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7th Grade Social Studies > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Geography

A

the study of landforms and climate

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2
Q

Archaeology

A

the study of artifacts (man-made) of a specific people

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3
Q

Primary Source

A

First-hand account of history

Ex. Diary, journal, photography, autobiography

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4
Q

Secondary Source

A

Ex. Textbook, documentary, biography

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5
Q

Culture

A

a people’s way of life

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6
Q

Land-bridge

A

crossed by nomadic people from Asia to North America during the ice age

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7
Q

The Iroquois Confederacy

A

created to maintain peace among the local tribes and strengthen the Iroquois Nation

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8
Q

Three Sisters

A

corn, beens, squash

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9
Q

Causes of Exploration

A

Gold, God, Glory

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10
Q

Effects of Explorations

A

European colonization, millions of Native Americans died from disease, African slave trade began in the Americas

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11
Q

Columbus

A

discovered the Americas

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12
Q

Cortez

A

Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztects

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13
Q

Magellan

A

First to circumnavigate the world

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14
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

the exchange of new goods and disease between the western and eastern hemisphere

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15
Q

Mercantilism

A

an economic policy of creating a favorable balance of trade with colonists to benefit the mother country

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16
Q

Jamestown

A

first permanent English settlement in Virgina

Prospered from growing tobacco

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17
Q

Cash Crop

A

grown for sale

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18
Q

House of Burgesses

A

established a colonial representative government

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19
Q

Democracy

A

citizens participate in government through voting

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20
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a pledge by the pilgrims to create and follow a government that would benefit the colony of Massachusetts

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21
Q

New Netherlands

A

take from the Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant by the British for the harbors and to unite the British Colonies
Renamed New York

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22
Q

William Penn

A

Created a Quaker society in Pennsylvania

Promoted tolerance, equality and pacifism

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23
Q

Triangular Trade

A

trade routes across the Atlantic, North America, and Africa

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24
Q

Middle Passage

A

the horrific slave trade route from Africa to the West Indies

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25
Q

Navigation Act

A

colonial trade was restricted to ensure that the colonies only benefit England

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26
Q

French and Indian War

A

fought between the French and the British colonists with Native allies over the Ohio River Valley
British victory led to the decision to make the colonists pay the war debts

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27
Q

Albany Plan

A

Benjamin Franklin’s plan to develop a joint colonial council for defense
Created the “join or die” political cartoon

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28
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Britain banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Native Americans

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29
Q

Writs of Assistance

A

papers that allowed British officials to search private property for smuggled goods

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30
Q

Stamp Act

A

taxed printed materials

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31
Q

Boycott

A

refusal to buy goods in protest

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32
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

organized protest and fought the British

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33
Q

Boston Massacre

A

an incident where British troops killed 5 colonists

Paul Reveer’s etching of event was used as propaganda

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34
Q

Propaganda

A

information used to influence the public’s opinion

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35
Q

Boston tea Party

A

an incident where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act

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36
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Passed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party

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37
Q

“Common Sense”

A

a pamphlet by Thomas Pain

written to convince colonists to support American Independence

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38
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Listed reasons the colonists should be free from Britain

Written by Thomas Jefferson

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39
Q

Loyalists

A

sided with the king

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40
Q

patriots

A

Fought for independence

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41
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

Locations of the first battle of the Revolution

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42
Q

George Washington

A

Commander of the continental Army

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43
Q

Role of Women during the Revolutionary War

A

Managed farms and businesses

served as spies

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44
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Patriots stopped the British from capturing New York
Stopped British form dividing the colonies
considered the turning point of the war because the patriots won French Support

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45
Q

Valley Forge

A

winter camp for the Continental Army

harsh conditions made it challenging for Washington to keep his army together

46
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

American victory with the help of the French navy

Led to the end of the war

47
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

First U.S. Constitution

48
Q

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation

A

could declare war and make laws

49
Q

weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

A

couldn’t collect taxes or regulate interstate trade

50
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

system for the admission of new states

51
Q

Constitution

A

Plan of government

52
Q

Great Compromise

A

Settled the dispute over representation in Congress between large and small states
created a bicameral legislature
House of Representatives based on population
Senate based on equality

53
Q

Federalism

A

sharing of power between the federal and state government

54
Q

Separation of Powers

A

division of the government into three branches

Legislative (congress), Executive (president), Judicial (supreme court)

55
Q

Checks and Balances

A

powers are given to each branch to prevent one from becoming too powerful

56
Q

Preamble

A

formal introduction of the U.S. Constitution

states the power to govern originates with the people

57
Q

Elastic Clause

A

Allows congress to make all laws that are “necessary and proper”

58
Q

override

A

power of congress to cancel a presidential veto

59
Q

Electoral College

A

the process that elects the president with electoral votes form the states

60
Q

Veto

A

the power of the president to reject/stop a bill from becoming law

61
Q

Judicial review

A

power of the supreme court to declare a law of action unconstitutional

62
Q

Federalists

A

Agreed to add a bill of rights to get the Anti-Federalists to ratify the U.S. Constitution

63
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Refused to ratify the constitution without a bill of rights

64
Q

Bill of rights

A

first ten amendments

protects citizens rights

65
Q

Amendment process

A

enables the constitution to change

66
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

the Treaty of Greenville ended Native American resistance in the Ohio Territory

67
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Washington put down an uprising over a tax on whiskey

68
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Established the principle of judicial review

69
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Area between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains
bought by Thomas Jefferson from France
Doubled the size of the U.S.

70
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

explored the Louisiana territory

71
Q

Embargo Act

A

banned all imports and exports from Britain to punish Britain for the blockades

72
Q

War of 1812

A

Americans fought the British and their Native American allies in response to the British Disruption to American trade

73
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

issued to warn against future colonization from European powers int he Americas

74
Q

Erie Canal

A

connected NYC to the Great Lakes region

75
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Passed by Andrew Jackson to move all Native Americans east of the Mississippi river

76
Q

Trail of Tears

A

the forced removal of the Cherokee west of the Mississippi river

77
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

idea that justified American expansion to the Pacific ocean

78
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state

banned slavery above the 36’30 N Parallel

79
Q

Texas Revolution

A

Texans fought and won independence after dictator Santa Anna threatened settler’s rights

80
Q

Mexican-American War

A

the annexation of Texas and a border dispute led to war

the U.S. gained California and New Mexico

81
Q

California Gold Rush

A

attracted thousands of people around the world to the West Coast

82
Q

Compromised of 1850

A

multi-part plan that admitted California as a free state and promised to pass tougher Fugitive Slave laws

83
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

promoted popular sovereignty to determine if the territories would be free or slave

84
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

change from hand to machine made goods

started by fast flowing rivers for water power

85
Q

Urbanization

A

cities grew as people sought work in factories

86
Q

Labor Union

A

group that fights for worker’s rights

87
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

start of the women’s rights movement

88
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

fought for women’s suffrage

89
Q

Abolitionist

A

person who fought to end slavery

90
Q

“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

A

written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe to expose the evils of slavery

91
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

abolitionist

edited the anti-slavery newspaper “The North Star”

92
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

abolitionist who was a conductor of the Underground Railroad

93
Q

Underground Railroad

A

secret escape routes to the North for enslaved people from the south

94
Q

sectionalism

A

loyalty to a region

95
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

the supreme court ruled that congress couldn’t stop the spread of slavery
led to increased tensions between the north and south

96
Q

election of 1860

A

Lincoln was elected president and as a result South Carolina seceded

97
Q

Secession

A

To withdraw or leave the union

98
Q

Fort Sumter

A

first shots fired to start the Civil War

99
Q

Union vs. Confederacy advantages

A 
The Union (north) had more industry and railway mileage
The Confederacy (south) had more military leaders
100
Q

Union vs. Confederacy strategies

A

The Union- anaconda plan

The Confederacy- planned to defend their land

101
Q

Anaconda plan

A

created a blockade, gain control of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy and capture Richmond Virginia

102
Q

Lincoln’s Goal before/during the war

A

preserve the union and then it broadened to end slavery

103
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

freed slaves in areas of rebellion

104
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

turning point of the war in favor of the Union

105
Q

Gettysburg Address

A

Lincoln stated that the Union had to win the war to honor those who died

106
Q

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

A

readmit all Southern states as equals of the Northern states as quickly as possible
Ten Percent Plan

107
Q

13th, 14th and 15th amendments

A

Passed to protect the rights of formerly enslaved African Americans
13- abolished slavery
14- granted citizenship to freed slaves
15- granted voting rights to freed slaves

108
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

provided assistance to formerly enslaved African Americans in the south

109
Q

Poll taxes, Literacy tests, Grandfather clause

A

prevented African Americans from voting

110
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

required segregation in most public places in the south

7th Grade Social Studies (1 decks)

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