Final

Question 1

Psychological treatments

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Humanistic positive therapy
Behavioral treatments
Cognitive behavioral treatments
Group therapies

Question 2

Combined treatment

Answer 2

Drugs + psychotherapy
Integrative therapies
Mindfulness and psychotherapy

Question 3

Drug therapies

Answer 3

Symptom reduction; not curative

Question 4

Schizophrenia drug therapy

Answer 4

Traditional antipsychotics- have many side effects (tardive dyskinesia)
Atypical antipsychotics- block different dopamine receptors and reduce risk of tardive dyskinesia

Question 5

Depressive and anxiety drug therapy

Answer 5

MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
Benzodiazapine and Barbiturates (anxiety)

Question 6

Bipolar drug therapy

Answer 6

Lithium

Question 7

Physical dependence

Answer 7

Tolerance and withdrawal of drugs

Most drug therapies become less effective with prolonged use

Question 8

Psychotherapy

Answer 8

Use of psychological techniques to modify behavior, thought, and emotion

Question 9

Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 9

Disorders are symptoms of unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and motives
Therapy- dream interpretation, free association, transference, defense mechanisms, catharsis

Question 10

Humanistic therapy

Answer 10

Client-centered: create conditions for optimal growth

Positive psychotherapy: reduce negative emotions; graditude training

Question 11

Behavioral therapy

Answer 11

Use principles of classic and operant conditioning
Change reinforcers to change behaviors

Systematic desensitization
Exposure and flooding
Token economies

Question 12

Cognitive therapy

Answer 12

Works to restructure irrational thought patterns

Question 13

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

Answer 13

Combines cognitive and behavioral properties to shape thoughts and behaviors
“Gold-standard”

Question 14

4 D’s in defining psychological disorders

Answer 14

Disturbance 
Dysfunction
Distress/disability
Deviance 
(Culture influences how disorders we diagnosed and experienced)

Question 15

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 15

Health is determined by a complex interaction between biology, psychology, and social factors

Question 16

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 16

Individuals have varying degrees of biological or genetic vulnerability (diathesis)
Depending on their diathetic predisposition, a stressor can move certain individuals to illness or disorder

Question 17

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 17

In attention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

Question 18

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 18

Impaired social interaction
Impaired communication
Repetitive/stereotypic behaviors

Question 19

Risks for neurodevelopment disorders

Answer 19

Genetic factors
Environmental factors (ADHD) smoking during pregnancy and under stimulated brain
ASD mirror neurons

Question 20

Psychotic disorders

Answer 20

Inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions

Question 21

Schizophrenia

Answer 21

Significant disturbances in thought and emotion (perception)

Question 22

Schizophrenia’s positive symptoms

Answer 22

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized behavior

Question 23

Schizophrenia’s negative symptoms

Answer 23

Catatonic immobility
Lack of speech
Flat emotion
Inability to complete tasks

Question 24

Theories of schizophrenia development

Answer 24

Stressful (fetal) and abusive negligent (infant) environment
Abnormal brain development.

Question 25

Major depressive disorder

Answer 25

2+ weeks of Low mood, little motivation, low energy, weight gain or loss, sleep disturbance, slow or agitated motor movement, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal ideation

Question 26

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 26

Milder in intensity than MDD but longer in duration

Question 27

Risk for depression

Answer 27

Abusive and extremely stressful environments (social rejection) Depression-vulnerable personalities (anxiety, neuroticism, negative emotionality) Sleep and health related factors

Question 28

Bipolar disorder

Answer 28

Mood swings cycling between very low and very high moods

Question 29

Manic and hypomanic episodes

Answer 29

Mania- distractible, indiscrete, grandiose, flight of ideas, active, talkative Hypomanic- shorter duration

Question 30

Bipolar risk factors

Answer 30

Genetics mad abnormalities in the brain | Neurochemistry (low serotonin)

Question 31

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 31

Pervasive/excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months

Question 32

Panic disorder

Answer 32

Persistent worry about having a panic attack

Question 33

Social phobia

Answer 33

Persistent fear of humiliation in the presence of others

Question 34

Agoraphobia

Answer 34

Fear of no escape if a public panic attack occurs

Question 35

Specific phobia

Answer 35

Undue anxiety over a particular object or situation

Question 36

Risk for anxiety

Answer 36

``` Biological factors- Deficiencies in GABA Genetic heritage Personality (neuroticism, introversion) Environmental factors- Adverse childhood experiences ```

Question 37

PTSD

Answer 37

Intrusive and persistent cognitive, emotional, physiological symptoms Triggered by catastrophic or horrifying event Include: Flashbacks Easily startled Hair-trigger tempers Reckless, self-destructive

Question 38

Personality disorders

Answer 38

Maladaptive and inflexible patterns of cognition, emotion, and behavior that develop on late childhood or adolescence

Question 39

Schizoid

Answer 39

Lack of interest in relationships, flat emotions

Question 40

Schizotypal

Answer 40

Bizarre beliefs

Question 41

Paranoid

Answer 41

Unwarranted suspicions

Question 42

Histrionic

Answer 42

Wild behaviors, extreme need for attention, shifting moods

Question 43

Borderline

Answer 43

Impulsive, shifting mods, self-harm

Question 44

Narcissitic

Answer 44

Grandiose, exploitative, lack of concern for others

Question 45

Antisocial

Answer 45

Ruthless, deceptive, criminal, disregard of social norms

Question 46

Avoidant

Answer 46

Sense of inadequacy, fear of criticism, avoid interaction

Question 47

Dependent

Answer 47

Selfless, dependent, fear of rejection

Question 48

Obsessive-compulsive

Answer 48

Perfectionist, rigid-routines

Question 49

Social facilitation

Answer 49

When presence of others improves ones performance

Question 50

Social loading

Answer 50

When the presence of others causes one to relax ones standards and slack off

Question 51

Social norms

Answer 51

Rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives

Question 52

Conformity

Answer 52

When people adjust their own behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to the social norms

Question 53

Groupthink

Answer 53

A situation in which the thinking of the group takes over, so much so that group members forgo logic or critics analysis in the service of reaching a decision

Question 54

In-group/out-group bias

Answer 54

The tendency to show positive feelings toward people who belong to the same group as we do, and negative feelings toward those in other groups

Question 55

Biomedical treatment

Answer 55

Drug therapy Psychosurgery Electric and magnetic therapies