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Public health-FINAL > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health is called?

A

Health Promotion

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2
Q

The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health in order to encourage people to take action to improve their health is called?

A

Health Education

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3
Q

A biopsychosocial model to conceptualize the process of intentional behavioral change is what model?

A

Transtheorectical Model of Behavior Change

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4
Q

Which model of lifestyle change is essentially a self-help approach that views successful lifestyle change as possible, but only with considerable planning?

A

Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

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5
Q

What are the stages of behavior changes?

A

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination

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6
Q

What is the key strategy to the pre contemplation step in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior change?

A

consciousness-raising (person may be unaware of need for change or feels he or she can’t change-lifestyle questionnaires, making lists of current health-promoting and inhibiting behaviors)

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7
Q

What are the 3 serious mistakes people make when starting a lifestyle change?

A

Expect miracles and set unrealistic goals, oversimplify the complexities associated with lifestyle change and view it as a willpower issue, view change as temporary goal rather than a long term goal

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8
Q

What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

A

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely

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9
Q

Two main strategies for change in the action stage?

A

countering is one of the most powerful strategies-behavior substitution, contracting with oneself-written contracts more powerful than spoken

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10
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

a patient-centered, directive counseling style that aims to help people explore and resolve their ambivalence about behavior change.

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11
Q

What is ambivalence?

A

a state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about something-wanting to change but not wanting to change.

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12
Q

What does OARS stand for in methods to enhance motivation?

A

open-eneded questions, affirm, reflective listening, summarize

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13
Q

Motivational interviewing uses what skill to help patients know you care?

A

reflective listening

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14
Q

What a speaker means and what the listener thinks the speaker means is connected by?

A

reflective listening

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15
Q

The health of women of childbearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, the postpartum period and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence defines?

A

Maternal, infant, and child (MIC) health

infant =

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16
Q

The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one’s family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference defines?

A

Family planning

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17
Q

How many pregnancies in the US are unintentional?

A

1/2

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18
Q

In 1973 the Supreme Court decided to make it unconstitutional for state laws to prohibit abortions..what is the name of this court battle?

A

Roe v. Wade

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19
Q

a medical/ethical position that holds that performing an abortion is an act of murder is termed?

A

pro-life

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20
Q

a medical/ethical position that holds that women have a right to reproductive freedom is termed?

A

pro-choice

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21
Q

T/F a mother who receives NO prenatal care is 3x more likely to give birth to a low birth weight infant

A

True

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22
Q

What are the risk factors of SIDS to advise your patients about?

A

Supine positioning during sleeping is preferred, and parents who smoke, and bed co-sharing when parents smoke

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23
Q

Babies who die from SIDS make low amounts of?

A

serotonin

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24
Q

Approximately how many abused/neglected children attend chiropractic clinics in the US each year?

A

100,000

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25
Q

A clinic-based program designed to provide a variety of nutritional and health-related good and services to pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children user age 5 is what program?

A

WIC-Women, infants, and children program

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26
Q

Which two things for children should be under environmental surveillance?

A

trampolines (orthopedic injury-usually happen without supervision) and baby walkers (falls, delay walking, brain wiring issues)

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27
Q

study and management of environmental conditions that addict the health and well being of humans is called?

A

environmental health

28
Q

factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death is termed?

A

environmental hazards

29
Q

an event of nature that increases the probability of disease, injury, or death of humans;tsunamis, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, ect. is termed?

A

natural hazards-consequences=contaminated food and water, high temps, loss of shelter

30
Q

Prepares communities for all hazards and manages the federal response and recovery efforts after any national incident is which agency?

A

FEMA-federal emergency agency

31
Q

quasi-governmental agency that provides relief to victims of disasters is?

A

American Red Cross

32
Q

Unwanted by-products of human activities is called?

A

residues and wastes

33
Q

the primary law governing the disposal of solid and hazardous waste?

A

RCRA- resource conservation and recovery act

34
Q

80% of waste management money is spent on?

A

collection and disposal

35
Q

primary means of solid waste management?

A

disposal

36
Q

a solid waste or combination of solid waste that is dangerous to human health and the environment (EPA) is?

A

hazardous waste

37
Q

who established a strict system of controlling hazardous wastes from generation to disposal?

A

RCRA

38
Q

what is the best solution for hazardous waste management?

A

hazardous waste recycling

39
Q

uses microorganisms that destroy hazardous substances?

A

bioremediation

40
Q

contamination of the air that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms

A

air pollution

41
Q

who is especially susceptible to airborne pollutants?

A

children and elderly

42
Q

this act sets limits on pollution

A

Clean Air Act

43
Q

which criteria pollutants pose the greatest threat to human health?

A

particulate matter and ground-level ozone

44
Q

outdoor air pollution?

A

acid rain and global warming-destruction of the ozone layer and photo-chemical smog

45
Q

key component of environmental health?

A

water

46
Q

what % of the planet is covered in water?

A

70% -3% fresh 1% easily accessible

47
Q

underground soil formation saturated with water and available for human use by pumping is called?

A

aquifier

48
Q

any physical or chemical change in the water that can harm living organisms or make it unfair for other uses is called?

A

water pollution

49
Q

what is the name for a single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water?

A

point source pollution

50
Q

all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water is called?

A

nonpoint source pollution

51
Q

how many people have to have a reported illness from water before it is termed a Waterborne disease outbreak (WBDO)?

A

2

52
Q

two new pollutants found in water are?

A

endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)

53
Q

what is the aka for EDCs?

A

xenoestrogens

54
Q

what controls the point-source pollution of water?

A

clean water act

55
Q

this regulates drinking water supply?

A

safe drinking water act

56
Q

what are the AKAs for wastewater?

A

liquid waste or sewage

57
Q

what % of pollutants are removed in wastewater treatment?

A

85-95%

58
Q

what are the three types of natural radiation? (make up 55% of radiation)

A

extraterrestrial (sun and outer space), terrestrial (earth’s minerals), and internal (inside the body from ingestion)

59
Q

what are the human made radiation sources?

A

x-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products (TV), nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons

60
Q

RCRA and CERCLA help regulate what?

A

disposal of lead-based products

61
Q

any organism (plant, animal, or microbe) that has an adverse effect on human interests is termed?

A

pest

62
Q

natural or synthetic chemicals that have been developed and manufactured for the purpose of killing pests (25,000 in the us) is called?

A

pesticides

63
Q

most widely used pesticides?

A

herbicides (kill plants) and insecticides (kill insects)

64
Q

how many injury deaths occur each year?

A

> 5 million

65
Q

the CDC established a primary federal organization for violence prevention in the US called?

A

NCIPC National center for injury prevention and control

66
Q

unintential injuries are most common in people of age?

A

44 or younger

Public health-FINAL (1 decks)

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