Final Flashcards
Compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons:
Conduct impulses faster
Which nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar
What is the “blind spot” of the eye?
Starting point of optic nerve
Which nerve runs with the hypoglossal nerve?
Geniohyoid N.
All of the following are mechanoreceptors EXCEPT: Follicular receptor, Thermoreceptor, Pacinian Corpuscle, Meissners Corpuscle
Thermoreceptor
What is the fluid in the scala tympani?
Perilymph
What are the structures coming directly out from the spinal cord?
Rootlets
Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the CNS are?
Sensory
What dermatome is at the umbilicus?
T10
The end of the paravertebral ganglion is the?
Ganglion Impar
Which fiber type responds to stretch (as in the knee tap reflex)?
1a = One “A”
The elongated nerve root from L2-S2 are called?
Cauda Equina
What cranial nerve delivers presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to adbominal viscera?
Vagus
In what substance are the stereo cilia of spiral organ hair cells embedded?
Cupula
Which muscle is innervated by two branches of Ansa Cervicalis?
Omohyoid
The glossopharyngeal nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the:
Parotid gland
Loss of cutaneous sensation and paralysis of muscles on the medial plantar side of the foot indicates damage of which nerve?
Tibial
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also referred to as the:
Thoracolumbar division
The greater occipital nerve is derived from the:
Dorsal rami of C2
Which nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major, runs inferiorly, and innervates the genitalia and femoral triangle?
Genitofemoral
The tympanic nerve is a branch from which cranial nerve?
Trigeminal
What type of fibers are in the main facial root (facial nerve proper)?
Parasympathetic
What nerve provides the preganglionic GVE innervation to the submandibular ganglion?
Chorda tympani
Which range of spinal cord segments contribute to the cervical plexus?
C1 - C4
Crossed effects are associated with which reflex?
Withdrawal
Which fiber transmits signals the slowest?
“C”
What is the connective tissue layer that encloses a single nerve fiber?
Endoneurium
“Special” functional components get their name b/c:
They are derived from the pharyngeal arches
Which nerve roots form the lumbosacral trunk?
L4, L5
Satellite cells:
Surround neuronal cell bodies
Compensatory eye mvmt is stimulated by activating the:
Superior olive
Which of the following is false?
The fibers from the lateral half of the retina cross at the optic chiasm.
(fibers from the lateral half of the retina remain on it’s ipsilateral side - do not cross)
Which organelle produces glycoproteins and lysosomes?
Golgi body
Where are the olfactory (receptor) nerves?
Nasal epithelia
The jxn b/w two nerve cells is called:
Gap jxn
Which supraclavicular branch is AKA the anterior branch?
Medial
What cranial nerve opening does the trochlear nerve pass through?
Superior Orbital Fissure
A patient comes in having burned the tip of the tongue. What nerve was stimulated?
Trigeminal
Which nerve carries the motor component of the trigeminal nerve?
Mandibular
What is in the epidural space surrounding
Fat
The pudendal nerve originates from the anterior division of:
S2, S3, S4
What root(s) contribute to the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5
The ciliary body is in the same optic layer as?
The choroid
What cranial opening does the vagus nerve pass through to exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
The olfactory tract are the axons of which cells?
Mitral
Which nerve branches directly from a root?
Long thoracic
Which roots contribute to the radial nerve?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
Which cranial nerve exits caudal to the inferior colliculus?
Trochlear
Which is a vagus nerve ganglion?
Geniculate
What ganglion does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve synapse in?
Ciliary
Which type of glial cell is a satellite cell most like?
Astrocyte
What type of cells are located in the ventricular zone of the neural tube?
Pluripotent stem cells
What cranial nerve innervates the inferior oblique?
Oculomotor
The upper and middle trunks of the brachial plexus combine to form the ___ cord.
Lateral
Which splanchnic nerves receive their input from the sympathetic trunk levels T10 and T11?
Lesser
What is the minimal number or neurons required for a simple reflex circuit?
2
What functional component is associated w/ taste?
SVA
What type of reflex is stimulated by tapping the patellar tendon?
Myotatic
Which of the following is true of BOTH the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS?
They use acetylcholine as the NT in the ganglia.
Where are the receptors for the auditory system?
Spiral organ
Which layer of the neural tube produces stem cells?
Ventricular
The jxn b/w an axon and a muscle fiber is called?
Neuromuscular jxn
Which nerve carries GSA input from the mucosa of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?
Mandibular
Which cell (soma) is a part of the PNS?
Multipolar neuron
What nerve innervates the laryngeal mucosa?
Internal laryngeal
Which of the following converts pressure waves in the endolymph into nerve impulses?
Round window
The neuroglial cell involved in the blood brain barrier?
Astrocyte
What fluid bathes the optic nerve?
CSF
Which are thermoreceptors?
Free nerve endings
What type of fiber does the intermediate nerve carry?
Both motor and sensory
There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
Which cranial nerve exits caudal to the inferior colliculus?
Trochlear
What is the most common type of glioma?
Astrocytoma
Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the CNS are?
Afferent
Embryologically, the optic nerve is derived from the:
Diencephalon
The nerves of the brachial plexus innervate the:
Upper limb
Which plexus is covered by the psoas major?
Lumbar
Where are the Golgi Tendon Organs?
Muscle tendon jxn
The ciliary ganglion lies lateral to which nerve?
Optic
Lesions of the femoral nerve causes which condition?
paralysis of ____
Paralysis of Vastus Laterals
Which leads to the formation of the filum terminale?
Degeneration of the spinal cord
What type of photoreceptor is in the fovea centralism of the retina?
Cones
The sense that tells us which muscles are contracted, the amount of tension in a joint, the positions of the joints, and orientation of the head is called:
Proprioception
What are the main output neurons from the olfactory bulb?
Mitral cells
