Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Am. History > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Supreme Court forbid states to do in McCulloch v. Maryland?

A

It was unconstitutional for Maryland to place a tax on paper money and states could not tax federal property.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the Supreme Court forbid states to do in the case Cohens v. Virginia?

A

State court decisions are subject to review by federal courts when they involve violation of federal law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did the Monroe Doctrine say that the United States would prevent?

A

Future colonization. Latin America from allying with other countries. Become involved in European concerns. Transfer existing colonies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the terms of the 1819 Adams-Onis treaty?

A

US gained Florida, Oregon, and Louisiana. Spain kept southwest/west Florida. Stop fighting over Florida.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Missouri Compromise’s 36-30 line extended through much territory owned by what foreign country?

A

Spain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Between 1820 and 1840 how did state election laws change?

A

Ending stand up voting and beginning to print ballots to protect privacy, eliminating property+religious qualifications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What charge was made about the election of 1824 between Adams, Jackson, and Clay?

A

A corrupt bargain had been struck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who wrote Exposition and Protest against the “Tariff of Abominations” in 1828?

A

John Calhoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to Andrew Jackson’s “spoils system” who got government jobs?

A

his friends/supporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What state sought to “nullify” the Tariff Act of 1832?

A

South Carolina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did Jackson solve the dispute between Georgia and Cherokee Nation?

A

Indian Removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of Andrew Jackson’s plans did Nicholas Biddle oppose?

A

Jackson’s plans on banks renewal/elimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to the text, how did the Jacksonian period change the two-party system and government responsiveness?

A

Both parties taking/accepting voice of the people and avoid extreme ideological positions - try to stand close to the political center.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characterize what Alexis de Tocqueville said of American society in Democracy in America during the Jacksonian period.

A

synthesis of religion and political liberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In 1818, the US agree to “joint occupation of Oregon” with what foreign power?

A

Britain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the economy of Mexican California based on?

A

Ranchos raised cattle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the idea that Americans had a God-given right to rule North America known as?

A

Manifest Destiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did the Texans revolt against president Santa Ana?

A

he was a dictator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the Battle of San Jacinto

A

Houston (Commander in chief of Texan army) defeated Mexicans and captured Santa Ana, forcing hun go sign a treaty to end war and for Texas Independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What political party’s 1844 platform was for the “reoccupation” of Oregon and the “reannexation” of Texas?

A

The Democratic Party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How was expansionism related to the debate over slavery?

A

it favored slavery because of a craving for new territory to grow cotton, requiring slaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why did President Polk send John Slidell to Mexico?

A

to negotiate about southwestern boundary of Texas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which major Mexican city did Gen. Zachary Taylor capture?

A

Monterrey.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General Winfield Scott’s assault on Chapultepec caused the fall of which major Mexican city?

A

Mexico City

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why didn’t the US decide to keep “All Mexico”?

A

because of the responsibility of governing a large non English speaking population with different institutions/traditions. Mexican resistance/attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which territories did the US gain by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

CA, New Mexico, and confirmed Rio Grande the southwestern boundary of Texas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

According to the text, what was the main reason war between Mexico and the US was almost inevitable?

A

bc of them being neighbors and the US being more powerful + Spain losing power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What was the Western population in 1860?

A

15 million.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the total population of the US in 1860?

A

32 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What were discriminatory laws against free blacks called?

A

Jim Crow laws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where was a woman’s “sphere” supposed to be?

A

with family at home.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What author wrote “Leatherstocking Tales” adventure stories of man against nature?

A

James Fenimore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What did Transcendentalist authors believe?

A

that humans are perfectible and are good. God is forgiving. One follows their own inspiration. Everyone has divine spark. Rejected material goods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How did James Madison’s 1815 ideas show that the Jeffersonian Republicans had adopted much of the old Federalist program?

A

He asked for a new national bank, protective tariff, and a system of internal improvements - which were all Federalists principles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What transcendentalist lived in the woods at Walden Pond to test his theories?

A

Henry David Thoreau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who did popular literature appeal to? What were its themes?

A

Women. Romance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What was the Hudson Rover school?

A

an art school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What idea held that individual and collective sin could be overcome by human will, education, and cooperative action?

A

Perfectionism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Dorothea Dix led a successful campaign to improve care for what group in society?

A

the mentally ill.

40
Q

What were “Maine Laws” against?

A

consumption of alcohol.

41
Q

The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was the beginning of what national movement?

A

women’s rights

42
Q

What magazine did William Lloyd Garrison establish?

A

the antislavery magazine, The Liberator

43
Q

What type of lifestyle was exemplified by Fourierism, Oneida, New Harmony, and the Shakers?

A

“utopian” communities

44
Q

what did industrialism, urbanism, westward migration and Catholic immigration lead to in society?

A

economic enterprises

45
Q

named the most valuable southern crops for export in 1855

A

corn

46
Q

how strong was southern industry?

A

it was weak because keeping slavery kept them bound to agriculture

47
Q

if slaves are not counted, how did the average southern income compared to the north?

A

if slaves are not counted, the average southern income compared to the north was higher. North=$141. South=$150

48
Q

what percentage of southerners owner more than 100 slaves?

A

less than 1%

49
Q

most slaveholders belonged to which class?

A

The planter aristocrat class

50
Q

what term refers to average or poor southern farmers without slaves?

A

yeoman

51
Q

what type of plantation generally provided a better standard of living for slaves?

A

large plantations

52
Q

why were laws against torturing slaves rarely enforced?

A

because blacks could not testify in court against whites

53
Q

Who led the most serious slave rebellion in 1831?

A

Nat Turner

54
Q

Who did Southerners usually blame for slave unrest?

A

northerners

55
Q

how did George Fitzhugh explain slavery as a positive good?

A

from a sociological perspective

56
Q

what did southern romantic fantasies compare their society to?

A

medieval Europe

57
Q

whose idea was the concurrent majority plan?

A

John Calhoun

58
Q

what were the results of the Southern myth?

A

myth of chivalry to justify and preserves. Guilt and fear

59
Q

name the idea of allowing settlers to vote whether a territory would be slave or free

A

popular sovereignty

60
Q

why did the California gold rush cause a political crisis?

A

because many people settled there which put California on political radar on whether would be free or slave state

61
Q

what did the underground railroad do?

A

it was a network of houses, Barne, and cellars stretching from slave territory to Canada I were slaves could hide well escaping to freedom

62
Q

The compromise of 1850 introduced popular sovereignty into what territories?

A

into the remaining Mexican Cession territory

63
Q

name two senators who stood for abolishing slavery, whatever the cost

A

Salmon, Sumner, Seward

64
Q

The Fugitive Slave Act inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe to write what novel?

A

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

65
Q

What did Stephen Douglass’s Kansas-Nebraska Act do?

A

allowed popular sovereignty

66
Q

What did the Dred Scott court ruling say about citizenship and the spread of slavery?

A

Slaves were property, not citizens. and that meant slavery could spread even into free territory.

67
Q

Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas agreed to seven debates. What office were they running for?

A

Senator of Illinois

68
Q

What was John Brown trying to do at Harpers ferry?

A

to have a slave revolt by taking over weapon supply

69
Q

why did the south consider a Lincoln presidency intolerable?

A

because he was against slavery

70
Q

on December 20, 1860 what state became the first to secede?

A

South Carolina

71
Q

Lincoln held that secession was illegal. on what other issue did he refuse to compromise?

A

the spread of slavery

72
Q

where were the first shots of the civil war fired?

A

Fort sumter

73
Q

Advantages of the Confederate side

A

cotton supplied to britain’s textile industry meant possible european interest. military talent. only needed to survive, north needed to conquer.

74
Q

which four slave states did not join the confederate states of america?

A

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri

75
Q

how does the text rate president Lincoln’s war leadership?

A

excellent/essential to Union

76
Q

how does the text rate President Jefferson Davis’s way leadership?

A

poor-argumentative, etc

77
Q

who won the wars first battle at Bull Run, Virginia?

A

the confederates

78
Q

why was the naval blockade so important to union plans?

A

bc blocked off ports and was effective in attacks

79
Q

McClellan turned back Lee’s invasion of Maryland in this battle

A

Battle of Antietam

80
Q

Which slaves were freed by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation?

A

any that could escape out of confederate territory

81
Q

what is usually agreed to be Lee and Jackson’s most brilliant victory?

A

the Battle of Chancellorsville

82
Q

Grant’s victory here split the South in two

A

Vicksburg

83
Q

Lee’s disastrous defeat here spelled the beginning of the end for Southern hopes

A

Gettysburg

84
Q

What was General William T Sherman’s “march to the sea”?

A

he burned and destroyed Atlanta and went throught liberating blacks

85
Q

what was the greatest accomplishment of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers?

A

blacks able to be apart of the war

86
Q

what was reconstruction?

A

the process by which the South was restored to the union

87
Q

why was the majority in congress dissatisfied with Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan?

A

bc they thought it was too lenient and easy on the south

88
Q

what did the 13th amendment do?

A

abolish slavery

89
Q

what did the 14th amendment do?

A

defined citizenship- all people born in the US or naturalized

90
Q

what did the 15th amendment do?

A

prohibited denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or previous servitude

91
Q

what was the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson really about?

A

keeping him away from controlling reconstruction/unlawful termination of Stanton (tenure of office act)

92
Q

how did most former slaves earn a living?

A

tenantry/sharecropping

93
Q

what name did southerners call other southerners who supported reconstruction?

A

scalawags

94
Q

what were northerners who went south to enforce reconstruction called?

A

carpetbaggers

95
Q

what did the kkk do to oppose reconstruction?

A

attack/kill blacks and people who supportive of free blacks

96
Q

what legislation did congress pass in an effort to control such groups as the klan?

A

force bills

97
Q

what did the south “get” for its part in the “compromise of 1877”?

A

removal of military from the south

Am. History (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions