Final Flashcards
Swander 2008
- Downward trend for teen workplace participation
- Peak in 1978 (72% of 16 year olds in workforce)
- Percent of teens in workforce has steadily decreased to 50% during 2007
Marcia-Identity Statuses
- Core idea that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits
- Well developed identity gives on a sense of one’s strengths, weaknesses, and individual weakness
- Tends to be around 18-25 years of age
Identity
Involves adoption of
- Sexual orientation
- set of values and ideals
- vocational direction
Ethnic Identity Development
- Jean Phinney (1996)
- William Cross
Jean Phinney (ethnic identity development)
- Bicultural identity
` identify in some ways with own ethnic group, and other ways with dominant group (or minority culture)
William Cross (ethnic identity development)
- Ethnic difference development in minority groups
- Differs from identity statuses
- Pre-encounter
- Encounter
- Immersion/Emersion
- Internalization
Pre-encounter (William Cross)
Identify with majority culture
Encounter (William Cross)
- A positive encounter leads to surprise at perceived difference
- A negative encounter makes on feel devalued or rejected
- Shake earlier beliefs about identity
Immersion/Emersion (William Cross)
- Little interest in those outside of own ethnic group (immersion)
- Feel own ethnic group is positive, other groups are not (immersion)
- Eventually realize that no one group is perfect or right all the time (emersion)
- Begin exploration of other ethnic groups too (emersion)
Internalization
-Identity allows for meaningful relationships across group boundaries, but only with those who respect all aspects of your new identity
Anorexia
-Early to mid-adolescence (12-14 years old)
-Late adolescence (17-20)
-DSM IV-TR
` Weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight
Treatment of Anorexia
- Restoring body to healthy weight
- Treat psychological issues related to the eating disorder
- Efforts to reduce or eliminate behaviors or thoughts that lead to insufficient eating
- No medication to date
- Maudsley Approach
- Parents of teens will assume responsibility for feeding child (effective)
Bulimia
- Mid to late adolescence 16-20
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Recurrent innapropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight ( induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives/diuretics/enemas, fasting, excessive exercise)
- Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior both occur (on average) at least twice a week for 3 months
- Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape/weight
- The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervose
Treatments of Bulimia
- Involves combination of options
-To reduce or eliminate bing-eating and purging behaviors
` Nutritional counseling and psychotherapy - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
` therapists helps the patient learn how to identify distorted or unhelpful thinking patterns
` recognize and change inaccurate beliefs - Prescribed medication
Couturier et al. (2013) study
-Meta-analysis of family-based treatment for teens with eating disorders
- Involves 9-12 months of treatment, on therapist, and a physician assed physical health
- Based on selection of criteria the authors found 12 randomized control trial studies of teens with eating disorders and family therapy
-Results of meta-analysis were not sufficient
` family therapy did not differ from individual therapy
-Showed this treatment technique is much more effective for adolescents than individuals therapy at 6-12 month follow-ups
Rachel, Myya, Abby Group: Eating Disorders
-longitudinal study over 3 years
-Random sample of 14-15 year olds
- Results
` Media = ideal internalization predicted later negative emotional experiences regarding body and self
` Negative experiences predicted subsequent dietary restraint and binge eating
` No differences across gender
Camille and Marissa’s group: LGBTQ issues
- Vicitimization outcomes
` Distress
` Bullying
` Drug use
` Mental difficulties (depression and suicide)Lorenzo, Dustin, and Laura grou: groups of drug users and psychological health
- Abstainers
- Frequent users
- Experimenters
Abstainers
- proud of being “objective” and rational
- over controlled
- moralistic
- not like/accepted by peers
Frequent users
- not dependable or responsible
- not productive or able to get things done
- not having high aspirations
- poor impulsive control
- not having the warmth or capacity to have relationships with others
Experiementers
- most psychologically sound
- experimenting with new roles, identities, testing limits
- typical for adolescent age bracket
Biana, Cailey, and Jasmine’s group: palliative care
- specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses
- it focuses on providing patients with relief from symptoms and stress of a serious illness
- the goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient and the family
Megan and Kelly’s group: birth control
- most effective and popular choice was hormonal implant
Gabriella, Erika, and Ambar’s group: maturation and social benefits
- Early maturation is linked with “social benefits”
- Girls that experienced puberty earlier were indeed considered “cool” by peers
- similar results from teachers when reporting on student popularity
- earlier pubertal develop was associated with subsequent depressive symptoms and low self-worth
- although popular, these girls are a larger target of nasty rumors
Ben, Brandon, Venita, and kaitlyn’s group: bullying and cyberbullying
- 95% of teens or adolescents have witnessed or seen cyberbullying and have done nothing to report or defend those being bullied
- 75% of school age children became victims of cuber bullying at least once in 2014
Dakota’s group: teens and military families
- Site difference had not effects on the results of the experiments
- when the data was compiled, researchers found no significant difference between the groups and how they handled their mental illness– contrary to what researchers expected
Lynsie, Breea, and Tara’s group: gender and sexting
-females were more likely to engage in sexting
