Final Flashcards
Electron shielding
Electrons in inner energy level block outer electrons from full nuclear charge
Ionization energy
Tendency of an atom to lose electrons
Increases left to right
Decreases top to bottom
Electronegativity
Tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons to ingest and decreased top to bottom
Isoelectronic
Having the same electron configuration as another atom
Diatomic molecules
N o f cl br I
What is a lone pair
Pairs of electrons not included in bonding
How many electrons are shares in a single vs triple bond
Single bond: 2
Triple bond: 6
What type of bonding exists in diatomic molecules
Covalent
How does the electronegative the difference between two elements relate to the type of bonding that exists between them
The larger the elctronegativity difference the greater the fist ace in charge
2,0
Linear
2,1 or 2
Bent
3,0
Trigonal planar
3,1
trigonal pyramidal
4,0
Tetrahedral
Alkane
Single bonds between carbons
Alkene
Double bonds between carbons
Alkyne
Triple bonds between Carbons
Alcohol
OH
How do you find percent composition
Find molecular mass for each element and divide by all elements mass together
How do you find molecular mass
Find grams per mile for each element and add together
How to you find molecular formula
Take percents Divide by grams per mol Divide by smallest number=emperical Divide experimental molar mass by regular molar mass Multiple number by emperical
Synthesis
Add together
Decomposition
Separate
Displacement
Switch
How do you calculate percentage yield
Use stoicheometry to find how many grams of compound whose yeild you are trying to find
Divide the actual yeild by how many grams where found (theoretical yeild)
Multiply by 100
Boyles law
Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
P1V1=P2V2
Charles law
Volume of gas is directed proportional to temperature
V1. v2
T1 =T2
Graham’s law
Diffusion= high to low concentration
Effusion=gas moved through small opening
Larger molar mass slower gas moves
How to find percentage mass
Solute divided by whole solution
How do you find volume when given first temp first vol and second temp
Divide volume in liters by temp in kelvin and set that fraction equal to X divided by the second temp in kelvin
When original volume and second volume and pressure hoe do you find original pressure
Original volume in L times X= second pressure in atm times second volume in L
How do you find molality
Moles over Kg
Atomic radius
Half the distance between nuclei of adjacent atoms
Decreases left to right
Increase bottom to top
Pv=nrt
P=atm V=L N=moles R=.082 T=kelvin
Molality
Moles over L
Sublimation
Solid to gas
Deposition
Gas to solid
Entrophy
Measure of disorder S
Condensation
Gas to liquid
If a reaction gives off heat is the value of H positive or negative
Negative
Exothermic
How do you do problems with titration
M1 V1( in L)=M2 V2
Arrhenius definition
Acid-> anything that increases in h+ concentration
Base-> anything that increases on oh- concentration
Brindled Lowry
Acids-> donate proton h+
Base-> accept proton h+
Conjugate acid
Accepts proton
Triple pt
All stages exist
Critical pt
Point at which molecules have to much kinetic energy to stick together
Calculate H enthalpy
(H products)-(H reactants)
How to calculate G fee energy change
H-TS all delta except temp
