Final

Question 1

What did the Supreme Court forbid states to do in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Answer 1

It was unconstitutional for Maryland to place a tax on paper money and states could not tax federal property.

Question 2

What did the Supreme Court forbid states to do in the case Cohens v. Virginia?

Answer 2

State court decisions are subject to review by federal courts when they involve violation of federal law.

Question 3

What did the Monroe Doctrine say that the United States would prevent?

Answer 3

Future colonization. Latin America from allying with other countries. Become involved in European concerns. Transfer existing colonies.

Question 4

What were the terms of the 1819 Adams-Onis treaty?

Answer 4

US gained Florida, Oregon, and Louisiana. Spain kept southwest/west Florida. Stop fighting over Florida.

Question 5

The Missouri Compromise’s 36-30 line extended through much territory owned by what foreign country?

Answer 5

Spain.

Question 6

Between 1820 and 1840 how did state election laws change?

Answer 6

Ending stand up voting and beginning to print ballots to protect privacy, eliminating property+religious qualifications.

Question 7

What charge was made about the election of 1824 between Adams, Jackson, and Clay?

Answer 7

A corrupt bargain had been struck.

Question 8

Who wrote Exposition and Protest against the “Tariff of Abominations” in 1828?

Answer 8

John Calhoun

Question 9

According to Andrew Jackson’s “spoils system” who got government jobs?

Answer 9

his friends/supporters

Question 10

What state sought to “nullify” the Tariff Act of 1832?

Answer 10

South Carolina

Question 11

How did Jackson solve the dispute between Georgia and Cherokee Nation?

Answer 11

Indian Removal

Question 12

Which of Andrew Jackson’s plans did Nicholas Biddle oppose?

Answer 12

Jackson’s plans on banks renewal/elimination.

Question 13

According to the text, how did the Jacksonian period change the two-party system and government responsiveness?

Answer 13

Both parties taking/accepting voice of the people and avoid extreme ideological positions - try to stand close to the political center.

Question 14

Characterize what Alexis de Tocqueville said of American society in Democracy in America during the Jacksonian period.

Answer 14

synthesis of religion and political liberty.

Question 15

In 1818, the US agree to “joint occupation of Oregon” with what foreign power?

Answer 15

Britain.

Question 16

What was the economy of Mexican California based on?

Answer 16

Ranchos raised cattle.

Question 17

What is the idea that Americans had a God-given right to rule North America known as?

Answer 17

Manifest Destiny

Question 18

Why did the Texans revolt against president Santa Ana?

Answer 18

he was a dictator

Question 19

Describe the Battle of San Jacinto

Answer 19

Houston (Commander in chief of Texan army) defeated Mexicans and captured Santa Ana, forcing hun go sign a treaty to end war and for Texas Independence

Question 20

What political party’s 1844 platform was for the “reoccupation” of Oregon and the “reannexation” of Texas?

Answer 20

The Democratic Party

Question 21

How was expansionism related to the debate over slavery?

Answer 21

it favored slavery because of a craving for new territory to grow cotton, requiring slaves.

Question 22

Why did President Polk send John Slidell to Mexico?

Answer 22

to negotiate about southwestern boundary of Texas

Question 23

Which major Mexican city did Gen. Zachary Taylor capture?

Answer 23

Monterrey.

Question 24

General Winfield Scott’s assault on Chapultepec caused the fall of which major Mexican city?

Answer 24

Mexico City

Question 25

Why didn't the US decide to keep "All Mexico"?

Answer 25

because of the responsibility of governing a large non English speaking population with different institutions/traditions. Mexican resistance/attacks

Question 26

Which territories did the US gain by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

Answer 26

CA, New Mexico, and confirmed Rio Grande the southwestern boundary of Texas.

Question 27

According to the text, what was the main reason war between Mexico and the US was almost inevitable?

Answer 27

bc of them being neighbors and the US being more powerful + Spain losing power.

Question 28

What was the Western population in 1860?

Answer 28

15 million.

Question 29

What was the total population of the US in 1860?

Answer 29

32 million

Question 30

What were discriminatory laws against free blacks called?

Answer 30

Jim Crow laws.

Question 31

Where was a woman's "sphere" supposed to be?

Answer 31

with family at home.

Question 32

What author wrote "Leatherstocking Tales" adventure stories of man against nature?

Answer 32

James Fenimore

Question 33

What did Transcendentalist authors believe?

Answer 33

that humans are perfectible and are good. God is forgiving. One follows their own inspiration. Everyone has divine spark. Rejected material goods.

Question 34

How did James Madison's 1815 ideas show that the Jeffersonian Republicans had adopted much of the old Federalist program?

Answer 34

He asked for a new national bank, protective tariff, and a system of internal improvements - which were all Federalists principles.

Question 35

What transcendentalist lived in the woods at Walden Pond to test his theories?

Answer 35

Henry David Thoreau

Question 36

Who did popular literature appeal to? What were its themes?

Answer 36

Women. Romance.

Question 37

What was the Hudson Rover school?

Answer 37

an art school

Question 38

What idea held that individual and collective sin could be overcome by human will, education, and cooperative action?

Answer 38

Perfectionism.

Question 39

Dorothea Dix led a successful campaign to improve care for what group in society?

Answer 39

the mentally ill.

Question 40

What were "Maine Laws" against?

Answer 40

consumption of alcohol.

Question 41

The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was the beginning of what national movement?

Answer 41

women's rights

Question 42

What magazine did William Lloyd Garrison establish?

Answer 42

the antislavery magazine, The Liberator

Question 43

What type of lifestyle was exemplified by Fourierism, Oneida, New Harmony, and the Shakers?

Answer 43

"utopian" communities

Question 44

what did industrialism, urbanism, westward migration and Catholic immigration lead to in society?

Answer 44

economic enterprises

Question 45

named the most valuable southern crops for export in 1855

Answer 45

corn

Question 46

how strong was southern industry?

Answer 46

it was weak because keeping slavery kept them bound to agriculture

Question 47

if slaves are not counted, how did the average southern income compared to the north?

Answer 47

if slaves are not counted, the average southern income compared to the north was higher. North=$141. South=$150

Question 48

what percentage of southerners owner more than 100 slaves?

Answer 48

less than 1%

Question 49

most slaveholders belonged to which class?

Answer 49

The planter aristocrat class

Question 50

what term refers to average or poor southern farmers without slaves?

Answer 50

yeoman

Question 51

what type of plantation generally provided a better standard of living for slaves?

Answer 51

large plantations

Question 52

why were laws against torturing slaves rarely enforced?

Answer 52

because blacks could not testify in court against whites

Question 53

Who led the most serious slave rebellion in 1831?

Answer 53

Nat Turner

Question 54

Who did Southerners usually blame for slave unrest?

Answer 54

northerners

Question 55

how did George Fitzhugh explain slavery as a positive good?

Answer 55

from a sociological perspective

Question 56

what did southern romantic fantasies compare their society to?

Answer 56

medieval Europe

Question 57

whose idea was the concurrent majority plan?

Answer 57

John Calhoun

Question 58

what were the results of the Southern myth?

Answer 58

myth of chivalry to justify and preserves. Guilt and fear

Question 59

name the idea of allowing settlers to vote whether a territory would be slave or free

Answer 59

popular sovereignty

Question 60

why did the California gold rush cause a political crisis?

Answer 60

because many people settled there which put California on political radar on whether would be free or slave state

Question 61

what did the underground railroad do?

Answer 61

it was a network of houses, Barne, and cellars stretching from slave territory to Canada I were slaves could hide well escaping to freedom

Question 62

The compromise of 1850 introduced popular sovereignty into what territories?

Answer 62

into the remaining Mexican Cession territory

Question 63

name two senators who stood for abolishing slavery, whatever the cost

Answer 63

Salmon, Sumner, Seward

Question 64

The Fugitive Slave Act inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe to write what novel?

Answer 64

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 65

What did Stephen Douglass's Kansas-Nebraska Act do?

Answer 65

allowed popular sovereignty

Question 66

What did the Dred Scott court ruling say about citizenship and the spread of slavery?

Answer 66

Slaves were property, not citizens. and that meant slavery could spread even into free territory.

Question 67

Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas agreed to seven debates. What office were they running for?

Answer 67

Senator of Illinois

Question 68

What was John Brown trying to do at Harpers ferry?

Answer 68

to have a slave revolt by taking over weapon supply

Question 69

why did the south consider a Lincoln presidency intolerable?

Answer 69

because he was against slavery

Question 70

on December 20, 1860 what state became the first to secede?

Answer 70

South Carolina

Question 71

Lincoln held that secession was illegal. on what other issue did he refuse to compromise?

Answer 71

the spread of slavery

Question 72

where were the first shots of the civil war fired?

Answer 72

Fort sumter

Question 73

Advantages of the Confederate side

Answer 73

cotton supplied to britain's textile industry meant possible european interest. military talent. only needed to survive, north needed to conquer.

Question 74

which four slave states did not join the confederate states of america?

Answer 74

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri

Question 75

how does the text rate president Lincoln's war leadership?

Answer 75

excellent/essential to Union

Question 76

how does the text rate President Jefferson Davis's way leadership?

Answer 76

poor-argumentative, etc

Question 77

who won the wars first battle at Bull Run, Virginia?

Answer 77

the confederates

Question 78

why was the naval blockade so important to union plans?

Answer 78

bc blocked off ports and was effective in attacks

Question 79

McClellan turned back Lee's invasion of Maryland in this battle

Answer 79

Battle of Antietam

Question 80

Which slaves were freed by Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 80

any that could escape out of confederate territory

Question 81

what is usually agreed to be Lee and Jackson's most brilliant victory?

Answer 81

the Battle of Chancellorsville

Question 82

Grant's victory here split the South in two

Answer 82

Vicksburg

Question 83

Lee's disastrous defeat here spelled the beginning of the end for Southern hopes

Answer 83

Gettysburg

Question 84

What was General William T Sherman's "march to the sea"?

Answer 84

he burned and destroyed Atlanta and went throught liberating blacks

Question 85

what was the greatest accomplishment of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers?

Answer 85

blacks able to be apart of the war

Question 86

what was reconstruction?

Answer 86

the process by which the South was restored to the union

Question 87

why was the majority in congress dissatisfied with Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan?

Answer 87

bc they thought it was too lenient and easy on the south

Question 88

what did the 13th amendment do?

Answer 88

abolish slavery

Question 89

what did the 14th amendment do?

Answer 89

defined citizenship- all people born in the US or naturalized

Question 90

what did the 15th amendment do?

Answer 90

prohibited denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or previous servitude

Question 91

what was the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson really about?

Answer 91

keeping him away from controlling reconstruction/unlawful termination of Stanton (tenure of office act)

Question 92

how did most former slaves earn a living?

Answer 92

tenantry/sharecropping

Question 93

what name did southerners call other southerners who supported reconstruction?

Answer 93

scalawags

Question 94

what were northerners who went south to enforce reconstruction called?

Answer 94

carpetbaggers

Question 95

what did the kkk do to oppose reconstruction?

Answer 95

attack/kill blacks and people who supportive of free blacks

Question 96

what legislation did congress pass in an effort to control such groups as the klan?

Answer 96

force bills

Question 97

what did the south "get" for its part in the "compromise of 1877"?

Answer 97

removal of military from the south