Final Flashcards
The four basic tastes for which there are taste receptors.
Sweet, sour, bitter,and salty.
Path of light though the eye
Conjunctiva. Cornea. Agueous humor. Pupil/Iris. Lens. Vitreous humor. Retina.
Cornea:
The transparent outer layer of the eye.
Sclera-the white part of the eye.
What does the lens do?
Focuses; needs to change thickness muscles attached to the lens.
What is cataracts?
Not so clear (cloudy) layers of the lens.
How many smells can a person remember?
Up to 10,000
What is glaucoma?
Too much pressure in the eye
What does the retina do?
Contains all light receptors
Types of receptors: rods 8 cones
Rods and cones
Rods-Black and white
Cones-light
What is motion sickness?
Conflicting information between your eyes and your ears.
Stereo Hearing
Allows you to pinpoint sound without seeing it.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Spinning, bending over, cartwheel motion.
3 Functions of the ear
Sound reception, dynamic equilibrium, static equilibrium
Path of sound waves in ear
Outer ear (air), middle ear (solid), inner ear (liquid).
Pinna
Collects sound waves
Auditory canal
Provides separation between outer and middle ear
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Sound waves strike this and it vibrates
3 bones in the middle ear
Hammer, anvil and stirrup.
Inner ear
S.W. Strike the oval window.
Different pitches of sound, hit different parts of the cochlea.
Bigger waves sets off more receptors.
Eustacian Tube
Connects to the middle ear, equalizes air pressure.
Otoliths and Statoliths
Ear/stone/position
Help you know where your head is at
Function of the skeleton
Supports body, protects organs, creates red & white blood cells, movement, mineral storage.
Makeup of skeletal system
Water, minerals,& living tissue
Tendons
Bone to muscle
Ligaments
Bone to bone
Cartilage
Flexible bone
Ribs, ears, nose
5 different joints
Ball & socket-hip, shoulder Hinge-elbow, knee Gliding-spine, wrist, ankle Fixed-sternum Floating-knee cap
Incisors -
To cut
Canines-
To rip and tear
Molars-
To chew and grind
Herbivores-
Large incisors, flat molars
Carnivores-
Large canines, small incisors, pointy molars
Bones in babies vs adults
Babies- 300
Adults-206
Heart layers
Epicardium-outside
Myocardium-middle
Endocardium-skin like layer on the outside
Arteries-
Lead away from the heart. High pressure. Thick wall, small diameter.
Veins-
Lead toward the heart. Low pressure. Thin wall, large diameter.
Average blood pressure-
110/70
Path of air thru respiratory system
Nasal passage.
Pharynx (throat)
Trachea.
Larynx (vocal chords).
Breathing in…
Inspiration.
Muscles-diaphragm and rib muscles.
Breathing out….
Expiration.
Muscles relax.
What is blood made up of?
Red and white blood cells,
Platelets,
Plasma.
PH range and average
1-14; 7
Defenses of your immune system
Skin, mucus membrane and body chemistry (non specific), specific immunity ( true immunity).
Skin-
Is waterproof
External body chemistry includes-
Oil and swear in your skin, lysozymes, tears, saliva, stomach acids, urine.
Where are blood cells made?
Bone marrow.
WBC have a nucleus
Job of a platelet?
To clot.
What is plasma?
The liquid part of your blood
What is pus?
White blood cells, dead bacteria and plasma.
Trachea-
Lined with cilia and mucus.
Larynx-
Only works when air is moving out.
Circulatory System
Pump heart–> arteries away–> capillaries exchange–> veins (toward).
Pathway of blood thru the heart
Superior vena cava. Right atrium. Right ventricle. Semilunar valves. Pulmonary artery.
Left atrium. Aorta.
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary functions
Automatic nervous system
Involuntary functions,
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
- Stress (fight or flight)
- peace ( returning to normal)
Botulism ?
Prevents release of the neurotransmitter
Tetnus?
Blocks the enzyme that destroys neurotransmitter
Multiple Sclerosis?
Your immune system attacks your body. Destroys myelin sheath of motor nerves.
