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Toxicology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the characteristic sequale upon dermal contact with a strong base such as lye (sodium hydroxide)?

A

progressive, penetrative damage

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2
Q

Which of the following is the characteristic sequale upon dermal contact with a strong base such as lye (sodium hydroxide)?

A

progressive, penetrative damage

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3
Q

The intensity of a systemic toxic effect is directly proportional which one of the following?

A

Absorbed dose

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4
Q

The protective function of the skin against chemical absorption is due to the presence of which of the following?

A

Oily secretion from the sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Delayed-onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of which of the following chemical exposures?

A

Inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility

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6
Q

Which of the following Therapeutic Indices represents a chemical that is most likely to cause serious toxicity upon even slight overdose?

A

2

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7
Q

Which of the following categories of chemicals will NOT cause toxic effects at any dose?

A

all the above

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8
Q

Methemoglobinemia is characterized by which of the following?

A

A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate-brown

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9
Q

The gas that has poor warning properties is which of the following

A

CO

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10
Q

Which of the following chemicals does NOT cause methemoglobinemia?

A

lead acetate

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct for carbon monoxide?

A

It has greatest binding affinity for adult Hb

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12
Q

Which of the following are sources of carbon monoxide?

A

Cigarette smoke
Automobile exhaust
gasoline generators

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13
Q

Infants are at high risk for methemoglobinemia due to developmental deficiency of which of the following?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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14
Q

In general, the ability of any chemical to produce systemic (not local) toxic effects is primarily dependent upon which of the following factors?

A

Concentration of free chemical in plasma

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15
Q

Carbon monoxide inhalation

A

A. will reduce the amount of Hb available to transport oxygen B. can be mis-diagnosed as “Flu”
C. can cause fetal damage

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16
Q

Irritant gases that are likely to cause “upper” respiratory tract damage

A

will have high water solubility

B. will increase respiratory tract secretions C. will cause bronchoconstriction

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17
Q

Particulates that can cause COPD have a diameter of

A
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18
Q

Most of the particulates that get deposited in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract are removed by which of the following?

A

muco-ciliary system

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19
Q

Which of the following is the index of outdoor air quality?

A

ozone

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20
Q

acid rain

A

sulfuroxides

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21
Q

Which of the following is true for the Photochemical Reaction?

A

A) Ozone and Nitrogen oxides are the main products
B) Infra-red radiation is essential for the reaction to occur
C) Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are the main chemical reactants

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22
Q

Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which of the following forms of hemoglobin?

A

fetal hub

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23
Q

Well water in the midwest may cause hypoxia ,especially in an infant, because of the presence of high concentrations of

A

nitrates/nitrites

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24
Q

The risk for angina is increased upon exposure to which of the following chemicals?

A

CO

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25
Q

“Chocolate cyanosis” will be caused upon adequate dose exposure to which of the following?

A

A. amyl nitrite (anti-anginal med.)
B. silver nitrate (used in photography)
C. nitrous oxide (dental anesthetic)

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26
Q

Particulates deposited in the alveolar space are cleared by which of the following? A. Nasal Hair filtration

A

Macrophage phagocytosis

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27
Q

Excessive intake of nitrates (present in well water) can result in a

A

decrease in reduced hemoglobin available for oxygen transport

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28
Q

The first indicator of methemoglobinemia is

A

cyanosis

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29
Q

The dental anesthetic, Nitrous Oxide; “Laughing Gas”, must be combined with adequate oxygen when used to perform dental procedures in order to prevent which of the following?

A

methemoglobinemia

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30
Q

Carbon monoxide does NOT cause which of the following effects?

A

coughing

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31
Q

Highly soluble irritant gases pose the highest risk for adverse effects in patients with which of the following conditions?

A

asthma

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32
Q

The best confirmation of carbon monoxide poisoning is which of the following? A. cyanotic arterial blood

A

carboxyhemoglobin blood levels

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33
Q

“Chocolate cyanosis” is indicative of which of the following? A. Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Methemoglobinemia

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34
Q

Which of the following categories of chemicals will cause coagulative necrosis upon contact with living tissues?

A

strong acids

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35
Q

Methemoglobinemia is NOT characterized by which of the following?

A

The patient appears cherry red

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36
Q

Which of the following represents the ratio for Margin of Safety for therapeutic agents?

A

LD01/ED99

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37
Q

Allergic reactions to aspirin is caused by increase production of which of the following?

A

B. Leukitrienes ??

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38
Q

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications provide palliative relief by inhibiting which on the following enzymes?

A

Cycle-oxygenase

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39
Q

A toxic chemical has a biological half-life of 24 hours. How long will it take for at least 90% of the chemical
to be excreted from the body?

A

48 hours

40
Q

Acute Overdose with aspirin can cause hyperthermia. This occurs because of which reasons?

A

A. Aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation

41
Q

Which of the following is NOT an anti-inflammatory steroid?

A

testosterone

42
Q

not a cause of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Aspirin ****

43
Q

Which of the following anti-inflammatory agents will aggravate gouty arthritis?

A

A. Aspirin

44
Q

Narcotic analgesic agents will NOT cause which one of the following effects?

A

suppress coughing

45
Q

Forms carbamino-hemoglobin

A

Carbon dioxide

46
Q

Pulmonary infarct

A

Ground-level Ozone – b

47
Q

Inbihits cytochrome oxidase

A

Cyanida – c

48
Q

Asphyxiant

A

Hydrogen sulfide - e

49
Q

Asphyxiant

A

Hydrogen sulfide - e

50
Q

The intensity of a systemic toxic effect is directly proportional which one of the following?

A

Absorbed dose

51
Q

The protective function of the skin against chemical absorption is due to the presence of which of the following?

A

Oily secretion from the sebaceous glands

52
Q

Delayed-onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of which of the following chemical exposures?

A

Inhalation of an irritant gas with low water solubility

53
Q

Which of the following Therapeutic Indices represents a chemical that is most likely to cause serious toxicity upon even slight overdose?

A

2

54
Q

Which of the following categories of chemicals will NOT cause toxic effects at any dose?

A

all the above

55
Q

Methemoglobinemia is characterized by which of the following?

A

A blood drop on filter paper stains chocolate-brown

56
Q

The gas that has poor warning properties is which of the following

A

CO

57
Q

Which of the following chemicals does NOT cause methemoglobinemia?

A

lead acetate

58
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct for carbon monoxide?

A

It has greatest binding affinity for adult Hb

59
Q

Which of the following are sources of carbon monoxide?

A

Cigarette smoke
Automobile exhaust
gasoline generators

60
Q

Infants are at high risk for methemoglobinemia due to developmental deficiency of which of the following?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

61
Q

In general, the ability of any chemical to produce systemic (not local) toxic effects is primarily dependent upon which of the following factors?

A

Concentration of free chemical in plasma

62
Q

Carbon monoxide inhalation

A

A. will reduce the amount of Hb available to transport oxygen B. can be mis-diagnosed as “Flu”
C. can cause fetal damage

63
Q

Irritant gases that are likely to cause “upper” respiratory tract damage

A

will have high water solubility

B. will increase respiratory tract secretions C. will cause bronchoconstriction

64
Q

Particulates that can cause COPD have a diameter of

A
65
Q

Most of the particulates that get deposited in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract are removed by which of the following?

A

muco-ciliary system

66
Q

Which of the following is the index of outdoor air quality?

A

ozone

67
Q

acid rain

A

sulfuroxides

68
Q

Which of the following is true for the Photochemical Reaction?

A

A) Ozone and Nitrogen oxides are the main products
B) Infra-red radiation is essential for the reaction to occur
C) Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are the main chemical reactants

69
Q

Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which of the following forms of hemoglobin?

A

fetal hub

70
Q

Well water in the midwest may cause hypoxia ,especially in an infant, because of the presence of high concentrations of

A

nitrates/nitrites

71
Q

The risk for angina is increased upon exposure to which of the following chemicals?

A

CO

72
Q

“Chocolate cyanosis” will be caused upon adequate dose exposure to which of the following?

A

A. amyl nitrite (anti-anginal med.)
B. silver nitrate (used in photography)
C. nitrous oxide (dental anesthetic)

73
Q

Particulates deposited in the alveolar space are cleared by which of the following? A. Nasal Hair filtration

A

Macrophage phagocytosis

74
Q

Excessive intake of nitrates (present in well water) can result in a

A

decrease in reduced hemoglobin available for oxygen transport

75
Q

The first indicator of methemoglobinemia is

A

cyanosis

76
Q

The dental anesthetic, Nitrous Oxide; “Laughing Gas”, must be combined with adequate oxygen when used to perform dental procedures in order to prevent which of the following?

A

methemoglobinemia

77
Q

Carbon monoxide does NOT cause which of the following effects?

A

coughing

78
Q

Highly soluble irritant gases pose the highest risk for adverse effects in patients with which of the following conditions?

A

asthma

79
Q

The best confirmation of carbon monoxide poisoning is which of the following? A. cyanotic arterial blood

A

carboxyhemoglobin blood levels

80
Q

“Chocolate cyanosis” is indicative of which of the following? A. Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Methemoglobinemia

81
Q

Which of the following categories of chemicals will cause coagulative necrosis upon contact with living tissues?

A

strong acids

82
Q

Methemoglobinemia is NOT characterized by which of the following?

A

The patient appears cherry red

83
Q

Which of the following represents the ratio for Margin of Safety for therapeutic agents?

A

LD01/ED99

84
Q

Allergic reactions to aspirin is caused by increase production of which of the following?

A

B. Leukitrienes ??

85
Q

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications provide palliative relief by inhibiting which on the following enzymes?

A

Cycle-oxygenase

86
Q

A toxic chemical has a biological half-life of 24 hours. How long will it take for at least 90% of the chemical
to be excreted from the body?

A

48 hours

87
Q

Acute Overdose with aspirin can cause hyperthermia. This occurs because of which reasons?

A

A. Aspirin uncouples oxidative-phosphorylation

88
Q

Which of the following is NOT an anti-inflammatory steroid?

A

testosterone

89
Q

not a cause of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Aspirin ****

90
Q

Which of the following anti-inflammatory agents will aggravate gouty arthritis?

A

A. Aspirin

91
Q

Narcotic analgesic agents will NOT cause which one of the following effects?

A

suppress coughing

92
Q

Forms carbamino-hemoglobin

A

Carbon dioxide

93
Q

Pulmonary infarct

A

Ground-level Ozone – b

94
Q

Inbihits cytochrome oxidase

A

Cyanida – c

95
Q

Forms carboxy hemoglobin

A

Carbon monoxide – d

96
Q

Asphyxiant

A

Hydrogen sulfide - e

97
Q

Reye’s syndrome is associated with the management of viral fevers in children following anti-pyretic agents?

A

Aspirin

Toxicology (1 decks)

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