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Pharmacology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does lipoprotein lipase do?

A

Converts triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerides

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2
Q

What are the three ways to decrease triglycerides?

A

Decrease consumption
Decrease VLDL secretion
Increase lipoprotein lipase activity

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3
Q

What are the four ways to decrease cholesterol?

A

Decrease dietary cholesterol
Decrease bile acid reabsorption
Decrease cholesterol absorption
Decrease cholesterol synthesis

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4
Q

What are the 5 classes of drugs used in lowering triglycerides and/or cholesterol?

A 
Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
Fabric acid derivatives (Fibrates)
Bile acid binding resins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
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5
Q

What is at least one representative drug for nicotinic acid?

A

Niacin (nicotinic acid)

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6
Q

What is at least one representative drug for fibric acid derivatives?

A

Gemfibrozil

Fenofibrate

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7
Q

What is at least one representative drug for bile acid binding resins?

A

Cholestryamine

Colestipol

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8
Q

What is at least one representative drug for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Lovastatin

Simvastatin

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9
Q

What is at least one representative drug for cholesterol absorption inhibitors?

A

Ezetimibe

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10
Q

What are different factors that determine/influence the likelihood of infection of a microorganism

A 
Virulence
Numbers
Host resistance
Systemic level factors (e.g., antibodies)
Local level factors
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11
Q

What are factors that influence the selection of antibiotic therapy?

A 
Identification of the organism
Susceptibility of the organism
Site of infection
Drug characteristics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Patient factors
Allergy
Safety
Cost
Route of administration
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12
Q

What is the post-antibiotic effect?

A

Suppression of microbial growth even after levels of antibiotic have fallen below the MIC
Length of time following the removal of antimicrobial drug to reach log-phase growth

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13
Q

What are patient factors that could influence the selection of antibiotic therapy?

A 
Immune system
Renal function
Hepatic function
Poor perfusion
Age
Pregnancy/lactation
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14
Q

What is empiric therapy?

A

The initiation of treatment before a firm diagnosis is made (usually involves broad spectrum antibiotics)

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15
Q

What is directed therapy?

A

The choice of treatment is based on knowledge of the organism that is the cause of the infection

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16
Q

What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A

Anti-microbial agents acting on a limited group of microorganisms

17
Q

What are extended spectrum antibiotics?

A

Effective against one class of organisms as well as a significant number in a different class

18
Q

What are broad spectrum antibiotics?

A

Acts to kill a range of microbial species

19
Q

What are some penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

Methicillin

Cloxacillin

20
Q

What are some extended-spectrum penicillins?

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

21
Q

Which cephalosporin penetrates bone?

A

Cefazolin

22
Q

Which cephalosporin crosses the BBB?

A

Cefuroxime

23
Q

Which cephalosporins penetrate the CSF?

A

Cefotaxime and cefriaxone

24
Q

Which cephalosporin has the longest half life?

A

Ceftriaxone

25
Q

What are some lipolipids?

A

Daptomycin
Telavancin
Oritavancin

26
Q

What are some beta-lactam-like agents?

A

Carbapenem-imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Monobactams-aztreonam

27
Q

What are some protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics?

A 
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Chlorampheticol
Oxazolindinones
28
Q

What are the two drugs that make up synercid?

A

Quinupristin

Dalfopristin

29
Q

What are the two drugs that make up cotrimoxazole?

A

Sulfonamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

30
Q

What are factors that increase the risk of antibiotic resistant infections?

A

Patient-related factors
Hospital-related factors
Treatment-related factors

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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