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Aphasia > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of people are left hemisphere dominant for language?

A

98%

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2
Q

What percent of left-handed people are left hemisphere dominant for language?

A

60% (the other 40% will be dominant for language in their right hemisphere)

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3
Q

What does a lesion to the non-dominant hemisphere cause?

A

cognitive-linguistic deficits

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4
Q

Which hemisphere has a higher ratio of white matter?

A

right (means there is more diffuse connection in the right hemisphere)

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5
Q

What would a lesion to the right temporal lobe result in?

A
  • poor processing of nonverbal stimuli
  • prosopagnosia
  • difficulty interpreting facial expressions
  • poor interpretation of emotional intonation
  • poor voice recognition
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6
Q

What would a lesion to the right parietal lone cause?

A
  • visuospatial deficits
  • topographical disability
  • attention problems
  • anosagnosia
  • constructional apraxia
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7
Q

what would a lesion to the frontal lobe cause?

A
  • decreased inhibition
  • distractibility
  • problems with higher level thinking
  • problems with executive functions
  • decreased ability to profit from cues
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8
Q

What are some characteristics patients with NDHD may have?

A
  • aprosodia
  • hypermelodia
  • problems with emotions
  • problems understanding humor
  • problems with discourse
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9
Q

what are the types of attention?

A
  • sustained
  • spatial selective
  • alternating attention
  • divided attention
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10
Q

What are things to work on for NDHD?

A
  • comprehension and production of humor
  • problem solving
  • orientation
  • neglect
  • impulsiveness
  • memory
  • prosody
  • inferences
  • planning and organizing
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11
Q

Do people with right or left hemisphere strokes tend to experience more euphoria?

A

right hemisphere strokes

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12
Q

what things should you assess with NDHD?

A
  • neglect
  • attention
  • discourse analysis
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13
Q

What are some assessments that can be used with NDHD?

A
  • SLUMS
  • Mini Mental
  • MOCA
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14
Q

What kind of deficits result from a traumatic brain injury?

A

mostly cognitive-linguistic deficits

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15
Q

What is a closed head injury?

A

nothing penetrates the brain

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16
Q

What is an open head injury?

A

something has penetrated the skull

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17
Q

What is post concussion syndrome?

A

when the patients has dizziness, headaches, and problems with concentration and short term memory.

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18
Q

When can post concussion syndrome happen?

A

immediately or a few days later

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19
Q

Why do post concussion symptoms happen?

A

because there is damage to the reticular activating system

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20
Q

What is second impact syndrome?

A

when the brain hasn’t healed from the first concussion and then gets a second one

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21
Q

What is a coma?

A

a possible consequence of a TBI. A loss of consciousness for more than a concussion

22
Q

Explain the alexander 6 point scale of recovery levels

A

1: coma
2: unresponsive vigilance
3: mute responsiveness
4: confusional state
5: independent self care
6: intellectual indepence

23
Q

Explain the Ranchos levels

A

1: unresponsive
2: generalized response, inconsistent reaction (often stereotypic)
3: localized response
4: confused and agitated, possible confabulation
5. confused, inappropriate, non-agitated
6. confused, appropriate, comprehension is coming along
7. automatic, appropriate, patient is becoming more independent in self care
8. purposeful, appropriate

24
Q

explain the Glasgow outcome scale

A 
1=death
2= persistent vegetative state
3=severe disability
4=moderate disability
5=good recovery
25
Q

How is a number given on the Glasgow coma scale?

A

based on patient’s eye movement, best motor response, and best verbal response

26
Q

What score on the Rapport Coma/Near Coma scale means a vegetative state?

A

21 or more

27
Q

Explain coma stimulation

A

stimulate different senses to stimulate the RAS, thalamus, and brainstem

28
Q

What are some scales you can use to assess TBI?

A
  • SCATBI
  • RIPA
  • Assessment of cognitive abilities
  • COAT (after amnesia)
  • GOAT (after amnesia)
29
Q

What kind of approach can you use with TBI patients

A

Top down or bottom up approach (top down has the best results)

30
Q

What is something you can do to help a patient in early stages of recovery?

A

coma stimulation

31
Q

What is something you can do to help patients in the middle stages of recovery

A

focus on compensations and training

32
Q

What is something you can do to help patients in the end stages of recovery

A

withdrawing some of the compensations that were put in place

33
Q

Areas of treatment for TBI

A
  • orientation
  • attention/concentration
  • memory
  • organization
  • problem solving
  • social skills
  • judgment
  • safety with objects
  • decreasing impulsivity
  • behavior management
34
Q

When does Alzheimers tend to present?

A

around a person’s 60s. chances grow by ten times by the person’s 80s

35
Q

What are symptoms of dementia?

A
  • recent memory loss
  • emotional disturbances
  • increased language problems
  • intact motor skills
  • steady pattern of decline
36
Q

What are the language characteristics of dementia?

A
  • receptive language will decline over time
  • reading is a strength, but it isn’t comprehended
  • visuospatial deficits
  • word fluency is reduced
  • patients are verbose without saying a lot
  • may circumlocute
  • grammar tends to stay intact
37
Q

What is multi-infarct dementia?

A

happens when the patient has numerous strokes that are in location to cause cognitive decline

38
Q

What kind of decline is MID?

A

stair step decline

39
Q

What is Pick’s disease?

A

type of dementia where the patient can be very inhibited and make sexual advances towards people

40
Q

What is frontotemporal dementia?

A

related to primary progressive aphasia

-language goes first, then cognition

41
Q

What is the Hachinski Ischemic scale used for?

A

to differentiate between Alzheimer’s from MID

42
Q

Things to consider during dementia treatment

A
  • use of environmental aids
  • help keep structure and routine
  • initiation of activities
  • be calm
43
Q

What can you use to assess dementia

A
  • MOCA
  • Mini mental
  • SLUMS
  • Global deterioration scale
44
Q

What should dementia treatment focus on?

A
  • reality orientation
  • compensation strategies
  • procedural memory
45
Q

What is Validation therapy?

A

-communicate about whatever reality the patient is in

46
Q

What are the benefits of Validation therapy?

A

reduce anxiety and problem behaviors

-will also increase initiation, improve mood, and reduce agression

47
Q

What is Reminiscence therapy?

A

using a lot of pictures and memorabilia to get the patient talking about things from his/her era

48
Q

What is sensory stimulation?

A

-putting things near the patient that will be tangible cue from the client. Can use memory wallets or cards that contain relevant information

49
Q

What is Spaced Retrieval therapy?

A

involves asking the patient to recall relevant information with systematically longer delays

50
Q

What is the focused program?

A 
F: face to face communication
O: orient patient to topic
C: continuity of topic
U: unsticking any blocks (repairing breakdown)
S: structured questions
E: exchanging turns
D: direct short sentences
51
Q

What is the Montessori Method?

A

involves a lot of concrete materials that help enhance safety and decrease anxiety

52
Q

What are some linguistic modifications that caregivers should make?

A
  • stay pleasant
  • ask yes/no questions
  • keep language simple
  • repeat yourself
  • use concrete language
  • use high frequency
  • personally relevant topics
  • converse about events that are in view

Aphasia (3 decks)

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