment of conception
- can also be defines from a personal self-identification perspective and be based on how someone determines who they are sexually attracted to.
59
Define: gender
based on a sense of femininity or masculinity as defined by the society in which we live
60
Define: gender identity
refers to a person's self-identified sense of being male, female, neither, or both
61
Define: gender presentation
refers to the external appearance, dress, mannerisms, and behaviour through which an individual presents his or her gender identity
62
Define: gender roles
are socially determined behavioural rules and standards assigned to men and women in our society
63
What classifications can individuals use to identify their gender?
- male
- female
- androgynous (neither)
- Intersex (both)
- Transgender
64
What are the different sexual orientations?
- bisexual
- heterosexual
- homosexual
- asexual
65
What are the different types of sexual activity ?
- sexual intercourse
- anal stimulation and intercourse
- celibacy
- kissing and touching
- masturbation
- oral-genital sex
- sexual fantasies
- varient sexual behaviour
66
What are some tips for staying safe on campus?
- Drink responsibly
- be aware of who is serving you drinks
- take advantage of your campus's safe walk services
- lock up your valuables
- don't give out your dorm key to anyone, don't let strangers in
- take all fire alarms seriously
- stay away from internet gambling sites
67
What is sexual harassment?
All forms of sexual harassment or unwanted sexual attention- from display of pornographic photos to the use of sexual obscenities to a demand for sex by anyone in a position of power or authority- are illegal.
68
What is sexual victimization?
refers to any situation in which a person is deprived of free choice and forced to comply with sexual acts
69
Factors that play a role in acquaintance or date rape:
- Personality and early sexual experiences
- situational variables (what happens during the date)
- Acceptance of sexual coercion
- Drinking
- Date-rape drugs
- Gender differences in interpreting sexual cues
70
Define: Climate change
any long-term significant change in the "average weather" that a region experiences
71
Define: the greenhouse effect
a natural phenomenon where CO2, an important gas in the insulation layer covering the planet, acts like a greenhouse and allows a small amount of solar radiation through the Earth's atmosphere, trapping it so heat generates warmth for the earth
72
Define: climate forcing
Physical factors that force a net increase or a net decrease of heat in the climate system as a whole
73
Define: global warming
an important measure of climate change
- can be defined as a sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere that causes changes in the global climate
74
Impact of global warming:
A warmer world is expected to produce more severe flooding in some places and more severe droughts in others, jeopardizing natural resources and the safety of our water supply
75
What are the four R's?
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
- Recover
76
What are the four laws of ecology?
- Everything is connected to everything else
- Everything must go somewhere
- Nature knows best
- There is no such thing as a free lunch
77
How does the environment impact our health?
Changes in the environment are effecting our psychosocial health.
- a strong relationship to a location or place is essential to human health, global warming and climate change are destroying the locations we are attached to, leaving us destabilized.
78
What is abstinence?
a deliberate choice regarding their bodies, minds, spirits, and sexuality.
- The only form of birth control that is 100% effective
79
What is outercourse?
Kissing, hugging, sensual touching, mutual masturbation
80
What is the preferred method of birth control by unmarried women and by those under age 30?
The pill
81
Advantages of the pill:
- extremely effective
- They are reversible
- They do not interrupt sexual activity
- more regular periods, lighter periods
82
Disadvantages of the pill:
- does not protect against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections, so condoms should also be used
- Some pills are time-sensitive
- The hormones may cause various side effects (spotting between periods, weight gain or loss, nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, and decreased sex drive)
83
Advantages of the contraceptive ring:
- no need for a daily pill, fitting by a doctor, or the use of a spermicide
- a woman's ability to become pregnant returns quickly once she stops using the ring
84
Disadvantages of the contraceptive ring:
- increased complaints of vaginal discharge, irritation, and infection
- women who cannot take the pill for medical reasons cannot use the ring either
85
Advantages of the contraceptive patch:
- more than 99% effective
| - a woman does not have to remember to tale a daily pill and can become pregnant quickly when she stops using it
86
Disadvantages of the contraceptive patch:
Users have an increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes
-The patch may be less effective in women who weigh more than 198 pounds
87
Advantages of contraceptive injectables:
- women do not need to take a daily pill
| - can be used by women who cannot take oral contraceptives containing estrogen
88
Disadvantages of contraceptive injectables:
- no protection against HIV and other STIs
- menstrual irregularities in most users
- delayed return of fertility
-
89
Advantages of Intrauterine device:
- safe
- highly effective
- estrogen-free
- rapidly reversible
- convenient
90
Disadvantages of intrauterine device:
Women who have never given birth and have used an IUD for an extended amount of time may find it more difficult to conceive after discontinuing use.
91
Advantages of the cervical cap:
- women who cannot use a diaphragm because of pelvic-structure problems or loss of vaginal muscle tone can often use the cap
- less messy
92
Disadvantages of the cervical cap:
- difficult to insert
- does not protect against STIs
- must be inserted at least 30 min before sex
93
Advantages of the male condom:
- reduces the risk of STIs
- best available defence against HIV infection
- available without prescription or medical appointment
- use does not have harmful side effects
94
Disadvantages of the male condom:
- not 100% effect
- could have manufacturing defect
- may break or slip off during sex
- some couples feel that putting on a condom interferes with sexual spontaneity
95
Advantages of the female condom:
- gives women more control in reducing their risk of pregnancy or STIs
- does not require a prescription or medical appointment
- One size fits all
96
Disadvantages of the female condom:
- failure rate is higher than other contraceptives
| - difficult to use
97
Advantages of the contraceptive sponge:
- provides 12 hour protection, and it is not necessary to change the sponge if sex is repeated during this time
98
Disadvantages of the contraceptive sponge:
- difficult to remove the sponge
- forget to take it out
- should also be used with a condom to ensure maximum protection
99
Advantages of periodic abstinence and fertility awareness:
- no expense
- no side effects
- no need for prescriptions or fittings
- nothing to insert, swallow, or check
- abstinence during fertile periods complies with the teachings of some religions
100
Disadvantages of periodic abstinence and fertility awareness:
- During times of possible fertility, couples must abstain from sex, or use some form of contraception
- conscientious planning and scheduling are essential
- women with irregular cycles may not be able to rely on the calendar method
101
What is Emergency Contraceptive?
the use of a method of contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or the failure of another form of contraception, such as the condom breaking or slipping off
102
Advantages of sterilization:
- no effect on sex drive in either men nor women
| - sexual activity generally increases after sterilization because they are free from fear of pregnancy
103
Disadvantages of sterilization:
- is considered permanent
| - should only be used if both individuals are sure they do not want any more children
104
What is spirituality?
can be defined as a sacred matter, as things of an ecclesiastical nature, or something highly valued or important
- a movement toward living an authentic life, embracing a more authentic self
105
What are the dimensions of spirituality?
- Interconnectedness
- Mindfulness
- Meaning, Purpose, and Potential
106
How does spirituality influence health?
People who identify as religious or spiritual tend to utilize health-care resources and embrace the concept of self-care
107
What do religiously involved college students want with regard to religion and spirituality on campus?
- commitment to beliefs, regulations, symbols, and rites, and wanted these particularities to be respected
- religion was an important element when thinking about the place of family
- Three principles guided their thinking- respect for others religious tradition, authenticity, where students could be true to their own beliefs and practices, and meaning, where planned multi-faith events were valuable for educational benefits and cultural expression and could serve to deepen relationships with other students of different faiths
108
What is sexual orientation?
a combination of emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to another person
109
Why do people have sex?
- curiosity
- pleasure
- stress relief
- reproduction
- to show affection
110
Men were far more likely than women to say that they would have sex if...
- the person wore revealing clothes
| - the person had a desirable body
111
Reasons why lesbian women have sex?
- physical urges
- sexual pleasure
- connection
- sexual and relationship norms
- communicate feelings
- quality of life
112
Why would a person decide not to have sex?
- fear of physical consequences
- value of virginity
- reputation regret
- no opportunity/ not important
- not consistent with your religious beliefs or values
113
Risks of sexual activity at university:
- reputation
- STIs
- pregnancy
- broken heart
- regret
114
Benefits of sexual activity at university:
- new experiences
- decrease stress
- energizing
- freedom about whether you will see them again
115
Why is masturbation a "no risk" activity?
- may lead to better bladder control
- increases your cardiovascular fitness
- can enhance your sex life
- won't give you a baby or an STI
116
Benefits of Sex:
- Cardiovascular fitness
- improved cholesterol
- Increased flexibility
- Strengthens immune system
- weight loss
- better bladder control
- decreased chance of prostate cancer in men
- Stress relief
- improved sleep
- reduced depression
- maintains intimate connections
- builds passion and excitement
117
Downsides of sex:
- emotional distress
- relationship problems
- stress
- psychological discomfort
- guilt
- STIs
- unplanned pregnancy
118
You cannot legally consent to sex if....
- you are under 18 and not married and having anal sex
- you are under 12 and having vaginal sex
- you are intoxicated
- you are under 18 and having sex with someone in a position of authority
119
What are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections are infections you catch through sexual contact.
- Usually transmitted through the exchange or body fund such as semen, vaginal fluids and blood.
120
Why are STIs so prevalent?
- Sex before marriage is more widely accepted and people get married later in life, i.e. more sexual partners
- People choose not to use condoms
- if there are no symptoms and you don't know you have one, you may spread it
- people unwilling to seek treatment
- people unaware of seriousness
- world travel
- people believe it can't happen to them
121
Behavioural factors contributing to the spread of STIs:
- early initiation of intercourse
- multiple sex partners
- high risk sex partners
- high risk sexual behaviour
- inconsistent and incorrect condom use
- substance abuse
- sexual coercion
- lack of knowledge and concern about STIs
122
Social factors contributing to the spread of STIs:
- poverty and marginalization
- access to health care
- secrecy and moral conflict about sexuality
123
Biological factors contributing to the spread of STIs:
- asymptomatic nature of STIs
- resistance to treatment or lack of a cure
- other biological factors (gender)
124
Why are women more susceptible to infection?
- because the vagina is a warm, moist environment
- open reproductive system
- greater surface area
- semen changes the pH of the vagina
- routine paps don't test for STIs
125
What are the most common STIs on campus?
- chlamydia
- human papilloma virus (genital warts)
- herpes
126
Why are STIs very common in the university age group?
- more likely to have multiple partners
- more likely to engage in unprotected sex
- more likely to select high risk partners
- more barriers to preventative measures
- early age of first intercourse, delayed marriage
127
Signs and symptoms of STIs:
- sores
- burning
- pain
- discharge
- itching
- growth or warts
128
What are binge drinkers more likely to do?
- engage in unprotected/unplanned sex
- drive after drinking
- get into trouble with police
- damage property
- get hurt or injured
- miss classes
- lose memory
129
Short term effects of alcohol:
- affects part of brain which controls judgement
- decreased motor function
- low verbal performance
- irritability, anger, sadness, sleepy
- gastric irritation and vomiting
130
Signs that alcohol is a problem:
- drinking alone
- using alcohol to get through difficult situations
- drinking at unusual times
131
Long term effects of alcohol:
- liver diseases
- cardiovascular disease
- cancer
- brain damage
- poor nutrition
- reproductive/sexual disfunction
132
List some helpful strategies for someone wanting to quit smoking:
- decide how you will quit
- begin to condition yourself physically (exercise program)
- list the reasons and repeat often
- change your environment- make your home and car smoke free
133
Define: Religion
an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.
134
What are three forms of nonreligious spirituality?
- New Age Spirituality
- Spirituality that Transcends the Self
- Spirituality focused on Values, not Beliefs
