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biology 100 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Micro evolution

A

Any allele may increase or decrease in frequency in a population

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2
Q

Non random mating

A

Individuals of one genotype reproduce more often with each other

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3
Q

Genetic drift

A

When a small group separates from the larger whole

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4
Q

Speciation

A

Process by which new species form.

Reproductive isolating mechanisms are always part of the process.

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5
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

The end of gene exchange between populations

Beginning of speciation.

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6
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Physical barrier arises and ends gene flow between populations.

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7
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

New species form within a home range if an existing species in the absence of a physical barrier.

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8
Q

Parapatric speciation

A

Populations in contact song a common border evolve into distinct species

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9
Q

Stasis

A

A lineage exists for millions of years with little or no change

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10
Q

Natural populations are never in?

A

Genetic equilibrium

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11
Q

Consist of stems leaves and flowers
Transports things
Photosynthesis

A

Shoots

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12
Q

Absorption of water
Transport if water
Storage if food
Interacts with soil and fungi

A

Root

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13
Q

Meristems

A

Where tissues originate

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14
Q

Apical meristem

A

Tips of roots and stems responsible for growth and elongation

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15
Q

Responsible for the increase in diameter of older roots and attend

A

Lateral meristem

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16
Q

Ground tissue

A

Makes up bulk of the plant body

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17
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Contains two kinds of conducting tissues that distribute water and solutes through the plant body

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18
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Covers and protects the plants surface

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19
Q

Phloem

A

Transports sugars and other solutes throughout the plant body

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20
Q

Sieve tube members

A

Located in the phloem

Connects cytoplasm of adjacent cells

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21
Q

Companion cells

A

Adjacent sieve tube members

Helps load and unload sugars

22
Q

Endodermis

A

Innermost layer of the cortex

Surrounds the vascular cylinder and helps control water mincemeat into it

23
Q

Gibberellins

A

Regulate height, play Key role in rapid stem growth

24
Q

Effector helper T cells

A

Clones

Secrete interleukins, which stimulate further cell divisions and differentiation

25
Q

Kill infected cells by punching holes in their cell membranes with proteins called perforins.

A

Cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

IgM

A

First immunoglobulin to be secreted during immune response

Trigger the complement cascade

27
Q

IgG

A

Activate complement proteins and neutralize many toxins

Can cross placenta to protect the fetus

28
Q

IgA

A

Present in saliva Tears and mucus

Help repel invaders at the start of the respiratory system

29
Q

IgE

A

Secretes histamine

30
Q

Active immunization

A

Deliberate production of memory cells by a vaccine that is made from killed or weakened bacteria or viruses

31
Q

Incomplete digestive system

A

Has one opening

32
Q

Complete digestive system

A

Has two openings

33
Q

What 5 regions of the vertebrate digestive tract make up the Alimentary canal

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small large intestine

34
Q

Vertebrate digestive tract performs 5 functions

A 
Ingestion 
Mechanical processing and motility 
Digestion- chemical breakdown 
Absorption 
Elimination
35
Q

Pepsin

A

Begins digestion of proteins

36
Q

Small intestine

A

Carb and fat digestion and completes protein digestion.

37
Q

Jejunum

A

Central section of small intestine

38
Q

Duodenum

A

Upper section of small intestine

39
Q

ileum

A

Rest of small intestine

40
Q

Liver

A

Destroys old blood cells
Adds glucose to bloodstream
Produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder

41
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelial lining that faces the lumen of the gut.

In the small intestine

42
Q

Sub mucosa in the small intestine

A

Contains blood and lymph vessels

43
Q

Large intestine

A

Stores and concentrates feces

Cecum is at junction of colon and connects to anus

44
Q

Water re absorption

A

Sodium is actively transported out of the colon and water follows

45
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Both species are harmed by the interaction

46
Q

Predation and parasitism

A

One species benefits while the other is harmed

47
Q

Mutualism

A

Bothe species benefit

48
Q

Exploitation competition

A

All individuals have equal access to a resource but differ in their ability to get it. (Speed)

49
Q

Interference competition

A

Some individuals limit others access to the resource

50
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

Complete competitors can’t coexist indefinitely

biology 100 (3 decks)

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