Final Flashcards
Fredrick Church
Niagara
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Is done from the Canadian side
Represents the falls without any buildings
The tower in the background was built in 1830 and blown up in 1870
Niagara Falls was called the wonder of wonder
Rainbow in the left. (represents noah’s ark)(during that time God promised to never cause that kind of terrible thing again)
Thomas Cole
Oxbow
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Painted based on his visits there
Is included in the painting with an easel
Cole is facing away from the man altered landscape
Is also called View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, MA after a thunderstorm
Thomas Cole
Voyage of Life: Youth
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Asher Durand
Kindred Spirits
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Landscape is the Katskill Mountains in NY
Thomas Cole (holding a red portfolio and wearing a yellow hat)
William Colom Briant (american poet)
Has to do with the Clauden Formula
Threesome(holy trinity)(art,nature,religion)(cole,briant,durran)
Was painted a year after cole died (bird flying is said to be him)
Jasper Cropsey
Autumn-On The Hudson River
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Fredrick Church
Heart Of The Andes
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Was done in his studio
Is a bunch of scenes he saw in South America
Christian shrine on the left
Signed and dated the painting on the tree trunk on the left that is very bright
Is described as the right place at the right time
Alexander von Humboldt
Kosmos
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Deticated to the landscape painter (told people to go to the equater)
Charles Darwin
On The Orgin of Species by the Means of Natural Selection
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Went to Golopigoes Islands off of the ewador in South America
Found creation happening over a long long time
Was taking God out of nature (didn’t mean to)
Fredric Church
Cotopaxi
Hudson River School 1820-1865
Are celebrated mountains in the Andes
Is a volcano
Is a fiction painting (never saw it arupt)
Got bright colors from fresh paints from the art store
Civil War going on (political metaphor)
Fredric Church
Twilight in the Wilderness
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Political metahpor (the calm before the storm)(storm=civil war)
In the Aderondacks (North America)
Albert Bierstadt
The Rocky Mountains, Landers Peak
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Can tell its American by indians in forground
Clauden Formula
Butchering bear in the front
The body of water is very bright (looks like a Copley table top)
Albert Bierstadt
Among The Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA
Hudson River School: 1820-1865
Deer identifies it as North American
Clauden formula used
Exaderaded the mountains
The Civil War ended, the country is trying to find itself
Fredrick Law Olmsted and Vaux
Central Park
Romantic Landscape Design: 1776-1865
In Manhattan
In 19th century was thought to be unusable
William Bryant said its necessary to have a park like this in NY
Was meant to be perly demecratic
Walking, bike, carriage trails
Bow Bridge goes through park (largest)
Robert Smithson
Spiral Jetty
Earthwork: 1960-present
Walls built to protect beach aroshon
Is site specific
150,000 ft long and 15 ft wide
Was the site of an abandon oil rig
When the water pulls it turns pink
Was full demicrated art
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Running Fence
Earthwork: 1960-present
Was only visible for two weeks
September 10-23
Was site specific
North of San Fransico on CA coast
Was 24.5 miles long crossed 59 private ranches
Was meant for pleasure
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Central Park Gates
Earthwork: 1960-present
Only up for 16 days
Used a saphran color nixlon fabric for each gate
7,503 gates placed on the walkways
Walter DeMaria
New York Earth Room
Earthwork: 1960-present
3rd Earth room, only still intact
Used earth from NY state nursery
200,080 lbs of Earth, 22 inches deep
holy relic, religious object that was used that is put on display
John Fredrick Kensett
Beacon Rock, Newport Harbor
Luminism: 1850-1875
A visual contiment to transindentilism
John Fredrick Kensett
Shrewsbury River
Luminism: 1850-1875
A visual comtiment to transindentalism
Emerson said the health of the eye demans a horizon
Kensett heard Emerson’s lecture
Emerson said the sky is the daily bread of our eyes (provides nurishment)
Lane
Owl’s Head, Penobscot Bay
Luminism: 1850-1875
Is the coast of Maine
Shown still and quiet
Has a golden glow
3/4 of the painting is the sky (Emerson)
Would grid the scooter boats to get more detailed design
Emerson wanted the exact and the vas
Lane
Brace’s Rock
Luminism: 1850-1875
In Glouster Massaschusets
Arranged the rocks in a horizontal format
Wanted the empheses of light to relate to God
Heade
Thunder Storm on Narragansett Bay
Luminism: 1850-1875
Men are bringing in their equitment before storm
Very dark
Cross like object on left
Sky covers 2/3 of painting (luministic characteristic)
William Sydney Mount
The Truant Gamblers
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Older man carrying a pitchfork
Kids look like they are drinking and gambling
Mount would talk to the dead and talked to Rembrandt
Used a lot of Rembrandts techniques
William Sydney Mount
The Painter’s Triumph
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Viewer can’t see painting
Historic painting in background (shows education)
Mount in the painting
Golden glow (rembrandt technique)
William Sydney Mount
Eel Spearing at Setauket
Romanticism: 1776-1865
People in boat
Very luministic
Boat seats to be sitting on water
Two adults and an animal
George Bingham
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
Romanticism: 1776-1865
People in boat
Very luministic
Boat seats to be sitting on water
Two adults and an animal
George Bingham
Jolly Flatboatman
Romanticism: 1776-1865
People dancing on a boat
The pole makes strong horizontal
manufest destiny (concurring the west)
John Rogers
Slave Auction
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Made in plaster
Would be painted bashe or gray (to look like stone)
Did genre paintings
Would put title on base
Mother holding child and other child holding her while father was being sold
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia State Capitol
Neoclassicism: 1776-1865
First true neoclassism building on a surviving ancient Roman Temple
Has pediments
Used ionic collums
Used a house he found as a refrence
Was white to look like marble
Masconari was the temple he went off of
Had front entrance staircase
Doric - strong and sterty. (Greeks prefered)(most simple)
Ionic - a little more detailed (has base)(two scrolls on top)
Corinthian - Roman prefered (rows of leaves on top)(used acantus leaves)
Thomas Jefferson
Monticello
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Was Jefferson’s Home
Planned to be his villa after presidency
Built on mountain top so you can look out
Had a lot of slaves
Has (low saucer dome)(portico)(perfectly symetrical)(free standing columns)
Thomas Jefferson
University of Virginia
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Believed learning should take place in a healthy place
Believed students and faculty should live together
Was the first non-religious should of higher education
Pavilions (1st floor classrooms)(2nd floor faculty lived)
Students lived in connecting buildings to faculty
James Hoban and Benjamin Latrobe
The White House
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Jefferson wanted to design the White House
James Hoban was the first to design this house and got $500
Was built by slave labor
John Adams was the first to move into the White House
Design (ordinary)(2 main floors)(engaged columns)
Latro was called to fix up the structure of the building (added free standing columns to the front)
War of 1812 attack on the white house and was painted white which is how it got its name
Thornton, Latrobe, Bulfinch, Walter
The US Capital Building
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Thorton had ancient resources but never finished
Latrob made the building perfectly symetrical (added low dome)(carinthian columns)(front staircase)
After Latrob there were domes added over the Senate and The House of Representatives
Walter’s changes where supposed to be a sign of union
added wings to both sides
added 280 ft dome (cast iron on top of original center dome)
Armed Freedom is the statue on the dome
Strickland
Second Bank of The US
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Had a stort life as a federal bank
Both sides of the bank are identical
Built from blocks of marble
Doric Columns
Influenced by the Parthenon (largest Greek Temple dedicated to Athena)
Bacon
Lincoln Memorial
Neoclassism: 1776-1865
Sculpture of Lincoln is inside
Has front staircase
Greek Doric Columns (free standing on all four sides)
Used Parthinion as influence
Building is raised up like the Greeks used to do
Alexander Jackson Davis
Henry Delamater Residence
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Became a popular style for midclass people
Was built in wood (weird because they loved nature)
Has front porch (was a way to show they had free time)
Has pointable arches on the windows
Casement windows from medival style
Board and battion wood (vertical boards with thin strips of wood going over where the wide boards meet)
known as gingerbread architecher
Wood was often painted pink
Wood
American Gothic
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Gothic because of the house in the background
Avoided working in European style
House (looks midwestern)(board and battion)(has a front porch)(pointed arch windows)
People (look middle class)
The guy is the artist dentist and the woman is the artist sister
The pitch fork is in reference to the dentest cleaning the teeth
Pattern on the dress and on the shades in the house are the same (shows she was a hard worker)
Was during the great depression
Alexander Jackson Davis
Llewellyn Park
Romanticism: 1776-1865
425 acres of residental land
In esicks county NJ
Is a gated community
People would live there and work in NY
Most of the original homes are gone
Thomas Edision lived there
Planned to look unplanned (ponds, walkways, bridges)
Vaux & Fredric Church
Olana
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Over looked the Hudson River (one of the widest points)
Nothing was taking out of the house since Church lived there
On the left is the studio wing built in 1880
Church wrote - Olana is the center of the Earth and I own it
Has 40 rooms
Renwick
Smithsonian Institution
Romanticism: 1776-1865
Funded by a Bristish man thinking americans needed scientis
Largest building in American in Romantic style
People thought it was distastful to Washington
Towers are all different hights
Designed at one time with different styles
Rose window in the front (virgin mary)
Renwick
St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Romanticism: 1776-1865
In Manhattan
Opened late because of the Civil War (workers were fighting in the war)
Largest catholic church in America because of large influx of catholics coming in
Built on solid bedrock
When built was a skyscraper now is dorfed
Three doors entering (holy trinity)
Made from granted
Frank Furness and George Hewitt
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Romanticism: 1776-1865
America’s first art school and first museum
Galleries are on the upper floor with sky lights
Painting studios were on the north side of building
They accepted woman and people of color
Did animal disections in the basement
Has an industrial elevator to bring horses in to draw
Was thought of as a factory for art
Ceris headless statue over the front door which is now gone
The students have a seperate enterence from the public
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
Realism: 1865-1900
Had a poem in the book called Song To Myself which celebrated himself
Alexander Gardner
A Harvest of Death
Realism: 1865-1900
Was taken at Gettysburg (first war to be documented with photos)
In the background there are people on horses pick pocketing the dead
Thomas Eakins
Max Schmitt in a Single Skull
Realism: 1865-1900
Did a series of sport scenes
Was the first painting he offered for sale
Max was an aminature skuller
Done by sketches in the studio and then the landscape was painted on the river
Figure in the back is Eakins and his signed the painting there
Thomas Eakins
The Gross Clinic
Realism: 1865-1900
The most important painting in history
Is removing the infected part of the leg
Patient was under anistisha (was state of the art- usually was never used)
Dr. Gross is shown heroic with the light source
Eakins is in the painting drawing
Eakins believed surgery was the most artful was of medicine
Light off Gross forhead (symbolizes brains)
Patients mother is in the painting cover her face
Gross would teach during the whole operation
Patient wearing blue socks which means it was a charity case
Thomas Eakins
The Agnew Clinic
Realism: 1865-1900
Did public surgies
Students asked Eakins to do the painting so it can go to the school
Angew would give opening and closing remarks
Eakins is to the far right with a doctor whispering to him
University trained nurse in the foreground (doctors didn’t like nurses)(thought they wouldn’t listen)
Thomas Eakins
Walt Whitman
Realism: 1865-1900
Not commisioned
Signed the painting in upper right corner
Light source coming from right from window
Originally signed 1889 but Whitman died 1882
Thomas Eakins
Miss Amelia Van Buren
Realism: 1865-1900
Was a photo
Chair is a studio prop
She isn’t looking at the audience
People who thought a lot became exhausted
Eakin would often aloud the person to take home the painting after he was done
Homer
Long Branch, NY
Realism, 1865-1900
Was an oil painting
All the woman were using the collapisble umbrella
Homer was in Paris so was painted from memory
Genre subject
No one is looking at the viewer
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
Realism: 1865-1900
Wanted to show stop action
Is a spiral staircase
People said it looks like shingles
