Final

Question 1

Deontological is __ based reasoning and Teleological is __ based reasoning

Answer 1

rule, value

Question 2

Who is responsible for keeping a relationship in the continuum?

Answer 2

The person with the most power (aka the doctor)

Question 3

Ethics is made up of __ and ___

Answer 3

morals (rules and values) and methods (deontological and teleological)

Question 4

You can end a patient relationship if the patient changes insurance providers, if the doctor is sick, if the doctor retires, or if the doctor moves.

However, ___ occurs due to a unilateral withdrawal by a physician from a patients care without first formally transferring that care to another qualified physician who is acceptable to the patient. The physician must also give the patient an extended notice.

Answer 4

abandonment

Question 5

The physician patient relationship includes a ___ relationship (involving an imbalance of power and vulnerability), a voluntary relationship (except in the case of an emergency), socially binding contract (and/or covenant), and a ___ relationship (bound by principles, codes, laws, and duties)

Answer 5

professional, moral

Question 6

Name the fallacy

1) The argument makes it seem like the action leads to an inevitable series/conclusion
2) The argument is used to attack the person rather than the reasoning (an argument can still have merit, even if its from the stupidest person in the world)
3) Exaggerating aka misrepresenting the opposing argument
4) The argument makes it seem like there are only two extreme options

Answer 6

1) Slippery slope
2) Ad Hominem
3) Straw man
4) False dilemma

Question 7

In a ethics debate, just know that you must

a) represent the opposing position accurately and fairly
b) Must identify the core issue at stake
c) Admit doubts, difficulties, and weaknesses in your OWN position
d) Incorporate the patient’s perspective

Question 8

Theories that base right from wrong being determined by the consequence of your action is ___

Theories based strictly on rules is __

^^ These are the broad categories

1) The morally good outcome is the one that creates the most happiness for everyone evolved and affected
2) We figure out what moral rules will lead to the greatest possible outcome for everyone involved if generally accepted and followed in out society.

3) The morally good outcome is the one that makes You specifically the happiest
4) Do onto others as you would have others do onto you (In others words, doing ones duty)

Answer 8

consequentialist

Deontological (aka non-consequentialist)

1) Act- Utilitarianism
2) Rule- Utilitarianism
3) Ethical Egoism

** Both of these are consequentialist actions ^

4) Kant’s Deontology

Question 9

A moral theory is __ if it is coherent, easy to use, and lines up with our intuitions

Answer 9

successful

Question 10

The 4 principles

Allowing others to make choices and take actions based on their views, beliefs, goals, and desires without coercion or restraint is ___

Do not cause harm is __

Actively do good for others is __

Treating like cases alike is __

Answer 10

autonomy

Non-maleficence

Beneficence

Justice

Question 11

2 subcategories of justice are __ is the idea that benefits and burdens of healthcare should be distributed equally (aka equal shares)

and __ which is the idea of equal liberty to make healthcare choices for all (everyone should have the same amount of autonomy)

Answer 11

Egalitarianism (health insurance, ER treatment, taxes)

Libertarianism (health insurance in a free market, ** choice of doctor, ** choice of treatment)

Question 12

Most chronic illnesses are hard to treat in Kenya since they run out of prescribed medicine quickly, however ___ treatment and anti__ therapy is 2 chronic diseases that can in fact be treated due to the abundance of medicine in Kenya

** Acute illness and infectious disease are best treated

Answer 12

HIV, antituberculosis

Question 13

What two social factors are the most important in the poor quality of health care in Kenya?

Answer 13

Transportation and pervasive poverty

Question 14

Informed consent requires __ aka providing the relevant treatment information to patients.

__ which involves the right a patient has to make treatment decisions free from undue influence

___ exposes the pressure point between autonomy and paternalism

Answer 14

disclosure (** Except in emergency, waiver, incompetency, or therapeutic privilege)

Voluntariness (**Except force, coercion aka u cant leave unless you get treatment, or manipulation)

truth telling (Protective deception is ok)

Question 15

When can you restrict autonomy? Name 4

Answer 15

The harm principle (to others), the principle of paternalism (harm to themselves), the principle of legal moralism (breaking the law), Welfare principle (benefit to others)

Question 16

What are the 4 domains for determining capacity?

Answer 16

Understanding, appreciating, reasoning, and able to express a choice

Question 17

What are the three components to informed consent?

Answer 17

Disclosure, capacity, and voluntariness

Question 18

What are the two exceptions to informed consent?

Answer 18

Voluntarily waived decision making authority, and when disclosure of info would cause harm

Question 19

Procedures with minimal risk can be agreed with __ consent, but for more serious treatments you need __ consent

Answer 19

implied, explicit

Question 20

HIPAA applies to __

Answer 20

PHI (Protected Health Information)

Question 21

Exceptions to HIPAA include research, law enforcement, or communicable disease reporting

Patients ___ (CAN OR CAN’T) sue providers who violate HIPAA

Answer 21

can’t

Question 22

__ is the law that employment and health insurance decisions cannot be based on genetic predisposition or applicant’s DNA

Answer 22

GINA

** Life insurance, long term care insurance, and disability insurance are not included in this

Question 23

Assent is most important to obtain for __ in pediatrics

Answer 23

research

Question 24

A __ minor is someone who is pregnant, a parent, or lives independently and supports himself and a __ minor is someone who really understands the decision they make

**Minors who have been married or parents, members of armed forces, homeless - 16 older- and not financially dependent of parents

Answer 24

Emancipated, mature

Question 25

Pediatrics is based on the ___ standard

Answer 25

best interest

Question 26

Just remember about Dr. Krugman’s experiments in Willowbrook and the hepatitis stuff

Answer 26

From session 9

Question 27

What are the 4 principles of biomedical ethics

Answer 27

Beneficence (do things to benefit your patient)

Nonmaleficence (Don’t harm your patient)

Respect autonomy

Justice

Question 28

__ theory is the idea that God gave us the rules

Answer 28

Divine Command Theory

Question 29

The __ clause allows members of a religious community who object to certain actions to refuse providing treatment

The __ policy is applied to government funding for research on issues where the government try’s to take a neutral view (such as fetal tissue use)

Answer 29

conscious

separation

Question 30

The rule of ___ means that it is alright if an intervention has a secondary negative or undesirable outcome, even though you know it is likely to occur, as long as the intended primary outcome is positive or desirable

The ideal of ___ is that physicians must be faithful to the interests of their patients

Answer 30

double effect

covenantal fidelity

Question 31

According to Brody, religious ethical discussion most often relies on a set of ___-based moral constraints

Answer 31

rule

Question 32

__ care is the care of patients with life-limiting illness with the primary goal of comfort and quality

A terminally ill patient, cared for by __ is when the life expectancy is __ months or less if the disease runs its normal course

Answer 32

Palliative

Hospice, 6

Question 33

A person is dead if no traces of brain activity are found over a period of ___ even if they are on a ventilator

Answer 33

48 hours

Question 34

A __ that directs treatment or a __ that has a spokesperson elected can be used as 2 types of advance directives

Answer 34

living will, durable power of attorney

Question 35

The __ leads the world in assisted suicide, but it is still illegal

Answer 35

Netherlands

Question 36

Who is responsible for following the Patient Self Determination Act and what does this act recognize?

Answer 36

HCP that get federal funding

advance directives

Question 37

___ will reimburse physicians for engaging patients in advance care planning discussions

Answer 37

CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)

Question 38

4 main goals of advanced care planning are what?

Answer 38

Relieving the burden, Respecting culture, Strengthening relationships, and maintaining a sense of control

Question 39

There are three major functions of a Healthcare Ethics Committee, most often they are used for case __ which are subdivided into three categories including Full-Committee consolation, Individual consultation, and Consolation subcommittee.

Next, they are also used for __ development, review, and implementation, and finally they are used to __ the entire hospital as well as members of the committee itself

Answer 39

consultations

policy

educate

Question 40

The Joint commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requirement was the main instigation for the creation of ___

Answer 40

Ethics Committees

Question 41

__ disparities are that certain groups are generally sicker than other groups or have a lower life expectancy or higher rate of maternal mortality and ___ disparities are different groups have different access to healthcare or provided different health care even if they have access to it

Answer 41

Health, Health Care