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Nonverbal Communication > FINAL :) > Flashcards

FINAL :) Flashcards

1
Q

Eye Gaze: Definition

A

When one person is looking in the eyes of another person but that person is not looking back

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2
Q

Definition: Mutual eye gaze

A

When the individuals are making eye contact

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3
Q

How often is Gaze used during an Interaction?

A

50%

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4
Q

Does gaze very on whether you are the listener or the speaker?

A

Yes
More while listening- 60%
Less while speaking-40%

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5
Q

What are the functions of gaze?

A
  • Regulating Communication
  • Monitoring feedback
  • reflecting cognitive activity
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6
Q

How do we regulate communication with eye gaze?

A

opening up or closing comm with eye contact

  • avoid eye contact don’t want to comm
  • obtain eye contact to start convo
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7
Q

How do we monitor feedback with gaze?

A

use gaze to monitor other persons responses

ex: beginning relationship am i receiving positive feedback?

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8
Q

how does gaze reflect cognitive activity

A
  • trying to process info
  • what did you have for breakfast? 2 sec look away
  • what are your plans in 10 years? 10 second look away
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9
Q

Expressing Emotion Gaze: Sadness

A

tend to look downward

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10
Q

Expressing Emotion Gaze: Guilt

A

look left and right, shifty eyes

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11
Q

Expressing Emotion Gaze: Thinking

A

looking up, fingers around your mouth when you’re introspective

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12
Q

Expressing Emotion Gaze: affection

A

eyes give clues as to level of affection

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13
Q

Communicate Nature of Relationship: Intimacy

A
  • building relationship-more eye contact
  • positive times more EC
  • negative times less EC
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14
Q

Communicate Nature of Relationship: Dominance

A

Staring eye–> “Evil eye” not blinking shows dominance

ex: fishing boats, correctional camps cant look at officer

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15
Q

What is the visual dominance ratio?

A

VDR= % of time gazing while speaking / % of time gazing while listening
higher ratio = more dominate

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16
Q

Factors that Affect eye gaze: Culture

A

contact cultures have more eye gaze than non-contact cultures
-universally different on what gaze is acceptable vs not acceptable

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17
Q

Factors that Affect eye gaze: Sex

A

Females more comfortable with eye gaze than male

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18
Q

Factors that Affect eye gaze: Topic & Emotion

A 
Positive= more eye gaze
Negative= less eye gaze
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19
Q

Factors that Affect eye gaze: Tasks

A

competitive= check competition but not give as much eye contact
cooperative=mutual eye gaze

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20
Q

What’s the prototype face in western Caucasians and East Asians? General conclusions:

A

Western Caucasians eye gaze doesn’t play a factor in prototype face
-East Asians- gaze is important

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21
Q

Factors that Affect eye gaze: Individual/Personality

A

shy=less gaze
extraverted=more gaze
15% of the time considered cold, submissive, indifferent –> negative w/little eye contact
80% of time natural sincere etc–> positive with more eye contact

22
Q

Pupil Dilation and Constriction

A

constricts based on physiological arousal

  • dominant and confident has smaller pupils
  • larger pupils when being loving
23
Q

Pupil Dilation and Constriction: Hess

A

pupils dilate= positive towards someone

pupils constrict=negative towards someone

24
Q

Pupil Dilation and Constriction:Hensley

A

look at 20 pics people with large pupil identified as more friendly- better social skills and more attractive

25
Q

Pupil Dilation and Constriction: Stass and Willis

A

subjects interact with confederate–> large pupil = friendly, easy to talk to
—> unconscious

26
Q

Factors that Affect pupil size:

A

Lighting- dark shrink-light dilate
Drugs- if you’re on anti depressants pupils dilate
physiological arousal
-excited or nervous about something pupils may dilate
-interested engaged

27
Q

Vocalic qualities: Pitch

A 
range-lowest note to highest note say
question-pitch goes up
statement-pitch goes down
vibration of vocal folds vibration per second
RESONANCE- vibration in the head cavity 
-lower has more resonance
28
Q

Volume (intensity)

A

energy, loudness of voice

do you have loud of soft voice?

29
Q

Rate (Tempo)

A

how fast or slow you talk
average range 100 words per min
like talking to someone with same range as us

30
Q

Rhythym

A

•Does it have a good flow? Is it poetic/ sing-song-y?
•Do you have a lot of hesitations, stuttered starts?
Ex: MLK’s “I have a dream” speech—had a good rhythm

31
Q

Articulation

A
  • Degree to which you are clear & precise in what you’re saying; measure, forceful
  • Is it more relaxed, or is it more mumbled? Less clear?
32
Q

Vocal Segregates

A

(fillers) UM ah like you know uh huh mmmhmm

33
Q

Silence

A

• Functions (e.g., evaluation, reflecting cognitive activity, punctuating/accenting)

34
Q

Pauses and speech latency

A
  • Pauses— silences in their own speech—grammatical pauses; in-between points
  • Speech latency—Silence between 2 people talking—time between one person starts talking & other stops. It’s about 1 second.
35
Q

Extralinguistic features

A

o Rate, rhythm
• Rate we have to hear them talk for a span of time to establish how many words per minute
o Duration of speech
• How long do you talk when you have the floor?
o Dialect & accent
• Dialect—verbal slang
• Accent—more specific to phonology

36
Q

Attractive voice

A 
o	Moderate-high volume
o	Lower pitch for males/moderate pitch for females
o	More resonance
o	Moderate to fast rate
•	We don’t think Eeyore has an attractive voice
o	More articulation
o	Less monotonous
o	Less nasality
o	More fluency
37
Q

Halo Effect

A

attractive voice= attractive person

38
Q

Detecting characteristics from voice : Sex

A

females talk faster more articulate more vocal variety

39
Q

Age

A

older rate slows down we get tremors

pitch range also slow

40
Q

social status

A

research not support

41
Q

race/ethnicity

A

o Are good at detecting this, especially from 2 very different cultures. We shy away from assumptions based on just the voice.

42
Q

Interaction Synchrony

A

better able to establish an interaction w/ this
o Expect it to happen so when it doesn’t happen, we think it’s awkward.
o Come away w/ a negative interaction

43
Q

Socialization

A

tendency to comm w/ other people; we socialize people from day 1, when we’re kids, to take turns.
o It’s a back & forth; you take a turn, I take a turn, you take a turn, etc.
o Have to teach kids you can’t interrupt others—wait their turn

44
Q

• Nonverbal behaviors typically used to regulate interaction

A

rely on these
o “I’m done talking, you can talk now.” → We don’t say this
o We give people signals to talk or when you try to jump in → put your hand on their shoulder, touch the table, etc.
• Use these as a last resort

45
Q

• Research focuses on dyadic conversations in acquaintance relationships

A

o Play by the social norms; what are the dimensions in these turn taking behaviors?
o Once we’re in a relationship, we know when they’re done talking & when you can talk.
o When will people use social norms in this turn taking behaviors

46
Q

What are the 4 turn taking behaviors

A
  • Turn Yielding
  • Turn Maintaining
  • Turn Requesting
  • Turn Denying
47
Q

Turn Yeilding(speaker)

A

• You have the floor but you give it to someone else
• Eye gaze—staring at someone indicates you want them to talk
 Raising or lowering of pitch
 Decreasing loudness
 Slowed tempo
 “Drawl” on last syllable
 Use of utterances (e.g., “but ah…” “so…”)
 Extended unfilled pauses
 Body tension becomes relaxed
 Gestures come to resting position
 Gazing at other

48
Q

Turn Maintaining (speaker)

A

• You want to keep the floor & not give it to anyone else
• Talk faster & shorter pauses, increased volume
 Loudness increases
 Gestures do not come to a rest
 Upright posture
 Increasing # of filled pauses
 Perhaps lightly touching the listener—“It’s okay, I’m almost done…Let me finish…”
 Avert eye gaze

49
Q

Turn Requesting(listener)

A

• As a listener, you do things to request that you want the floor.
• Open mouth is a sign of requesting something to say
• Upright hand or a finger, cut them off by agreeing w/ them, short breaths like you’re about to speak
 Upraised finger
 Audible inhaling
 Straightening of posture
 Preening for speaker role
 Speeding up speaker w/ nods & utterances (“mmhmm,”, “yeah”)
 Stutter starts (trying to interrupt)
 Simultaneous talk

50
Q

Turn Denying (listener)

A

• Speaker gives you the floor but you don’t know what to say or have nothing to say. “You can have the floor back.”
• Silence, aversion of gaze,
 Relaxed listening pose maintained
 Maintain silence
 Avert gaze
 Encourage speaker to continue (through utterances or head nods)
 Repeat last words of speaker

Nonverbal Communication (1 decks)

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