Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry🌿 > Final 3rd Sem > Flashcards

Final 3rd Sem Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sulfur is a dull material

A

Physical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gold can be shaped into ingots

A

Physical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rusting of an iron nail

A

Chemical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Boiling point of Copper is 2567 celsius

A

Physical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sodium ignites in contact with water

A

Chemical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Only one type of atom. Can’t be separated into simpler substances

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Al, Na, Cu, Pb, O are examples of

A

Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical combination of 2 or more elements. Separated by chem meth

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NaCl, KBr, H2O are examples of

A

Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 or more substances physically mixed. Separated by physical meth

A

Mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pasta, water, ocean water, are examples of

A

Mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It has a uniform composition, the different parts are not visible

A

Homogenous mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of mixtures

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It has not uniform composition, the different parts are visible

A

Heterogeneous mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Air and salty water are examples of

A

Homogeneous mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Oil + water and salads are examples of

A

Heterogeneous mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Exists at a very high temperature

Particles move very fast, present ionic dissociation

It makes 99% of universe.

Ex. Stars, TVs, fluorescent lamps

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Exists at very low temperature (near to absolute Zero)

Movement is almost null, particles overlap each other, and they behave as waves.

Never observed in nature, only achieved in the lab

A

Bose-Einstein condensate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shiny, solid at room temperature, ductile and malleable, good conductors of heat/electricity, are at the center and left of P table

A

Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dull, brittle, powdery, solids or gases, poor conductors of heat/ electricity, located at the top-rigth of the P Table

A

Non metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Both properties mixed, both conductors and isolators, located at a diagonal line between metals and non metals

A

Metalloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Atom with an electrical charge because it lost or gained electrons

A

Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Atomic number

A

Equal to protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mass number

A

Equal to protons + neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Protons

A

Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass number - protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Electrons in neutral atoms

A

Equal to protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Negative charge ion

A

Add charge to electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Positive charge ion

A

Substract charge from electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Transference of valence electrons from metal to a nonmetal atom to form ions. Octets are completely separately

A

Ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sharing of valence electrons between 2 nonmetal atoms or metalloids. Octets of the atoms overlap

A

Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ionic are

A

Metal and nonmetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Covalents are

A

Nm and nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Intermolecular forces are

A

Hydrogen bonding- polar and H with N, O or F

Dipole-Dipole- polar

Non-polar- london forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

H and Nm

A

Hydracids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

H and Polyatomic Ion or H NmO

A

Oxyacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

M and OH

A

Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

M and Nm

A

Binary salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

M and Polyatomic Ion

A

Tertiary salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

M and O

A

Metallic oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Nm and O

A

Nonmetallic oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Nm 2

A

Diatomic molecular compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Nm and Nm

A

Polyatomic molecular compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

ite and ate

hypo and per

ous and ic

A

ite- lower oxidation state

ate- higher oxidation state

hypo- very lowest

Per- very highest

ous- lower charge

ic- higher charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Gas Laws. Directly related

A

P and n

P and T

V and n

V and T

46
Q

Gas Laws. Inversely related

A

P and V

n and T

47
Q

What happens to the pressure when temperature triples?

A

P tripples too

48
Q

How does volume change when the pressure decreases to a third?

A

Volume increases to triple

49
Q

What changes occur to the temperature when the number of particles doubles?

A

T decreases to a half

50
Q

Order of 5 layers of Earth in increasing order of altitude

A

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

51
Q

Weather occurs here, habitat of living things

A

Troposphere

52
Q

Absorbs ultraviolet radiation (at the ozone layer)

A

Stratosphere

53
Q

Burns up most of the meteors

A

Mesosphere

54
Q

Propagates radio waves (improving telecommunications)

A

Thermosphere

55
Q

Protects from outer space, contains orbits of artificial satellites

A

Exosphere

56
Q

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), suspended particles (pm), volatile organic compounds (voc)

A

Main atmospheric pollutants

57
Q

In photosynthesis oxygen —— and CO2 ——-

A

Is produced

Is consumed

58
Q

In respiration oxygen is —— and CO2 is ——

A

Is consumed

Is produced

59
Q

In combustion oxygen is —— and CO2 ——-

A

Is consumed

Is produced

60
Q

Since the water molecules are very strongly attracted to each other by cohesion forces, they form a surface “layer” or “film”, allowing light objects or insects to float or walk on it

A

Surface tension

61
Q

Intermolecular forces that form between a water molecule and the next one, due to the attraction of opposite charges, making water a very strong compound

A

Hydrogen bonds

62
Q

Water molecules can react as both an acid and a base, depending on the conditions, also it facilitates precipitation and red-ox reactions, all indispensable for organism’s survival

A

Water reactions

63
Q

Water expands as it freezes, making the solid weigh less than the same volume of liquid, that’s why ice floats in water, otherwise the lakes and oceans would freeze completely

A

Density change liq vs solid

64
Q

As the hydrogen atoms in the water molecule are oriented to one side, this one has a positive and a negative side, each one attracting opposite charges

A

Polarity

65
Q

Water can flow up a narrow tube or porous material, rising against the gravity force due to cohesion and adhesion forces, allowing plants to move water upward from roots to leaves

A

Capillarity action

66
Q

Water can dissolve many other types of molecules (all which are polar too), facilitating the absorption of nutrients by living organisms and making the oceans salty

A

Universal solvent

67
Q

Water can absorb big amounts of heat without changing its state of matter or turning to vapor, that’s why its boiling point (100 celsius) and melting point (0 celsius) are so far apart, allowing living beings to have a steady temperature throughout their bodies, also stabilizing weather

A

Specific- heat capacity

68
Q

4 ways in which the water rises from the Earth surface to the sky

A

Evaporation from water bodies

Evaporation from wet soil

Transpiration from vegetation

Sublimation (snow)

69
Q

4 ways in which the water precipitates to Earth

A

Rain drops, hail, sleet, fog, dew

70
Q

4 ways in which the water flows on the Earth

A

Streamflow ( streams and rivers), surface runoff, lake storage, infiltration, percolation or ground water flow

71
Q

Moves water around the globe, transporting heat, salt, and nutrients through all the oceans

A

Ocean conveyor belt

72
Q

Powerful, warm, and swift ocean current that influences the climate of the east coast of North America and the west coast of Europe, warming up to the British Islands

A

Gulf stream

73
Q

Is defined by prolonged warming of ocean water and it causes warm and very wet weather (flooding) along the coasts of South america

A

El Niño

74
Q

Is defined by prolonged cooling of ocean water and it causes droughts in South America and heavy rains over south east asia

A

La niña

75
Q

Types of water pollutants

A

Chemical pollutants

Physical pollutants

Biological pollutants

76
Q

Organic and inorganic compounds dissolved or dispersed in the water

A

Chemical pollutants

77
Q

Non living things (objects) or energy that can’t read with or dissolve in the water

A

Physical pollutants

78
Q

Living organisms or microorganisms in water that become harmful if they are present in excess

A

Biological contaminants

79
Q

Substances present in smaller amount, are dissolved by the solvent

A

Solute

80
Q

Substance present in larger amount (only one), dissolves the solute

A

Solvent

81
Q

Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances

A

Solution

82
Q

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a certain temperature

A

Solubility

83
Q

Type of concentration that represents how many parts of solute are there, per a million parts of solution, the units to compare must be at a distance of 1 million values

A

Ppm (parts per million)

84
Q

The concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution used to determine its acidity or akalinity

A

pH measure

85
Q

Acidic

A

pH 0-7

86
Q

Example acidic

A

Vinegar

87
Q

Neutral

A

pH is 7

88
Q

Basic (alkaline)

A

pH 7 to 14

89
Q

3 ways to measure the pH of a substance

A

pH meter (potentiometer), pH paper, acid base indicators

90
Q

4 effects of the excess of acidity in the environment or human health

A

Acid rain (dying forests), teeth decay, blood diseases, infertility of soil

91
Q

A property of a solution that depends only on the concentration of solute present, but not on the identity or type of solute

A

Colligative property

92
Q

What happens with the freezing point

A

Decreases (depression)

93
Q

What happens with the boiling point?

A

Increases (elevation)

94
Q

What happens with the osmotic pressure?

A

Decreases (at the side of the solution with the highest concentration)

95
Q

Is the top layer of the Earth’s crust in which organic matter grows.

A

Soil

96
Q

Components of soil

A

45% rock particles, 25% water, 25% air, 5% leaves

97
Q

Are elements used in large quantities

A

Macronutrients

98
Q

Are elements used in very small quantities

A

Micronutrients

99
Q

Science and study of the processes that lead to the formation of soil

A

Edafogenesis (Pedogenesis)

100
Q

Steps in order for Edafogenesis

A
  1. Bedrock
  2. Meteorization of bedrock
  3. Chemical action
  4. Biological action
  5. Join action
101
Q

Abundant in calcareous salts, usually white, arid and dry, not good for agriculture

A

Chalky soil

102
Q

Consist of all kinds of rocks and stones, as they don’t hold water are terrible to grow

A

Stony soil

103
Q

Mixture of sandy soil and clay soil

A

Mixed soil

104
Q

Contain lots of decaying organic matter, great to retain water, excellent for farming

A

Humus bear

105
Q

Made of silica crystals, cannot hold water, possess little organic matter (nutrients), not suitable for agriculture

A

Sandy soil

106
Q

Consist of small, fine, and yellow grains, retain water in pools. Mixed with humus can be very effective for agriculture

A

Clayish soil

107
Q

A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence

A

Mineral

108
Q

5 classes of minerals

A

Metallic ferrous

Metallic non ferrous

Metallic precious

Non metallic

Energy minerals

109
Q

Is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms

A

Soil erosion

110
Q

2 conservation methods used against soil erosion

A

Terracing, crop rotation

Chemistry🌿 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions