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Science 8 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion ex: seatbelts

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2
Q

Newtons 2nd law

A

F=mxa the total force of an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration unit is Newton

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3
Q

Same force acting on a rock and car

A

Rock : small mass:large acceleration

Car-large mass:small acceleration

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4
Q

Newtons 3rd law and ex

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction ex: balloon action:air rushed down reaction:balloon goes up, a rocket hot gases push against the inside tube of the rocket and escape out the bottom of the tube

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5
Q

Density FORMULA

A

Mass divided by volume

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6
Q

density (floating in water placement)

A

Heavier-sinks
Lighter-floats
Same-middle

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7
Q

Gravity

A

Force of attraction between two objects increases with altitude

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8
Q

Friction

A

Force that works. In the opposite direction of motion cause an object to slow down and eventually stop

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9
Q

Air resistance

A

Opposes downward motion of falling objects large surface areas increase air resistance

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10
Q

Combining forces (vectors)

A

Pythagorean thereom

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11
Q

Maximum K.E

A

Right before ball hits the ground

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12
Q

Maximum P.E.

A

Top all p.e is before ball is thrown

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13
Q

Acceleration due to gravity

A

At the earths surface all freely falling objects experience the same “adg” =9.8m/s^2

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14
Q

Ways to reduce friction in simple machines

A

Sliding,rolling.fluid

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15
Q

Examples of six simple machines

A
  1. inclined plane: ramp
  2. wedge: knife,ax,plow,zipper
  3. screw: wood screw,cork screw,nut bolt lightbulb
  4. lever
  5. pulley:clothesline,window,shade,flag pole
  6. wheel and axle: bikes,Ferris wheel, steering wheel,door knobs
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16
Q

1st class lever and examples

A

Fulcrum is in the middle

Ex.seasaw,scissors,crowbars

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17
Q

2nd class lever and examples

A

Fulcrum on the end resistance in the middle effort on the opposite end
Ex:wheelbarrow,doors,nutcracker

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18
Q

3rd class lever

A

Fulcrum on opposite end of resistance effort is in the middle resistance on opposite end

Ex:bat,shovel,fishing pole

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19
Q

Machines that require the (least/most ) amount of effort force have a high mechanical advantage

A

Least

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20
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Tells you the number of times a machine multiplies your effort force

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21
Q

Efficiency

A

Work output over work input multiplied by 100 compared work output to work input to determine how much work is used to overcome the machines friction

Increase efficiency, decrease friction

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22
Q

Sound energy

A

(Mechanical energy) matter in motion.if the object is moving it is mechanical

Ex: moving car, wind , waterfall

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23
Q

Light energy

A

(Electromagnetic) moving electric charger

Ex:light,electricity,magnets,x-Rays,radio waves,uv Rays

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24
Q

Vibrations

A

Any movement that follows the same path repeatedly

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25
Q

Wave

A

The movement of energy from a vibrating source

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26
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete waves per unit of time :hertz

Increase frequency , decrease wavelength

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27
Q

Pitch

A

How high or low a sound is depends of frequency
•more waves/sec=higher pitch like an opera singer

•less waves/sec=low pitch,like thunder

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28
Q

Amplitude

A

Heigh of the wave
Increase wave energy,increase amplitude

Increase amplitude, increase height of crests and troughs

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29
Q

Loudness and unit

A

Amount of energy carried by a wave .higher the amplitude means louder the sound
Unit-decibels

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30
Q

Law of reflection

A

Light gets reflected from a surface at angle it hits it

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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31
Q

Refraction through convex lense

A

Causes light rays to converge (come together because one or both sides curve outward, thick in middle). Makes things look larger light rays meet at a focal point

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32
Q

Refraction through concave lense

A

Causes light rays to diverge (spread apart bc one or both sides curve inward , thug in the middle) makes things look smaller (minifies) lights rays spread out

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33
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Chart showing visible colors and their wavelengths
Red-longest
Violet -shortest

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34
Q

Microwaves

A

Used for cooking and communication

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35
Q

Infrared

A

Felt as heat

36
Q

Visible

A

Light we can see

37
Q

Ultraviolet

A

EM waves with frequencies slightly higher than visible light

Uses:food processing,hospitals to kill germs

Helps your body make vitamin d

38
Q

X-Ray

A

High energy EM waves that can damage living cells
Uses:medicine-bones absorbs x-rays ;soft tissue does not

Lead. Absorbs x-rays

39
Q

Gamma

A

Highest frequency highest energy EM waves shortest wavelength come from outer space
Uses:cancer treatment

40
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Ex:all measurements,color,phase,odor,size

41
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristics of matter that describe the ability of the matter to change into a completely new substance with new physical and chemical properties

Ex:flammability,ability to :rust,tarnish,photosynthesize,react with acid,weather &erodr

42
Q

Physical change

A

Changing the physical properties of the matter not the identity of the new substance

Examples: changing the size or shape (crushing,cutting,breaking) or changing phase (melting,freezing,boiling,and condensing)

43
Q

Chemical change

A

The process of the substance changing into a new substance with the new physical and chemical properties

Ex:the actual process of burning,rusting ,exploding ,baking

44
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

If you went to Mars your mass oils stay the same

45
Q

Weight

A

Depends on the pull of gravity if you went to Mars your weight would change

46
Q

Newtons 1st law and examples

A

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force ex:inertia

47
Q

What is a force

A

Push or pull on an object unit is Newton can be measured with a spring scale

48
Q

Unbalanced forces

A

Causes a change in motion ,starts motion or stops motion

49
Q

Forces in the same direction you

A

Add

50
Q

Forces in opposite direction you

A

Subtract

51
Q

Balanced force

A

The forces cancel each tiger out no change in motion occurs forces will be in opposite directions and equal magnitude

52
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Moving electric charges

Ex:light,electricity,magnets,x-rays,radio waves,uv light,power lines,rainbows

53
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Matter in motion if the object is moving its mechanical

ex:wind,water,sound

54
Q

Heat energy

A

Internal motion of particles produces heat energy

Ex:melting ice,fire,stove,candles

55
Q

Chemical energy

A

When bonds are broken chemical energy is released

Ex:digesting foods,fuel burning in a car, using a battery

56
Q

Nucleur

A

When the nucleus splits (fission) it collided with another nucleus (fusion) strongest energy
Ex:sun,power plant

57
Q

Work formula

A

W=fxd

58
Q

Power formula

A

P=w/t

59
Q

Certain metals magnetism occurs in

A

Iron,nickel ,cobalt

60
Q

Magnetism

A

Occurs when all the atoms in the material are all lined up

61
Q

M

Mass

A

Triple beam balance

Grams

62
Q

M

volume

A

Graduated cylinder

mL

63
Q

M

length

A

Metric ruler

Cm

64
Q

M

force

A

Spring scale newtons

65
Q

Solids

A

Have definite shape and volume

66
Q

Liquids

A

Have a definite volume but no definite shape

67
Q

Gases

A

Have no definite shape or volume

68
Q

S->L

A

Melting

69
Q

L->G

A

Boiling /evaporation

70
Q

G->L

A

Condensation

71
Q

L->S

A

Freezing

72
Q

Mixture

A

Two substances mixed together but not chemically combined

73
Q

Solution

A

When one substance dissolves into another

74
Q

3 ways to separate mixtures

A

Evaporate ,magnet, filter, sort , spinning

75
Q

Metals are located to the (blank) of the staircase

A

Left

76
Q

of neutrons

A

Atomic mass rounded - atomic number

77
Q

Ion

A

An atom that becomes charged due to a loss or gain of electrons
Metals-lose electrons
Non metals-gain

78
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

79
Q

Outer rocky she’ll around the earth

A

Crust

80
Q

Earths interior 4 majors parts in order of decending into the earth

A

Crust,mantle,outer core ,inner core

81
Q

High front

A

Clear and sunny

82
Q

Low front

A

Cloudy &a rainy

83
Q

Why can w e see the moon

A

Reflects sunlight

84
Q

Solar eclipse

A

SME

85
Q

Lunar eclipse

A

SEM

86
Q

Water cycle

A

Recycling of water between the ocean and air and land

Science 8 (1 decks)

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