Final Flashcards
Pathos
emotional connection to audience
logos
logical argruement
ethos
Credibility of the person
Connotative meaning
meaning within the sentence
denotative meaning
meaning in the dicitonary
Red herring
something that distracts you from the real issue
Hasty generalization
Jumping to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.
False cause
Mistakenly assuming that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second.
Ad Hominem
Attacking your opponent rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.
Either / Or
Argues there are only two options when more than two exist.
Bandwagon
Assumes that because something is popular, it is good, correct, or desirable.
Slippery Slope
Assumes that taking the first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be avoided.
Invalid Analogy
Analogy in which the two cases being compared are not alike.
What are the propositions?
fact, value, policy.
What are fact propositions?
A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.
Draws a conclusion by moving an audience from established evidence to a claim.
What are Value propositions?
A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action. Propositions of value use value terms: good/bad, right/wrong, just/unjust, important/unimportant, beautiful/ugly, etc.
What are policy propositions?
Deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
Types of reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Causal Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Reasoning from Specific Instances
Specific instances to general conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
General knowledge to specific application.
Reasoning from Principle
Causal Reasoning
Seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects or events and outcomes.
Analogical Reasoning
Compares two similar cases and infers that what is true in the first case is also true for the second.
Simile
Comparing two unlike things using like or as
Metaphore
Comparing two unlike things not using like or as
Hyperbole
deliberate exaggeration of actual events
Personification
giving an inanimate object human qualities
Cliché
and over used expression for something
Parallelism
The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences
Antithesis
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in a parallel structure
Repetition
Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences
Alliteration
Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words
Anaphora
When the first word or set of words are repeated at the beginning of the sentence.
Epistrophe
When the last word or set of words in a sentence is repeated at the end of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases
Types of evidence
Facts
Examples
Statistics
Testimony
What are the components of ethos
trustworthiness
competence
friendliness
charisma
types of outline
Problem/Solution
Refutation
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Introduction
Build enthusiasm
- Boost speaker’s credibility
- Welcome speaker
Presentation Speech
Honor & praise recipient
Give award or gift
Acceptance Speech
- Express gratitude
2. Express meaning of award
Commemorative Speeches
Inspire audience
Pay tribute to person, group, institution, idea
types of commemorative speeches
Toast Eulogy Dedication After dinner speech Inaugural address Commencement address Roast