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History and Systems > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

darwins theory of evolution

A

struggle for survival: survival of the fittest
natural selection: results in evolution
fitness: organisms ability to survive and reproduce
(adaptive features=fitness)

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2
Q

social darwinism

A

Herbert Spencer’s view that society should compete which would result in the weaker individuals dying out and natural selection taking place

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3
Q

alfred binet

A

attempted to measure directly cognitive abilities that he thought lead to intelligence
said that Galton’s measures were inaccurate
rationalist view

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4
Q

binet-simon scale of intelligence

A

measured levels of intelligence
belief that intelligence is not a single ability but can grow
distinguishes levels of intelligence

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5
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

according to spearman, this aspect of intelligence is inherited and coordinates specific abilities

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6
Q

IQ

A

intelligence quotient
stern’s suggested procedure for measuring intelligence
IQ= mental age/chronological age

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7
Q

tenets of functionalism

A 
endorse evolutionary theory
practical application of science
diverse research methods
process oriented
interested in motivation
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8
Q

william james

A

functionalism
scientific and philosophical view
opposed wundt’s approach
empirical self, material self, social self—-instinct governs us
ego- the “i’ of personality
pragmatism= belief that if an idea works, it’s valid. the usefulness/cash value of an idea is most important

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9
Q

james-lange theory of emotion

A

thoughts determine behavior, behavior determines emotions

first, we react behaviorally and we have an emotional response
we can determine our emotions by choosing our actions

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10
Q

g stanley hall

A 
recapitulation theory
lifespan psych
first experimental laboratory 
first APA president
invited freud to clark university
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11
Q

recapitulation theory

A

human development reflects all the evolutionary stages

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12
Q

francis sumner

A

first african american to receive PhD in psych

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13
Q

kenneth clark

A

researched negative effects of segregation on children

first african american president of APA

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14
Q

john dewey

A

key figure in development of functionalism
wrote ‘the reflex arc concept”
education focused
Coined progressive education, which was oriented towards the student rather than the subject.
education should be interactive

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15
Q

ivan pavlov

A

classical conditioning (salivating dogs)
behaviorism
wanted a completely objective psychology
all behavior is reflexive

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16
Q

john watson

A

founder of behaviorism
goal of psych= predict and control behavior
instincts don’t matter

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17
Q

b.f skinner

A

behaviorist
psych should study functional relationship between environmental events and behavior
positivism

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18
Q

gestalt psychology

A

studies the whole segments of behavior and cognitive experience

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19
Q

psychopphysical isomorphism

A

patterns of activity produced by the brain-not the sensory experience- cause mental experience

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20
Q

law of pragnanz

A

gestalt psych

mental events will tend to be organized

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21
Q

max wertheimer

A

founded the school of gestalt psych with his paper

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22
Q

wolfgang kohler

A

worked with wertheimer on perception experiments

cofounder of school of gestalt psych

23
Q

insightful learning

A

learning that involves perceiving solution to a problem after a period of trial and error

24
Q

kurt lewin

A

gestalt
conflicts in decision making
motivation and group economics

25
Q

early explanations of mental illness

A

biological: all disease is caused by the body malfunctioning.
psychological: psychological events are causes of abnormal behavior. emphasis on anxiety, guilt, fear, grief, disappointment, conflict…
supernatural: inflicted by mortal or immortal being. popular in middle ages

26
Q

philippe pinel

A

one of the first to view mentally ill people as sick rather than as criminals, beasts, or possessed individuals

27
Q

benjamin rush

A

first US psychiatrist

advocated humane treatment but still used bloodletting and rotating chairs

28
Q

lightner witmer

A

founder if clinical psych

29
Q

sigmund freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis

(conflict of animalistic impulses and human desire to live in a civilized society

30
Q

freuds views on human nature

A

most things we do are unconscious

(conflict of animalistic impulses and human desire to live in a civilized society

31
Q

freuds developmental theory

A

pychosexual stages- awareness of gender and physical sexuality
1. oral (0-18mo): pleasure focus on mouth
2.anal (18-36 mo): pleasure focuses on bowel, bladder elimination, coping with demands for control
3. Phallic (3-6 years): pleasure zone = genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings, children become more aware of sexual sensations
• Oedipal complex: jealousy of same sex parent (power)
4.Latency (6-puberty): repressed sexual feelings
5.Genital (puberty on): maturation of sexual interests, adult interests
 before Freud, people though children were asexual until puberty
 suppression/repression as responses to anxiety
• Dreams= release of repressions
 Psychic energy can get attached to one or more of these stages- fixation
• Therapy= free the psychic energy

32
Q

freuds personality theory

A

iceberg visual
id=foundation for basic energy of life aka why we keep going
superego: conscience, right and wrong

33
Q

carl jung

A

influenced by freud
first to talk about ‘self’
unconscious self=
• Personal: from life experiences. may not remember experiences specifically/consciously but unconsciously
• Collective: passed along genetically, influenced by personal experiences, mental heritage
Ex: fear of snakes is evolutionary

34
Q

alfred adler

A

first to talk of ‘complexes’/syndromes, birth order effect, self actualization, social relationships
Social relationships:
• Thought Freud focused too much in individual
• We are greatly unconsciously influenced
• Relationships need to be mutually influential

35
Q

Karen Horney

A

broke away from freudian thinking
created her own theory
emphasized culture rather than biological causes

36
Q

phenomenology

A

introspective study of intact mental experiences

37
Q

rollo may

A

brought existential philosophy and psych to US

38
Q

abraham maslow

A

humanistic psychologist
emphasized innate tendency toward self actualization
hierarchy of needs

39
Q

carl rogers

A

humanistic psychologist
alternative to psychoanalysis
only way to understand a person is to understand how they view things (their reality)

40
Q

humanistic psych

A

studying animals is not helpful in learning about humans
subjective reality
what does it mean to be a human?

41
Q

positive psych

A

more science centered study of positive attributes of humans

42
Q

triune brain

A

mclain’s model

  1. reptilian/basal: breathing, heartbeat, alterness to stimuli, wake/sleep cycle, gross motor coordination
  2. mammilian/limbic: social herding, attachment, emotional/motivational impulses, memories, communication, bp, courtship
  3. cerebral cortex: voluntary functions (choices, planning, inhibition of impulses…)
43
Q

artificial intelligence

A

computer science that investigates the extent to which machines can simulate or duplicate the intelligent behavior of living organisms

44
Q

7 forces in psychology

A
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Learning theories (early 20th century)
  • Humanism (mid-later 20th century)
  • Systems
  • Cognitive
  • Neurobiological
  • Multicultural feminism
45
Q

functionalism

A

o Emphasis on science, practicality, individuality, and evolutionary theory. Based to be a practical science, not a pure science. Based psychology to provide applications to improve the world.

46
Q

mary calkins

A

studied with james

paired associate technique

47
Q

relationship between worldviews, philosophy, and theories

A

worldviews affect methods used by psychotherapists. for example, if they are humanist, they will focus on the positive aspects of their client

48
Q

APA vs APS

A

APA: began scientifically and moved to applied psych
APS: split from APA and stuck with scientific pursuit

49
Q

evolutionary psych

A

combo of darwinian thinking with study of human mind. brain evolves to solve problems through socialization and development

50
Q

existentialism

A

philosophical approach to clinical problems.
ex: anxiety is not something that needs to be removed, but it is necessary quality that triggers creativity.
experience and embrace the problem

51
Q

karen horney

A 
social impact
3 patterns of neurotic people
1.moving forward people
2. moving against people
3. moving away from people
52
Q

freud’s view of human nature

A

pessimistic about human nature and religion (makes us child like)

53
Q

thomas szasz

A

mental illness= problems in living, not illness

History and Systems (1 decks)

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