Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skel Rad B > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

Osteoma will develop on intramembranous bones

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F

Osteoma will develop on intramembranous bones

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an Osteoma?

A

A mass of cortical bone projecting out from the cortex. Diff Dx = bone island inside medullary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common locations for Osteoma?

A

Calvarium
Paranasal Sinuses - ethmoid and frontal (not so much maxillary)
Sometimes in Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Gardner Syndrome?

A

aka Familial Colorectal Polyposis is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The extracolonic tumors associated with Gardner Syndrome are found typically where?

A

Osteoma of the skull
Thyroid Cancer
Epidermoid Cysts
Fibromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What size are Osteomas typically?

A

2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteoid Osteoma common sites

A

50% Tibia and Femur
10% Spine
Long bones, metaphysical or diaphysial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteoid Osteoma represents approx what percent of all benign bone tumors?

A

11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F

Females : male and Osteoid Osteoma = 2:1

A

False

Opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the classic clinical manifestation of Osteoid Osteoma?

A

Pain worse at night, relieved by aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteoid Osteomas will reoccur if what is not removed from the lesion?

A

The Nidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

O.O is one of 3 primary bone tumors that predicts what part of the body?

A

Posterior elements of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F

Osteoblastoma is not blastic but rather radiolucent

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do 30-50% of Osteoblastomas occur in the body?

A

Posterior arch of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Knock Knock
Who’s there?
Itsa
Itss who?

A

Itsa bitch studying this bullshit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List some of the radiographic findings of Osteoblastomas

A
  • Expansile, geographic
  • 2-12 cm dis with Matrix lucent but may have stifled calcification
  • Often sclerotic border and sharp zone of transition
  • Usually lacks reactive dense reactive sclerosis of osteoid osteoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an Osteoma?

A

A mass of cortical bone projecting out from the cortex. Diff Dx = bone island inside medullary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Common locations for Osteoma?

A

Calvarium
Paranasal Sinuses - ethmoid and frontal (not so much maxillary)
Sometimes in Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Gardner Syndrome?

A

aka Familial Colorectal Polyposis is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The extracolonic tumors associated with Gardner Syndrome are found typically where?

A

Esteem of the skull
Thyroid Cancer
Epidermoid Cysts
Fibromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fuck off

A

bitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Osteoid Osteoma common sites

A

50% Tibia and Femur
10% Spine
Long bones, metaphysical or diaphysial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteoid Osteoma represents approx what percent of all benign bone tumors?

A

11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T or F

Females : male and Osteoid Osteoma = 2:1

A

False

Opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the classic clinical manifestation of Osteoid Osteoma?

A

Pain worse at night, relieved by aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Osteoid Osteomas will reoccur if what is not removed from the lesion?

A

The Nidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

O.O is one of 3 primary bone tumors that predicts what part of the body?

A

Posterior elements of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T or F

Osteoblastoma is not blastic but rather radiolucent

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do 30-50% of Osteoblastomas occur in the body?

A

Posterior arch of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What long bones are the MC for Osteoblastomas?

A

Femur & Tibia

Diaphyseal & Metaphyseal Location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

List some of the radiographic findings of Osteoblastomas

A
  • Expansile, geographic
  • 2-12 cm dis with Matrix lucent but may have stifled calcification
  • Often sclerotic border and sharp zone of transition
  • Usually lacks reactive dense reactive sclerosis of osteoid osteoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is an important differential dx to include with Osteoblastoma?

A

ABC = aneurismal bone cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the second most common primary malignancy of bone?

A

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What percent of all primary malignancies of bone does Osteosarcoma represent?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

75% of Osteosarcoma’s occur between what age groups?

A

10-25 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

T or F

Osteosarcoma is 2:1 male:female

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

With Osteosarcoma we will see elevated serum levels of…

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the MC subtypes: “conventional” of Osteosarcoma?

A

Parosteal
Periosteal
Multicentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the most common sites for Osteosarcoma?

A

Knee
Proximal Humerus
** reported almost everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Name the basic patterns of Osteosarcoma and their relative %

A 
Sclerotic = 50%
Lytic = 25% 
Mixed = 25%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

T or F

The periosteal rxn with Osteosarcoma is solid/lamellated

A

False

Sunburst or Speculated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

T or F

Osteosarcoma will create permeative or moth-eaten bone lysis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the tx for Osteosarcoma?

A

Amputation and chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Parosteal Osteosarcoma is also known as?

A

Juxtacortical Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

T or F

Parosteal Osteosarcoma is faster growing and more aggressive than typical Osteosarcoma

A

False

Slower and less aggressive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What age group is typical for Parosteal Osteosarc?

A

2nd-4th decaades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What bones does Parosteal Osteosarc like?

A

92% Femur!!!

Tibia, humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the 2 types of juxtacortical sarcomas that are based on the relative amounts of fibrous, cartilage and osteoid tissue present…

A
  1. Parosteal Osteosarcoma

2. Periosteal Osteogenic Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

T or F

Parosteal Osteosarcoma arises as dense non-homogenous, ossified mass attached by a thick pedicle to adjacent bone usually in the metaphyseal area

A

False

HOMOGENOUS!!
*all the rest is true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Do you see underlying medullary bone being violated in Parosteal or Periosteal Osteosarcoma?

A

Parosteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Histologically this bone tumor is derived from rests of hyaline cartilage cells separated from the physis…

A

Enchondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Enchondromas represent what percent of all benign bone tumors?

A

10%

54
Q

50% of Enchondromas occur in what bones of the body?

A

Small bones of the hands

55
Q

T or F

Enchondromas are common in the distal phalanges and carpals

A

False

56
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor of the hand?

A

Enchondroma

57
Q

Enchondromatosis aka ?

A

Ollie’s Disease

58
Q

What is Ollier’s Disease (Enchondromatosis)

A

Multiple enchondromata (usually affecting one side of the body) and is considered dysplasia, rather than neoplastic process.

59
Q

Are enchondromas typically blastic or radiolucent?

A

Radiolucent

60
Q

In long bones the d/dx of Enchondroma should include what other pathology?

A

Medullary Bone Infarct

61
Q

What is Maffucci’s Syndrome?

A

Enchondromatosis and the presence of soft tissue hemangiomas

62
Q

This type of tumor is an osseous projection from the cortex with a cartilagenous “cap” and is thought to arise from isolated physeal cells.

A

Osteochondroma

63
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor?

A

Osteochondroma

* 50% of all reported benign bone tumors

64
Q

50% of Osteochondroma’s predilict where?

A

Lower extremity; esp femur and tibia

65
Q

T or F

Giant cell is typically concentric

A

False

Eccentric

66
Q

T or F

Osteochondroma develops in children

A

True

67
Q

What are the two types of Osteochondromas?

A
  1. Pedunculate (with stalk)

2. Sessile (broad based)

68
Q

T or F

Hemangioma’s will typically expand the bone

A

False

Does not and is commonly termed Barrel Vertebra

69
Q

What is a big difference between the multiple osteochondroma’s and the solitary variety?

A

The multiple as in HME are predisposed to malignant degeneration (some estimate up to 25% of cases)

70
Q

Chondroblastoma was previously referred to as?

A

Codman’s Tumor

71
Q

What is the name of the malignant lesion of chondroblastic origin that may arise in any bone preformed in cartilage?

A

Chondrosarcoma

72
Q

What is the age range for Chondrosarcoma?

A

Wide range

50% > age 40

73
Q

T or F

Chondrosarcoma’s are fast growing

A

False

slow growing and often develop over years.

74
Q

Giant cell tumor aka ?

A

Osteoclastoma

75
Q

Osteoclastoma is often considered a “quasi malignant” tumor that is histologically graded I-III. Please identify the grades

A 
I = benign lesions
II = intermediate
III = frankly malignant
76
Q

What percent of Giant Cell Tumors are benign?

A

80%

77
Q

T or F

Males are more commonly affected by Giant Cell Tumors

A

False

males = females

78
Q

What is the age range for Giant Cell Tumors

A

most in 20-40 yr. range

79
Q

What are the common sites for Giant Cells?

A

Femur (distal)
Radius (distal)
Humerus (proximal)

80
Q

T or F

Giant Cell is considered a metaphyseal lesion

A

True

81
Q

T or F

Giant cell is typically concentric

A

False

Eccentric

82
Q

Where in the body are Hemangioma’s common?

A

Spine and Calvarium

83
Q

A corduroy stripe appearance is common with what condition?

A

Hemangioma

84
Q

T or F

Hemangioma’s will typically expand the bone

A

False

Does not and is commonly termed Barrel Vertebra

85
Q

Name the Osteoid/bone origin benign tumors

A 
Osteoid Osteoma 
Osteoblastoma
Osteoma
Osteoclastoma (Giant Cell)
Bone Island
86
Q

What is the name of the Osteoid origin malignant tumor?

A

Osteosarcoma

87
Q

Cartilage origin benign tumors

A

Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Osteochondroma
Chondromyxoid Fibroma

88
Q

What is the malignant Cartilage in origin tumor?

A

Chondrosarcoma

89
Q

What is the name of the MC malignant bone tumor in children?

A

Ewings Tumor

90
Q

What is the name of the fluid-filled cystic lesion

A

Unicameral bone cyst - aka simple bone cyst

Aneurysm bone “cyst”

91
Q

What tumors are cystic looking but no fluid…

A

Intraosseous Lipoma

Giant Cell Tumor

92
Q

Most common tumor and tumor like lesions of bone are malignant or benign?

A

Benign

93
Q

Most malignant bone lesions are primary or secondary?

A

Secondary

94
Q

The most common primary malignancy of adult bone and the spine is?

A

Multiple Myeloma

95
Q

Most metastatic lesions to bone arise from what primary sites?

A

Breast
Prostate
Kidney
Lung

96
Q

Most metastatic bone lesions are located in the appendicular or axial skeleton and are rare….

A

Axial

Rare distal to the elbow or knees

97
Q

The term for a primary malignancy of connective tissue origin is?

A

Sarcoma

98
Q

Term describing multiple larger destructive areas with poorly defined margins and cortical destruction

A

Moth-eaten (punched-out)

99
Q

Term for a focal area of well localized destruction with complete border and clearly defined margins between the lesion and adjacent normal bone.

A

Geographic

100
Q

Term for destruction of local area with many tiny lytic lesions centrally and gradually fewer and fewer peripherally, fading into normal bone…

A

Permeative

101
Q

T or F

The majority of metastatic lesions to the skeleton are blastic

A

False

Lytic

102
Q

Because of the variety of X-Ray appearances, two tumor like disorders of bone sometimes referred to as the “great imitators” of bone diseases are….

A

Paget’s

Fibrous Dysplasia

103
Q

The most common location for tumors to occur in long bones is?

A

Metaphysis

104
Q

T or F

Geographic lesions that expand cortex are more commonly associated with malignant histology

A

False

Benign…but be aware of the geographic lesion without sclerotic margins or destroying (no expanding) cortex

105
Q

Popcorn or “rings/broken rings” of calcification often implies what tissue?

A

Cartilage

106
Q

Aka for Unicameral Bone Cyst

A

Simple Bone Cyst

107
Q

80% of Unicameral bone cysts occur between what ages?

A

3-14yrs

108
Q

Where do 75% of Simple bone cysts occur in the body?

A

Proximal humerus and proximal femur

109
Q

T or F

Active lesions (bone cysts) “drift away” from physeal plate to metadiaphysis

A

False

Active lesions maintain position adjacent to physeal plate.

110
Q

Fallen fragment sign is associated with what pathological process

A

Unicameral bone cyst

111
Q

Fibroxanthoma includes two similar lesions. What are they named?

A

Benign Fibrous Cortical Defect BFCD

Non-ossifying fibroma

112
Q

T or F

Typical the NOF is associated with a larger, more clinically significant lesion that may not resolve as compared to the BFCD

A

True

BFCD usually refers to a smaller, epihumeral lesion that is more a variant of growth than neoplasm.

113
Q

What is the common location for BFCD?

A

Metaphyseal/metadiaphyseal

Juxtacortical location

114
Q

Name the 3 presentations of Fibrous Dysplasia and their relative occurrence in %

A

Monostotic - 75%
Polyostotic - 25%
Poluostotic with associate endocrine anomaly - rare

115
Q

Do we see any destruction of cortex or a periosteal rxn with Fibrous Dysplasia?

A

Bone expansion is common with INTACT cortex, thinned maybe, but not destroyed.
No periosteal rxn or soft tissue mass

116
Q

Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in the hands can mimic what other disease?

A

Ollier’s

117
Q

Where do aneurysmal bone cysts usually develop?

A

80% long bone metaphyes usually eccentrically placed or post. arch of spine.

118
Q

T or F

Cortex is often thickened in aneurysmal bone cysts

A

False

Cortex is usually thinned to imperceptible - can mimic “blowout” type metastatic lesion.

119
Q

T or F

Ewings Tumor is Female predominant

A

False

Males > females 2:1
age 5-30 with peak at 15

120
Q

S&S of Ewings tumor may mimic what other pathology of the bone?

A

Infection

  • Fever
  • Elevated ESR
  • Elevated WBC
121
Q

Describe the pattern of bone destruction and periosteal response with Ewings

A

Motheaten/Permeative
Reactive Sclerosis
Classically layered or lamented in “onionskin” pattern

122
Q

T or F

Ewings will typically affect flat bones in younger patients and long bones in older patients.

A

False

Opposite

123
Q

T or F

Ewings is often in the metaphysis

A

False

Diaphyseal

124
Q

What cell type is involved with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Post-germinal center B-cells

125
Q

What is Stage 1 of the Ann Arbor Staging System for NHL

A

Stage 1 = primary lesion only (node, bone, other)

126
Q

What is Stage 2 of the Ann Arbor Staging System for NHL

A

Stage 2 = nodes inovled in more than two anatomic regions on the same side of the diaphragm

127
Q

What is the last stage of the Ann Arbor System for NHL

A

Stage 4 = Bony Mets

128
Q

What are the general classifications for Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas?

A

Low Grade
Intermediate Grade
High Grade
Miscellaneous

129
Q

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells with infiltration of bone marrow is known as…

A

Plasma Cell (Multiple) Myeloma

130
Q

What are the 2 presentations of Plasma Myeloma?

A
  1. Multiple Myeloma - 75%

2. Plasmacytoma - 25%

Skel Rad B (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions