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Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The four basic tastes for which there are taste receptors.

A

Sweet, sour, bitter,and salty.

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2
Q

Path of light though the eye

A 
Conjunctiva.
Cornea. 
Agueous humor.
Pupil/Iris.
Lens.
Vitreous humor.
Retina.
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3
Q

Cornea:

A

The transparent outer layer of the eye.

Sclera-the white part of the eye.

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4
Q

What does the lens do?

A

Focuses; needs to change thickness muscles attached to the lens.

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5
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Not so clear (cloudy) layers of the lens.

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6
Q

How many smells can a person remember?

A

Up to 10,000

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7
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Too much pressure in the eye

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8
Q

What does the retina do?

A

Contains all light receptors

Types of receptors: rods 8 cones

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9
Q

Rods and cones

A

Rods-Black and white

Cones-light

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10
Q

What is motion sickness?

A

Conflicting information between your eyes and your ears.

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11
Q

Stereo Hearing

A

Allows you to pinpoint sound without seeing it.

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12
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

Spinning, bending over, cartwheel motion.

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13
Q

3 Functions of the ear

A

Sound reception, dynamic equilibrium, static equilibrium

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14
Q

Path of sound waves in ear

A

Outer ear (air), middle ear (solid), inner ear (liquid).

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15
Q

Pinna

A

Collects sound waves

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16
Q

Auditory canal

A

Provides separation between outer and middle ear

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17
Q

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

Sound waves strike this and it vibrates

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18
Q

3 bones in the middle ear

A

Hammer, anvil and stirrup.

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19
Q

Inner ear

A

S.W. Strike the oval window.
Different pitches of sound, hit different parts of the cochlea.
Bigger waves sets off more receptors.

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20
Q

Eustacian Tube

A

Connects to the middle ear, equalizes air pressure.

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21
Q

Otoliths and Statoliths

A

Ear/stone/position

Help you know where your head is at

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22
Q

Function of the skeleton

A

Supports body, protects organs, creates red & white blood cells, movement, mineral storage.

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23
Q

Makeup of skeletal system

A

Water, minerals,& living tissue

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24
Q

Tendons

A

Bone to muscle

25
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone

26
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible bone

Ribs, ears, nose

27
Q

5 different joints

A 
Ball & socket-hip, shoulder
Hinge-elbow, knee
Gliding-spine, wrist, ankle
Fixed-sternum 
Floating-knee cap
28
Q

Incisors -

A

To cut

29
Q

Canines-

A

To rip and tear

30
Q

Molars-

A

To chew and grind

31
Q

Herbivores-

A

Large incisors, flat molars

32
Q

Carnivores-

A

Large canines, small incisors, pointy molars

33
Q

Bones in babies vs adults

A

Babies- 300

Adults-206

34
Q

Heart layers

A

Epicardium-outside
Myocardium-middle
Endocardium-skin like layer on the outside

35
Q

Arteries-

A

Lead away from the heart. High pressure. Thick wall, small diameter.

36
Q

Veins-

A

Lead toward the heart. Low pressure. Thin wall, large diameter.

37
Q

Average blood pressure-

A

110/70

38
Q

Path of air thru respiratory system

A

Nasal passage.
Pharynx (throat)
Trachea.
Larynx (vocal chords).

39
Q

Breathing in…

A

Inspiration.

Muscles-diaphragm and rib muscles.

40
Q

Breathing out….

A

Expiration.

Muscles relax.

41
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Red and white blood cells,
Platelets,
Plasma.

42
Q

PH range and average

A

1-14; 7

43
Q

Defenses of your immune system

A

Skin, mucus membrane and body chemistry (non specific), specific immunity ( true immunity).

44
Q

Skin-

A

Is waterproof

45
Q

External body chemistry includes-

A

Oil and swear in your skin, lysozymes, tears, saliva, stomach acids, urine.

46
Q

Where are blood cells made?

A

Bone marrow.

WBC have a nucleus

47
Q

Job of a platelet?

A

To clot.

48
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid part of your blood

49
Q

What is pus?

A

White blood cells, dead bacteria and plasma.

50
Q

Trachea-

A

Lined with cilia and mucus.

51
Q

Larynx-

A

Only works when air is moving out.

52
Q

Circulatory System

A

Pump heart–> arteries away–> capillaries exchange–> veins (toward).

53
Q

Pathway of blood thru the heart

A

Superior vena cava. Right atrium. Right ventricle. Semilunar valves. Pulmonary artery.

Left atrium. Aorta.

54
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary functions

55
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Involuntary functions,

56
Q

Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:

A
  • Stress (fight or flight)

- peace ( returning to normal)

57
Q

Botulism ?

A

Prevents release of the neurotransmitter

58
Q

Tetnus?

A

Blocks the enzyme that destroys neurotransmitter

59
Q

Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Your immune system attacks your body. Destroys myelin sheath of motor nerves.

Biology (2 decks)

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